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Selachii
  • Selachimorpha
  • Pleurotremata
  • Superbi Squalo
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ITIS   563987
EOL   4659120
, . ().

́ (. Selachii)[1] (Chondrichthyes), (Elasmobranchii) : , , [2].

«́» «hákall»[3][4]. 420450 . [5][6][7]. 450 : Etmopterus perryi, 17 , (Rhincodon typus)  ( 12 ). , 2000 . , . , , , ,  , , .

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Parts of a shark ru.svg

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(Dalatias licha)

  , . :

  •   , .
  •   .
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  •   , , , .

, . , , . , , . , , . , . , . , . . , . , . .

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.

, , [8]. , , . , . , . , , ,   ,   . , , . , . , . , ( , , ),   . , , . , .

, . , , . , . , . , 8 %[9]. , , , 80 /[10]. ,   . , , , .

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3 [11]:

  1. , ;
  2. , ;
  3. , , , , :
    1. ;
    2. .

, . () , . . , [2][12].

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(Galeocerdo cuvier)

. . [2]. . , , . , . , , , . [11].

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, . . , - , , [13].

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(Rhincodon typus)

, , . , , . ( ) ( ), . , . , . .

, , ; , . , ; , . , , .   , . , , , , . , . 3,76,8 % , 3,46,5 %, 4,58,7 . %[12]. , . , , . - (), .

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- (Ginglymostoma cirratum) ,

, . , . 0,86 /³, . [8]. , . (Odontaspididae) , . , , . , -, , .

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, . , [12]. 50 % . - ( ) , , . (26 24 ), , . , , [8].

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() . .   , , ( 8 ). 811 °C , , . , . .[11]

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, , , .

, , U- . 3 %. , , , . , . , ; , . , .

, 30 % [14]. ( 70 % ), , .

, ́ [8].

, , . ,  (.) (Carcharias taurus) 150  8090  .[12]

  . , .[15]

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[16]. . - , - [8].

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(Heterodontus portusjacksoni)

. [12]. , . . 14 % . . , . , , , , . , . , 1:1 000 000, [17].

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, , . . , , . , . , , [18]. , , [19]. , . . 10 [19].

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, . 1002500 [12]. 20 . [19].

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. , . , , . , [12].

[] -

 (.) , . 0,01 /. , [8]. , , 0,05 °C[12].

. ,  (.) (Carcharhinus plumbeus),   . : , , [20].

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, . , , 2030 . , , 100 . [21][22].

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(Heterodontus portusjacksoni)

, . - , , .   100, . 314 [8]. , , , . ( ) , .

, .   , . .

, , . , , . . 12 1012 , (Somniosus microcephalus) 500 8 [12]. , . 30 % [23]. . , . (Lamnidae) .

, , . (Triakidae) 20, - (Sphyrnidae)  3040 [12]. , ( ), [21].

, , .   . , . , , [22].

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. . , , , . 2000 , 3000 , .  (.) 3700 [24].

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, . . . , [25]. , , .

. (Sphyrna lewini) , , [26]. . , , [27].

. , , [28].

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8 /, 19 /. - 50 /[29]. . .

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, « », , , . [30]. 1987 [31]. . , [32].

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, , [33]. , , . , , . , , . , , .[33] , [33], , .

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, . , , . , , , , . , , . , [34]. , . [35]. , , , [36].

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(Carcharodon megalodon)
Hybodus fraasi Museum für Naturkunde (.)
Helicoprion bessonovi, .

450  ,     400 . [6][7]. , , -, 30 . . , ,   .   Cladoselache  350 . [7][37]. , . , , . , « ». , .   Stethacanthus, 3 , «» , , , . , , Helicoprion Ornithoprion, , , -, . «»   , . . (5635 . ), , (235 . ), Carcharodon megalodon[38].

, 300 . , , [7]. 245 . , , 96 % . , , , . - , .

,     , , , . Palaeospinax, , .   , , 6 . , , 6 . , [6][7]. , . , , . , , 65 . . , .

50 .   Carcharodon megalodon[37]. , ́ . 15  . , , 1230 . , , 30 5 . [37][38] . , 300400 . . , -, 150 . . - , . , . , , . [37].

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:
. .   « », 1778 .

, , -, 4 1 , «». , , , .

, 1 11,5 ., 1 264,1 .[39] , 3 306 , 1[40].

, . : , , [41] [42] .

, . : -, -, ,  (.), , , .   , . . , , . - , -  . .

, . [43], .   , , [43].

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. , . , . , , [44]. , , 5080 % , 27 % [45].

, , . 9 , . -, . , , , , [46]. , «», , , [47].

, [48]. [49]. , , , . - - Mäna[50].

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, , . , , [51]. , . , . , . , , . , . , , , , . - , [52]. , , , , . , , [53].

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Georgia Aquarium

. . , ( , ) , . , . , , . , , [54].

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( 100 )[55]. :

, 26 , , [57]. 100  [55][58]. , [59]. :

  1. , , , ;
  2. ;
  3. . ( 4 % ) , finning (.) , .

, [60].

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Finning , .

. , . , , . , , . . . 80- XX [61]. . , . , , , . .

. , . , ́ . - . . . . . , 25 %, - 32 %. 47 % 92 % . 6 . . , [62].

IUCN, 24 % [63]. . , 15 89 %, 80 %, 79 %. , , - 70 %, 65 %, 60 % 40 % . , 99 %, [55][64]. . , , -, [65]. . , 1315 [12][66]. , , , , . , , [65].

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A-10 Thunderbolt II
  1. , . , . .
  2. . , - [67].
  3. . , . , «» [8].
  4. . - . , , , , [67][68].
  5. . , [67].
  6. . , , , «» . , , , . , ( , )[67].

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  • ()

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: Chondrichthyes

: Elasmobranchii

: Selachimorpha

450 8 34 :

. , . , . , , (  (.)), .   , . . (.)

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.   . ,   «» . , . , .

. . . , , . , .

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. . ,     , . . , , , . .

. . , . , , , , . , , , , , . .

[] .

«»

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