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Prunus armeniaca L. (1753)

Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.
Status iucn3.1 EN ru.svg

IUCN 3.1 Endangered : 63405
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ITIS   24769
NCBI   36596
EOL   301091
GRIN   t:29841
IPNI   729463
TPL   tro-27801087

́, (. Prúnus armeniáca; (Rosaceae), . , , , , . (Prunus sibirica L.), .

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. - [3][4][5][6][7]. , - [8]. , . (. De Poerderlé) XVIII : « , , »[9] XIX , , [10][6]. : . , I , I  . ., - . , « » (. Mela armeniaca, . pomum armeniacum), , [6][11]. , , , [6].

XVII , , .   «»  [6].

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( ) . Arbor precox (« ») . praecoqua, «», « ». « », (« ») (« »).

1700 . Armeniaca. 1737 . Prunus foliis ovato-cordatis, , , . Malus armeniaca . Armeniaca malus[6].

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, .

. , . .  1977 [12] , . , 3000 .  . ., , , , , , , , . , 1886 , , , . . , [6]. [8][13]. . .  ( , ) V, VI VII International Symposium on Apricot Culture and Decline (1981, 1983), , 4-  . . ( ), 1964 1967 .[14][15] , [8].

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. .
, , (. Augusta Innes Withers, 17921869), Pomological Magazine
.

. , 100 . 16  21 °. , 25 °, 30 °. ( ), .

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  - («») , , . , .

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, ( (. өі /ʷøˈryk/) ( ), , , ). - .

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() , (. Huille de marmotte). , [16].

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, . ( ) . , . [17].

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20 , .

, , . , . . , , -. , , .

́ () ́. , , ( ) , . ,   [   62 ].

(. Armeniaca dasycarpa Pers.).

(. Armeniaca sibirica Pers.), .

Armeniaca brigantica .

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4,7 27 % ( ), , .   0,8 %,   1,3 %.

, , . (10 %), , 1 , ( )  16 %. , .

305  (   56 ). - .   , , . (2,1 %) , .

, , .

, . , . , , .

35 60 % , . , . , , .

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( )

1965 1 362
1970 1 630
1975 1 546
1980 1 734
1985 2 029
1990 2 189
1995 2 104
2000 2 922
2005 3 551
2006 3 286
2007 3 368
2008 3 716
2009 3 728
15 ( )
1985 1995 2005 2009
Flag of Turkey.svg  202 281 894 695
Flag of Iran.svg  100 193 275 397
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  / 55 170 290
Flag of Italy.svg  195 104 232 233
Flag of Algeria.svg  42 41 145 202
Flag of Pakistan.svg  53 190 197 193
Flag of France.svg  102 100 177 190
Flag of Morocco.svg  73 78 103 122
Flag of Ukraine.svg  / 97 74 115
Flag of Japan.svg  / / 123 115
Flag of Egypt.svg  23 54 73 100
Flag of Syria.svg  80 30 65 99
Flag of Spain.svg  150 138 137 97
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  / 48 91 90
Flag of Greece.svg  131 42 73 77
:

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  1. .
  2. . « APG» «».
  3. Apricot 
  4. Andrew Dalby, Food in the ancient world from A to Z, p.20
  5. Kevin M. Folta, Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae, Springer, 2009, p.316-317
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Faust et al., Origin and Dissemination of Apricot, in Horticultural Reviews (1998), p.242
  7. Mark Rieger, Introduction to Fruit Crops, p. 65
  8. 1 2 3 Daniel Zohary, Maria Hopf, Ehud Weiss, Domestication of Plants in the Old World, . 144
  9. De Poerderlé M. le Baron Manuel de l'Arboriste et du Forestier Belgiques: Seconde Édition: Tome Premier.  à Bruxelles: Emmanuel Flon.  P. 682. Downloadable Google Books:

    Cet arbre tire son nom de lArménie, province dAsie, doù il est originaire et doù il fut porté en Europe

  10. // : 86 (82 . 4 .).  ., 18901907.
  11. Jules Janick, James N. Moore, Fruit Breeding: Tree and tropical fruits, John Wiley and Sons, 1996, p.81:

    Apricots apparently moved from central Asia through Iran into the Transcaucasian area and westward. Such movement must have occured as as a part of the military, economic, and cultural exchange that followed Alexandes of Macedons penetrations into Turkestanas far as the Fergana valley during the fourth century B.C. The further movement of apricots westward into Europe seems to have occured in two steps. Apricots came to be known in Greece and Italy as an aftermath of Roman-Persian wars during the first century B.C. The specific or generic name, Armeniaca, certainly suggests that the apricot was first distributed in Italy and Greece by Armenian traders. It was many years later that apricot was cultivated in other southern European countries.

  12. . .   . «», , 1977
  13. . ., . ., (ARMENIACA VULGARIS LAM.)   Takhtajania / , , 2011, 1, . 190191
  14. S.L. Agulian, M.B. Sanagian, E.S. Morikian, M.A. Avetisian, APRICOT SELECTION IN ARMENIA  ISHS Acta Horticulturae 85: V and VI International Symposium on Apricot Culture and Decline
  15. E.S. Morikian, APRICOTS OF ARMENIA: ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION OF VARIETIES  ISHS Acta Horticulturae 121: VII Symposium on Apricot Culture and Decline
  16. . . . // - : . / . . . , . . .  .: . ., 1990.  . 161.  ISBN 5-06-000085-0
  17. .  : - -, 1974.

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«»
  •  ( 4  2009)
  • .
  • // : 86 (82 . 4 .).  ., 18901907.
  • USDA NRCS (.) 18 2008 .