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Cyrillic letter Abkhazian Ha.svg
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. .  1862 . (37 ). 1909 . 55 .

1926 .   (77 ), . .  ; 1928 .

1938 . . . .  1954 . .

1990- [?] [?] .

[]

:

  2. [Hewitt 2004: 260263]
  3. [Comrie B. 1996: 717]. , , .
  4. , , TITUS.
  5. ISO 9:1995.
  6. [Comrie B. 1996: 717].
  7. , . . [Hewitt 2004: 278279]
  8. . . (19261928)
  9. (19281938)
  10. (19381954)

Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts  (.).


1 2 () 3 (Comrie) 4 TITUS 5 ISO 6 Comrie 7 (Hewitt) 8 () 9 . 10
a [a] a a a a a A a
b [b] b b b b b B ʙ
v [v] v v v v v V v
g [g] g g g g g G g
gʲ [gj] g' g' g' gi gˌ gˌ
Ҕ ҕ ɣ ~ ʁ [ɣ] ɣ ğ ġ ǧ ǧ Ƣ ƣ
Ҕ ҕ ɣʲ ~ ʁʲ [ɣj] ɣ' ğ' ġ' ǧi ǧˌ [ƣɪ]

d [d] d d d d d D d
ә ә dʷ

[db]

 [dw] d˚ dã d˚ du d˚ Đ đ º
Џ џ ɖʐ [dʐ] ǯ d̂ ǰ c̄ ḓ ɠ ə
Џ џ ʤ [ʥ] ǯ' d̂' ǰ' c ḏ̣
ɛ [e] e e e e e E e
Ҽ ҽ ʈʂ [ʦ̨] č č ċ ç̄ ϑ̱̣ Ҽ ҽ ə
Ҿ ҿ ʈʂ [ʦ] č̣ č̦ ḉ ç̄ ṯ̣ Ҿ ҿ ə
ʐ [ʐ] ž ž ž j̄ ȷ Ƶ ƶ ə
ʒ [ʑ] ž' ž' ž' j ȷˌ
ә ә ʒʷ [ʐw] ž˚ žã ž˚ ju ȷ˚ J j º
z [z] z z z z z Z z
Ҙҙ ʑ
Ӡ ӡ ʣ [ʣ] ʒ źã ʒ dz ď Ʒ ʒ
Ӡә ӡә ʥʷ [ʣw] ʒ˚ źã' ʒ˚ ĉu ď˚ º
Ӡ ӡ ʥ ĉ ďˌ
i:, j, jə [i, j] i, j i i y, yı, ıy i, y I i
k [k] ḳ k k k k
kʲ [kj] ḳ' k' k' ki kˌ [ɪ]
Қ қ kʰ [k] k ķ ķ k q K k
Қ қ kʲʰ [kj] k' ķ' ķ' ki qˌ [kɪ]
Ҟ ҟ q [q] q̇ k̄ k̄ q k̇ Q q
Ҟ ҟ qʲ [qj] q̇' k̄' k̄' qi k̇ˌ [qɪ]
l [l] l l l l l L l
m [m] m m m m m M m
n [n] n n n n n N n
o [o] o o o o o O o
Ҩ ҩ ɥ (< ʕʷ) [ɥ] ʿ˚ / ω ò ọ yu Y y
p [p] p p p p
Ҧ ҧ pʰ [p] p ṕ p φ P p
r [r] r r r r r R r
s [s] s s s s s S s
Ҫҫ ɕ sˌ
t [t] ṭ t t t t tˌ
ә ә tʷ

[tp]

 [tw] ṭ˚ tã t˚ tu t˚ º
Ҭ ҭ tʰ [t] t ţ ţ t ϑ T t
Ҭә ҭә tʷ

[tpʰ]

 [tw] t˚ ţã ţ˚ tu ϑ˚ º
w, wə, u: [w, u] w, u, ˚ u u w, wı, ıw w U u
f [f] f f f f f F f
x ~ χ [x] x h x x q̇ X x
xʲ ~ χʲ [xj] x' h' x' xi q̇ˌ [xɪ]
χ ~ χˁ q̱̇̇
Ҳ ҳ ħ [ћ] h̦ x̨ h ħ H h
Ҳә ҳә ħʷ [ћw] ˚ h̦ã x̨˚ hu ħ˚ ħ º
ʦʰ [ʦ] c c c ts ϑ̇ C c
ә ә ʨʷʰ [ʦw] c˚ cã c˚ ç̂u ϑ̇˚ º
ʨʰ ϑ̇ˌ
Ҵ ҵ ts [ʦ] c̣ c̄ã c̅ ts ṫ Ç ç
Ҵә ҵә ʨʷ [ʦw] c̣˚ c̄ c̅˚ ç̂u ṫ˚ ̶ º
Ҵ ҵ ʨ ṫˌ
ʧʰ [ʨ] č' č č ç ϑ̣ ɥ
Ҷ ҷ ʧ [ʨ] č̣' c̦ č̨ ç ̌ ç ṭ ɥ
ʂ [ʂ] š š š ş̄ Ş ş ə
ʃ [ɕ] š' š' š' ş ̆ ſ
ә ә ʃʷ [ʂw] š˚ šã š˚ şu ˚ ꟻ º
ɨ [ə] ə y y ı ə , Ə ə ,

:

  • , .
  • (~)
  • , , .
  • 1928-38 . .
  • ( ) Ҧ , , , Ҿ Џ, ..

[]

  ә. , (ә, ҕә, ҙә, ә, қә, ҟә, ҫә, ә, ә) . , 1990- . ( ) , : , ҕ, , қ, ҟ, , , ( /gʷ/, /gw/) : . ( ) , .

() .

/aː/ , /eː/ .

[]

  • , [1]

  • , [2]

  • . . (19261928 .)

  • 19281938 .

  • (1938-1953 .)

[]

  1. , . 6. , 1888
  2. . ҧ . Aqya, 1925

[]

  • . .  ( ).  : . 1964. . 409415.
  • . .  . ., 1926 (« », I).
  • . .  . . . 1: . . , 1887 (.: , 2002)
  • Abhaasi / Abkhaz / Apsua. Eesti Keele Instituut / Institute of the Estonian Language. KNAB: Kohanimeandmebaas / Place Names Database, 2003-03-28. pdf
  • Abkhaz // Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts ( Kohanimeandmebaas American Library Association/Library of Congress).
  • ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts. Randal K. Berry (ed.). Library of Congress, 1997.
  • Comrie B. Adaptations of the Cyrillic Alphabet // Daniels P.T., Bright W. (eds.) The Worlds Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Gippert J. Caucasian Alphabet Systems Based Upon the Cyrillic Script. (TITUS), no date. pdf.
  • Hewitt G. Introduction to the Study of the Languages of the Caucasus. München: Lincom, 2004
  • ISO 9:1995. Information and documentation  Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters  Slavic and non-Slavic languages. International Organization for Standardization, 1995.
  • Latiniseeritud nimede hääldusjuhiseid/Guide to the Pronounciation of Romanized Names. KNAB: Kohanimeandmebaas. Eesti Keele Instituut, 1998.
  • Proposal to encode two Cyrillic characters for Abkhaz ( 1964, , ).

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