| : |
ҧ ә, ҧә |
|---|---|
| : | |
| : | |
| : |
117 350[1] |
| : | |
| : | |
| 7.7597: |
010 |
| ISO 639-1: |
ab |
| ISO 639-2: |
abk |
| ISO 639-3: |
abk |
| . : : | |
́ ́ (. ҧ ә [apʰswa bɨzʃʷa], ҧә [apʰsʃʷa], ) , , (, , ), . , (), ( ) .
|
|
[]
(. ҧ), 100 , ( 1994; ). 1989 17,8 % (92,8 . .), - , 1995, ( 520 150-220 ) 50 %.
27 2011 ., 122 069 - 50% .
XIX , - , ; , , . , : -, (. ).
1989 : (. № 5 Atlas of the Caucasian Languages). - .
, , , , , , . (. [ 1995], [Andrews 1989] № 18 ).
[]
- (- ).
. . , , , , - . (), , -: , , , , . . « ».
[]
- (- ) () . , . :
:
.
[]
. 1862 . . . 1865. 1892 « », . . . . .
1926 . ; 1938 . , 1954 . .
[]
[]
- ; ; ʷ ʷ; ʷ ʷ; ʲ ʲ
- ; ; ʲ ʲ
- ў, ў
- ў ў ; ў ў ; ʷ ʷ
[]
: 58, 60, 67.
, , : қ қ қә [k kʲ kʷ].
:
| .- | ||||||||||||||
| . | . | +. | +. | +. | ||||||||||
| b | d | dʷ [db] | ʣ | ɖʐ | ʥ | ʥʷ | ʤ | g | gʲ | gʷ | ||||
| pʰ | tʰ | tʷʰ [tpʰ] | ʦʰ | ʈʂʰ | ʨʰ | ʨʷʰ | ʧʰ | kʰ | kʲʰ | kʷʰ | ||||
| . | p | t | tʷ | ʦ | ʈʂ | ʨ | ʨʷ | ʧ | k | kʲ | kʷ | q | (ʔ) | |
| v | z | ʐ | ʑ | ʑʷ | ʒ | ɣ | ɣʲ | ɣʷ | ||||||
| f (f) | s | ʂ | ɕ | ɕʷ | ʃ | x | xʲ | xʷ | χ | ħ | ||||
| . | ʒʷ | |||||||||||||
| ʃʷ | χʷ | ħʷ | ||||||||||||
| m | n | |||||||||||||
| w | l r | j | ɥ | |||||||||||
(: . ; . ; . ; . .)
, , .
[f] , /a.ˈpa/.
, /χˁ χˁʷ/.
[ʔ] , -, /q/, , -, /ʔaj/ . /ɥ/ /ʕʷ/ .
.
[]
. , [3] .
| . |
[]
[] .
, . 1912 « ».
1919 «», .
[]
- Abkhaz (.). Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition.. 21 2012.
- . 21 2012.
- . . « » :2006; « » :1957
[]
- . . . // . . . . 1. : . 2000. . 46-79.
- . , . , 1966
- - . . . - . : , 1995
- . . . // , . II. . - , : , 1936, . 321-354.
- . . . . . 1: . . , 1887 (.: , 2002)
- . . . : . . -. . - . : , 1995, . 260278.
- . . . // . . . . 1. A-. : , 1998, . 8-18.
- .. . - . // . . - : Academia, 1998. . . . 80-157.
- / . .. . - : a, 1970.
- Andrews, Peter A. Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey., Beiheft Nr. B 60, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Wiesbaden: Reichert Publications, 1989
- Chirikba V.A. Common West Caucasian. The Reconstruction of its Phonological System and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology. Leiden: Research School CNWS. 1996.
- Chirikba V.A. Abkhaz. Languages of the World/ Materials 119. Muenchen: Lincom Europa, 2003.
- Chirikba V.A. Distribution of Abkhaz Dialects in Turkey. In: A. Sumru Özsoy (ed.). Proceedings of the Conference on Northwest Caucasian Linguistics, 10-12 October 1994. Studia Caucasologica III. Novus forlag Oslo, Institutet for sammenlignende kulturforskning, 1997, p. 63-88.
- Hewitt B.G. Abkhaz: A descriptive Grammar. Amsterdam, 1979.
- Hewitt B.G. Abkhaz // Greppin J. (ed.) The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus Vol. 2. New York: Caravan Books, 1989. [Pp. 3988].
[]
- . . - . ., 1926.
- -. . , 1964.
- . ., . ., . . . : 2 . , 1987 ( . .).
- Chirikba, V. A. A Dictionary of Common Abkhaz. Leiden, 1996.
[]
| - |
|---|
| - |

