Àíè (ãîðîä)

Ó ýòîãî òåðìèíà ñóùåñòâóþò è äðóãèå çíà÷åíèÿ, ñì. Àíè.

Ãîðîäñêèå ñòåíû Àíè (ôîòî 2001)

Àíè́ (àðì. Անի, òóð. Ani, ëàò. Abnicum^[1]^[2], ãðóç. ááá˜áá˜ â «Àíèñè») â äðåâíÿÿ ñòîëèöà àðìÿíñêîãî Àíèéñêîãî öàðñòâà. Â ïåðèîä ðàñöâåòà ãîðîä èìåë íàñåëåíèå íå ìåíåå 100 òûñÿ÷ ÷åëîâåê è áûë èçâåñòåí êàê ãîðîä 1001 öåðêâè. Ðóèíû ãîðîäà íûíå íàõîäÿòñÿ â èëå Êàðñ íà âîñòîêå ñîâðåìåííîé Òóðöèè, íà ïðàâîì áåðåãó ðåêè Àõóðÿí.

[ïðàâèòü] Ãåîãðàôèÿ

Êîîðäèíàòû: 40.5, 43.56666740°30â² ñ. ø. 43°34â² â. ä.ï»¿ / ï»¿40.5° ñ. ø. 43.566667° â. ä. ^(G) ^(O) Âûñîòà íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ â 1338 ì. Ðàñïîëîæåí íà êàìåíèñòîì ïëàòî â ïîãðàíè÷íîé çîíå, ìåíåå ÷åì â êèëîìåòðå îò ãðàíèöû Òóðöèè ñ ñîâðåìåííîé Àðìåíèåé. Ðàññòîÿíèå äî Êàðñà â 42 êì.

[ïðàâèòü] Èñòîðèÿ

Öåðêîâü Ñâÿòîãî Ãðèãîðèÿ (çàêîí÷åíà â 1010)(ôîòî 2001)

Îñíîâíàÿ ñòàòüÿ: Îñâîáîæäåíèå Àíè

Ãîðîä îñíîâàí â ãëóáîêîé äðåâíîñòè.
VâVIII âåêà â âëàäåíèå êíÿçåé Êàìñàðàêàíîâ, à çàòåì Áàãðàòèäîâ
961 â Àøîò III äåëàåò Àíè ñòîëèöåé Àðìåíèè. Àíè ñòàíîâèòñÿ êðóïíåéøèì ïîëèòè÷åñêèì, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì, êóëüòóðíûì è òîðãîâûì öåíòðîì.
1045 â ãîðîä ïåðåø¸ë ïîä âëàñòü Âèçàíòèè.
1064â1072 â çàõâà÷åí è ðàçðóøåí òóðêàìè-ñåëüäæóêàìè^[3]^[4]
1072â1124 â çàõâà÷åí Øåääàäèäàìè^[5]
1124â1126 â çàõâà÷åí ãðóçèíàìè^[5]
1126â1161 â çàõâà÷åí êóðäàìè^{[èñòî÷íèê íå óêàçàí 696 äíåé]}.
1161â1163 â çàõâà÷åí ãðóçèíàìè^[5]
1163â1174 â çàõâà÷åí ñåëüäæóêèäàìè^{[èñòî÷íèê íå óêàçàí 696 äíåé]}.
1174â1177 â çàõâà÷åí Èâàíå Îðáåëèàíîì è èíòåãðàöèÿ ñ Ãðóçèè (1177â1185) â ïåðèîä óïðàâëåíèÿ Ãåîðãèÿ III^[6]
1185â1199 â çàõâà÷åí Øåääàäèäàìè.^[7]
1199â1236 â óïðàâëåíèå Çàêàðÿíà è îäèí èç öåíòðîâ Àðìåíèè.^[8]
1236 â ðàçîð¸í ìîíãîëàìè.
1319 â ñèëüíî ðàçðóøåí çåìëåòðÿñåíèåì.
XIV âåê â ñòîëèöà òþðêìåíñêîé äèíàñòèè Êàðà Êîéóíëó^{[èñòî÷íèê íå óêàçàí 675 äíåé]}.
Ê êîíöó XIV âåêà â çàõâà÷åí Òàìåðëàíîì è òåðÿåò ñâî¸ çíà÷åíèå êàê êóëüòóðíûé è ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé öåíòð.
1534 â â ñîñòàâå Îñìàíñêîé èìïåðèè
1878â1917 â â ñîñòàâå Ðîññèéñêîé èìïåðèè (ïî Ñàí-Ñòåôàíñêîìó äîãîâîðó).

[ïðàâèòü] Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå

×àñòè÷íî ñîõðàíèëèñü ñðåäíåâåêîâûå ãîðîäñêèå ñòåíû, äâîðåö ñåëüäæóêèäîâ, ðÿä àðìÿíñêèõ öåðêâåé XIâXIII âåêîâ.

25 îêòÿáðÿ 2010 ãîäà «Ôîíä ìèðîâîãî íàñëåäèÿ» (Global Heritage Fund) èç-çà íåýôôåêòèâíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ è ïðåíåáðåæåíèÿ âëàñòåé ñòðàíû âíåñ ïàìÿòíèêè Àíè â ñïèñîê «Ïàìÿòíèêè íà ãðàíè ãèáåëè», â êîòîðîì îïóáëèêîâàíû íàõîäÿùèåñÿ íà ïîðîãå óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ìîíóìåíòû âî âñåì ìèðå. Ïðè ýòîì, ðóèíû äðåâíåé àðìÿíñêîé ñòîëèöû íàõîäÿòñÿ â ðÿäó òðåõ îáúåêòîâ èñòîðè÷åñêîãî íàñëåäèÿ, êîòîðûå íàèáîëåå ïîäâåðæåíû ðèñêó óíè÷òîæåíèÿ. Ñîãëàñíî ïðåäñòàâëåííîìó äîêëàäó, ìíîãèå èç ñîõðàíèâøèõñÿ ñòðîåíèé ãîðîäà íàõîäÿòñÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íà ãðàíè êðàõà èç-çà áåçäîìíûõ, æåëàþùèõ óêðûòüñÿ â íèõ, è ëþáèòåëåé óñòðàèâàòü ïèêíèêè^[9]

[ïðàâèòü] Ñì. òàêæå

[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

â‘ ANI. Àðõèâèðîâàíî èç ïåðâîèñòî÷íèêà 28 àâãóñòà 2011.
â‘ Âèðòóàëüíûé Àíè (àíãë., òóð.). Àðõèâèðîâàíî èç ïåðâîèñòî÷íèêà 28 àâãóñòà 2011.
â‘ David Marshall Lang. The Armenians. A People in Exile, London, 1981, p. 56: «Ani itself, now a Byzantine garrison city, fell to the Turks in 1064».
â‘ Jacques de Morgan. The History of the Armenian People, 1918, p.182-183: Occupied in turn by Seljuks (1064â1072), the Kurdish emirs (1072â1124), the Georgians (1124â1126, 1161â1163), and by the Tartars and Persians, it saw its final days in the 14th century.
â‘ ¹ ² ³ Vahan M. Kurkjian, A History of Armenia: occupied by the Seljuks (1064â1072), by the Kurdish emirs (1072â1124), by the Georgians (1124â1126, 1161â1163), by the Tatars and the Persians, until its story was finally and completely ended by an earthquake in year 1300
â‘ Robert Bedrosian. Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods. The Emergence of Georgia: «The same year (1123) Ani was taken, though that city passed back and forth between the Georgian and Muslim emirs many times throughout the twelfth century. During the reigns of Davidâ™s successors, Demetre I (1125â1155) and Georgi III (1156â1184)». Â: http://rbedrosian.com/asmp2.htm .
â‘ Ïîñëåäíÿÿ çàïèñü îäíîãî èç çìèðîâ îò 1199 ã.: "Oíà ïðîèñõîäèò îò Shâhanshâh « Sultan b.Mahmud b.Shavur b.Minuchihr» (Vladimir Minorsky, Studies in Caucasian History: I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin, CUP Archive, 1953), p. 100.
â‘ Ñì. Çàêàðÿíû è Ìõàðãðäçåëè. Cyril Toumanoff. Armenia and Georgia, Chapter XIV, The Cambridge Medieval History, vol. IV, The Byzantine Empire part I, Cambridge, 1966, pp. 593â637: «Later, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Armenian house of the Zachariads (Mkhargrdzeli) ruled in northern Armenia at Ani, Lorâ™i, Kars, and Dvin under the Georgian aegis». Ñì.: http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/cmh3.htm Robert Bedrosian, The Turco-Mongol Invasions and the Lords of Armenia in the 13-14th Centuries, 1979, p. 89-90 . Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University: «The Georgian Bagratids reached the apogee of their power under queen Tamar (1184â1213). Under Tamarâ™s generals, the energetic brothers Zakâ™are and Iwane Zakâ™arean, the Armeno-Georgian armies surged ahead reclaiming one after another fortress, city and district: Anberd in Aragacotn district (1196), Shamkâ™or, Ganjak, Arcâ™ax, Siwnik', Shirak, the Ayrarat plain and Ani (ca. 1199); Bjni (1201); and Dwin (1203) (156)». Ïîäðîáíåå ñì.: http://rbedrosian.com/dissert.html
â‘ ÈÀ REGNUM // Global Heritage Fund: Ðóèíû äðåâíåéøåãî àðìÿíñêîãî ãîðîäà Àíè íà ãðàíè óíè÷òîæåíèÿ // 5.10.2010

[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè

Àíè, ãîðîä â Àðìåíèè // Ýíöèêëîïåäè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü Áðîêãàóçà è Åôðîíà: Â 86 òîìàõ (82 ò. è 4 äîï.). â ÑÏá., 1890â1907.

Ýòî çàãîòîâêà ñòàòüè îá Àðìåíèè. Âû ìîæåòå ïîìî÷ü ïðîåêòó, èñïðàâèâ è äîïîëíèâ å¸.

Ýòî çàãîòîâêà ñòàòüè î Ñðåäíåâåêîâüå. Âû ìîæåòå ïîìî÷ü ïðîåêòó, èñïðàâèâ è äîïîëíèâ å¸.

Èñòîðè÷åñêèå ñòîëèöû Àðìåíèè

[0] â‘ ANI. Àðõèâèðîâàíî èç ïåðâîèñòî÷íèêà 28 àâãóñòà 2011.

[1] â‘ Âèðòóàëüíûé Àíè (àíãë., òóð.). Àðõèâèðîâàíî èç ïåðâîèñòî÷íèêà 28 àâãóñòà 2011.

[2] â‘ David Marshall Lang. The Armenians. A People in Exile, London, 1981, p. 56: «Ani itself, now a Byzantine garrison city, fell to the Turks in 1064».

[3] â‘ Jacques de Morgan. The History of the Armenian People, 1918, p.182-183: Occupied in turn by Seljuks (1064â1072), the Kurdish emirs (1072â1124), the Georgians (1124â1126, 1161â1163), and by the Tartars and Persians, it saw its final days in the 14th century.

[Vahan_M._Kurkjian-4] â‘ ¹ ² ³ Vahan M. Kurkjian, A History of Armenia: occupied by the Seljuks (1064â1072), by the Kurdish emirs (1072â1124), by the Georgians (1124â1126, 1161â1163), by the Tatars and the Persians, until its story was finally and completely ended by an earthquake in year 1300

[5] â‘ Robert Bedrosian. Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods. The Emergence of Georgia: «The same year (1123) Ani was taken, though that city passed back and forth between the Georgian and Muslim emirs many times throughout the twelfth century. During the reigns of Davidâ™s successors, Demetre I (1125â1155) and Georgi III (1156â1184)». Â: http://rbedrosian.com/asmp2.htm .

[6] â‘ Ïîñëåäíÿÿ çàïèñü îäíîãî èç çìèðîâ îò 1199 ã.: "Oíà ïðîèñõîäèò îò Shâhanshâh « Sultan b.Mahmud b.Shavur b.Minuchihr» (Vladimir Minorsky, Studies in Caucasian History: I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin, CUP Archive, 1953), p. 100.

[7] â‘ Ñì. Çàêàðÿíû è Ìõàðãðäçåëè. Cyril Toumanoff. Armenia and Georgia, Chapter XIV, The Cambridge Medieval History, vol. IV, The Byzantine Empire part I, Cambridge, 1966, pp. 593â637: «Later, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Armenian house of the Zachariads (Mkhargrdzeli) ruled in northern Armenia at Ani, Lorâ™i, Kars, and Dvin under the Georgian aegis». Ñì.: http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/cmh3.htm Robert Bedrosian, The Turco-Mongol Invasions and the Lords of Armenia in the 13-14th Centuries, 1979, p. 89-90 . Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University: «The Georgian Bagratids reached the apogee of their power under queen Tamar (1184â1213). Under Tamarâ™s generals, the energetic brothers Zakâ™are and Iwane Zakâ™arean, the Armeno-Georgian armies surged ahead reclaiming one after another fortress, city and district: Anberd in Aragacotn district (1196), Shamkâ™or, Ganjak, Arcâ™ax, Siwnik', Shirak, the Ayrarat plain and Ani (ca. 1199); Bjni (1201); and Dwin (1203) (156)». Ïîäðîáíåå ñì.: http://rbedrosian.com/dissert.html

[8] â‘ ÈÀ REGNUM // Global Heritage Fund: Ðóèíû äðåâíåéøåãî àðìÿíñêîãî ãîðîäà Àíè íà ãðàíè óíè÷òîæåíèÿ // 5.10.2010

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Àíè (ãîðîä)

Ñîäåðæàíèå

[ïðàâèòü] Ãåîãðàôèÿ

[ïðàâèòü] Èñòîðèÿ

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[ïðàâèòü] Ñì. òàêæå

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[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè

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