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: ,
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                 de facto ( )       de facto ( )

́ ́ (. American English, .: AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US[1] , . , , ( ) XVIIXVIII , . 80 % , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , . , , .

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  . , . , , , . XVII 1776 , 2,8 (82 % ) -. , , , , , , , : , , . , , , , .

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, : XVIIXVIII . , , XIX  XX ( , r), , , - .

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, (hitchhike, landslide), (, ).

. , , . , : (moose  « » elk, ), , (dixiecrat  « »), (drugstore  «-»).

, , (market  « », career  «»). faculty «», «- ». pavement «», «». , , - : fall  «» - autumn, apartment  «» flat, tardy  «» .

. , caucus  « » : « », « » .

.

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, -. adios, solo, rancho, buckaroo, tapas, tacos, guacamole, latino/a , . chitos, doritos  . .

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, , . [é] [er] : tutor () tutee (), employer () employee (, ).

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, . , , , . 20 % ( 60 ) . , ( 1,5 ). (, «dumb» , . . dumm).

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, General American

, , ( ). "" . , ( , CNN) General American accent. General American Midwestern. ( , ), . General American ., ., ., . ..

, . General American. , . , - , Received Pronunciation.

r ( /r/ part girl), , - ( 18- ). , , -, .

r, . merry, marry Mary ( ).

( [ː]) , RP ( [r]). , .

[] [ɔː] [ɒ] [ɑ]

  [ɔː] ( "") [ɒ] ( "", [ɔ]) [ɑ] ( "" , "") ( «cop», [kɒp],[2] , [kɑp][2][3]).

«» [ɔː], cot caught (. . cot-caught merger, ).

[ɔː] [ɒ] [ɑ] ( ). , RP [ɔː] [ɒ], (, dog, long, chocolate), [ɑ] father (, hot, dot, box), . , RP "hot dog" [hɒt dɒg] ( " "), (GA) [hɑːt dɒːg] ( " ") [hɑːt dɔːg], "" hot dog -. ( " " " ").

, IPA, "" . [ɑ], [ɑ] ( [ɑː], ).

, RP [ɔː] [ɒ], [ɑ] ( [ɑ]) , wha, wa (, what, want, wash), al (, talk, call, hall), aw (, thaw, saw, awkward), au (, author, pause), ot (, dot, hot, lot) .

, , or (, sport, lord, fork) , [ɑ].

[ɑ] , [ʌ] ( "" "", ""), . , "" , , , soccer "sucker", fox "fucks", contest "cunt test", slot "slut", .

[] Flapping

. . (flapping)  [t] ( [d]) []( , , ); [d]. .

[j] tune Tuesday ; , toon Toosdi, [j], , «» , choon Choosdi. «» [tj] .

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1828 .

:

color, labor  . . colour, labour
traveled, canceled  . . travelled, cancelled
catalog, dialog  . . catalogue, dialogue
theater, center  . . theatre, centre
defense, pretense  . . defence, pretence
organize, analyze  . . organise, analyse
check cheque
program programme

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, already, just yet, present perfect. simple past, .

«Ive just arrived home.» / «I just arrived home.» «Ive already eaten.» / «I already ate.»

( «Cable broadband just got faster»).

present perfect simple past .

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shall (I shall) , , . be going to (Im going to see a doctor I shall/will see a doctor) , .

: spelt > spelled. , (, get gotten, sneak  snuck, dive  dove).

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. ́ , , . , . , , , , .

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(. . ). , . , - . , (, ), .

, 50-  60- XX , , , , 70- , 90-  . , (, , .), (, , , ). ( ), () ( ). , , . (. «courriel» «sähköposti» «e-mail» ).

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  1. en-US  , ISO (. ISO 639-1 en:ISO 3166-1 alpha-2) (. IETF).
  2. 1 2 Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary
  3. Kenyon, Knott, Pronouncing dictionary of American English, Merriam-Webster Inc., Springfield, 1953