-
, , ( ). , , .
, .
|
|
[]
| DIN | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /a(ː)/ | ʼ | ā | a, aa | |||
| /ʔ/ | , ʼ | ʾ | ʼ, | |||
| /b/ | b | b | ||||
| /t/ | t | t | ||||
| /θ/ | ̱ | ṯ | th | |||
| /d͡ʒ ɡ/ | ǧ | j, dj, g | / | |||
| (.) | /ħ/ | ̣ | h | |||
| /x χ/ | ̱, ̮ | ḫ | kh | |||
| /d/ | d | d | ||||
| /ð/ | ̱ | ḏ | dh | |||
| /r/ | r | r | ||||
| /z/ | z | z | ||||
| /s/ | s | s | ||||
| /ʃ/ | š | sh, ch | ||||
| /sˁ/ | ̣ | ṣ | s | |||
| /dˁ/ | ̣ | ḍ | d, dh | |||
| ﻁ | (.) | /tˁ/ | ̣ | ṭ | t | |
| ﻅ | /ðˁ zˁ/ | ̣ | z, zh, dh | , | ||
| ﻉ | /ʕ/ | ʿ | ʻ | , , * | ||
| ﻍ | /ɣ/ | , ̣ | ġ | g, gh | ||
| ﻑ | /f/ | f | f | |||
| ﻕ | /q/ | ̣ | q | q, k, g | , ()* | |
| ﻙ | /k/ | k | k, c | |||
| /l/ | l | l | , | |||
| /m/ | m | m | ||||
| /n/ | n | n | ||||
| ﻩ | /h/ | , h | h | h | ||
| ﻭ | /w, uː/ | , ў | w | w, u, oo, ou | , | |
| /j, iː/ | y | y, i, ee | , () | |||
[]
| DIN | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | /ʔaː/ | ̄ | ʾā | ʾa | ||
| /a, at/ | , | h, t | a, ah / at | , / | ||
| ﻯ | /aː/ | ̄ | ā | a | ||
| ﻻ | - | /laː/ | ̄ | lā | la | |
| ال | - | /al, aC-/ | al- | al | , + | |
| al- | + | + | + | / + | + | |
[]
| DIN | . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| َ | /a/ | a | , , | ||||
| ُ | /u/ | u | , | ||||
| ِ | /i/ | i | , | ||||
| َا | - | /aː/ | ̄ | ā | |||
| ٰ | - | /aː/ | ̄ | ā | |||
| َى | -- | /a/ | ā | ||||
| ىٰ | /aː/ | ā | |||||
| ُو | - | /uː/ | ӯ | ū | |||
| ِي | - | /iː/ | ӣ | ī | |||
| َو | - | /au/ | ў | aw | |||
| َي | - | /ai/ | ay | ||||
| َوّ | /uːw, -uː/ | uww | |||||
| ِيّّ | /iːj, -iː/ | iyy | ()* | ||||
[]
| DIN | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ـً | - | /an/ | an | |||
| ًى | /an/ | an | ||||
| ـٌ | - | /un/ | un | |||
| ـٍ | - | /in/ | in | |||
[]
| DIN | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ْ | /Ø/ | |||||
| ّ | ||||||
| ٱ | -- | /ʔ/ | ||||
| ؐ | /Ø/ | |||||
[]
| / | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Abdulla , Abbas , Ahmad | ||
| aa | Aalim , Aatika , Aashiq | ||
| b | Bahar , Basbas , Baha Udeen | ||
| d | , , , | Qaadir , Majeed , Daarr | |
| dh | , | Mudhill , Dhool Jalaal | |
| ee | Qameer , Jaleel , Raheem | ||
| f | Fattaah , Raafi' ', Fatima | ||
| g | , . . | Gaffaar , Gafoor , Gaanee | |
| gh | , . . | Shaaghid , Ghaadee' ', Zaaghir | |
| h | , | Hakam , Haleed , Hameed | |
| ah | Afifah | ||
| i | Imad , Ilifat , Imili | ||
| ia | Fazia | ||
| j | Jawad , Jameel , Jihad | ||
| jj | Hajja | ||
| k | Kareem , Hakeem , Hakam | ||
| kh | , | Khaaliq , Khaafid , Al-Aakhir - | |
| l | Lama , Labib , Leila | ||
| l | Jameel , Qalbi | ||
| la | Jameela | ||
| laa | Salaam | ||
| laa | Ablaa | ||
| lah | Aseelah | ||
| m | Maalik , Maani' ', Mubdee' ' | ||
| n | Naji , Noor , Nibal | ||
| oo | Safoora , Urooj , Yaqoot | ||
| q | Muqeet , Quddus , Muqtadir | ||
| r | Radi , Rabab , Noor | ||
| s | c, , c , | Salaam , Baasit , Samad | |
| sh | Shakir , Shaadiya , Rasheed | ||
| ish | + | Ishaaq | |
| t | , , , | Tariq , Fatima , Lateef | |
| th | , | Thuraya , Waarith , Baaith | |
| u | Usman , Jubair , Mujeeb | ||
| w | Waheed , Anwaar , Wali | ||
| y | Abul Khayr , Ayeh | ||
| y | Fakhry | ||
| ya | ; | Yamina , Ghaliya | |
| ya | Lamya | ||
| yaa | ; | Yaasmeen , Radhiyaa | |
| yaa | Najyaa | ||
| yah | Badiyah | ||
| yah | Aliyyah , Yahyah | ||
| yya | Ayyad | ||
| yyu | Ayyub | ||
| yyi | Sayyid | ||
| yoo, yu | Yoosuf , Yusef | ||
| yy | Bahiyy | ||
| z | , , , | 'Azeez ', Muizz , Zaaghir | |
| ' | , | ' | Raid , Yala , Adab |
[]
- , .
- .
- , , . :
- ou :
Boulos , Dawoud
- e ( ):
Abdelwahab M. Elmessiri .
- o ( , , ):
Xenophon
- ph :
Xenophon
- x :
Xenophon
- c :
Isaac
- v :
Khabdalgafy Hazvini
[]
- . . (.) - . .: , 2004. . 4659.
- / .: . . , . . ; . . . . .: , 1966.
- . . // . ., 1928. . 618.
