GNU Free Documentation License . .

()

: ,
, . ().
Ariel (moon).jpg

24 1851
 (a)

191 020

 (r)

190 900

 (e)

0,0012

2,520

 (i)

0,260°

1162.2×1155.8×1155.4

578.9

 (S)

4 211 300 ²
 (V)

812 600 000 ³
 (m)

1.35×1021

 (ρ)

1,67 /³
 (g)

0,27 /²
 (v2)

0,56  /c
 (T)

( )

0,39

14,16

58 ° (215 °C)

  27 . 24  1851  « » , «». , , . (2011 ) «-2» 1986 , 35 % . .

. 19  14  . , , , , . , , , . , .

[]

,

, , 24  1851 [1][2]. , 1787  , , 4 [3], [4][5].

«», , 1851 [6][7]. 1847 . 1848  . « »[8]. , «»[9]. I[2].

[]

, .

, 190 000 . [10]. 2,5  . , [11]. [12]. , , , , [13]. , [12].

- , , , , . 42  42 [12]. «-2» 1986  , . 42 , , , . 20072008 19  2007 [14].

. , 5:3 , ( - 1:3 , )[15]. , , - 4:1 , [16]. , - [16]. , , , 3,8  , , . 20 [16].

[]

  , , . 1,66 /3[17], , [18]. , , [11]. , [12]. ( ) , [12]. , , , ( )[12]. , , , , , [12].

(CO2), , . , CO2 , , [12]. . , , , . : , .   CO2, . CO2 [12].

, , , , , , [18]. , (372 ) 64 % , 56 % ( ). 0,3  (3 )[18]. , [18].

[]

, ; , , , , , [19]. , , , , [11]. , , (CO) (N2), [19]. , , ( CO N2) , [11].

, , [19]. , , ( 195 ) 31 [20]. , - , [11]. , . , 30 , , , [21]. [22], 200  [21].

, , [20] (, [18]). , , , [18]. (), . 176 [18]. , , , , , [22]. , , , [20].

, , , , , , , 173  ( ), , [22].

[]

. .

14,8[23], . 30 [24], , - 40  [25].

«-2» 1986  . «-2» 24  1986 , 127 000  [26]. , , «-2» [27]. 2 [22]. 40 % , 35 % [22]. , , , , [11]. , , [28].

26  2006  , , . , , , 98 ° , [29] 2008 .[30].

[]

  40 % [31].

.   , [32]. . . , -, . 10 . , , . ( ), , , . [33].

[34]
( )

()
()
(°)
(°)
622,0 33.7 246  
467 28.3 326.9
365 27.6 347.5  
349 48.6 353
343 16 337.6  
278 20.4 5.1
142 32.1 354.2
328 10.4 10.2  
305 14.9 340
20 15.5 251.3  
34 46.9 336.5 (  .-. γάπη  ) « »
22 53.1 224.3
29 22.5 327.9 « »
21 17 31.9  
71 71.5 339.7   ,
22 12 251.1 ,
20 22.3 23  
34 77.5 22.5  
40 37.8 33.7  
78 68.7 279.7 ,
30 21.3 44.4
34 38.8 352.2
50 52.9 8.9   ,
(Oonagh) 39 21.9 244.4
41 18.3 260.8 « »
(Finvara) 31 15.8 19

, .

[]

, «2» . , .

[35]. : 53 % 0 ° ( ) 35 % , 1 °. 23 %[35]. [36]. [37], 2 %. . , , . , [36][37]. , [37].

[]

. , , . .

: , [22]. , , , [38].

, [22]. , () , [22]. , [39], , , () , ( ) [11][22]. - 15-50  [22]. 1-2 [39]. () 1 [39]. , , «Vallis»[11]. , 620  ( , «-2» )[38][40].

, . - , . ( 25  70 ) 200  10  35  . , , (, ) [22].

, . .

, , : , ( ) [22]. [11]. , , , , [22]. , : , , , / [39]. 1-3 [39]. , , [22].

, , , , , , , , - [22]. , , , , [16]. , , 78  [38] . , . , . ( 100  ) , . , [22]. , 245  , 10 ° . . 30 ° . ., , [41].

[]

  1. Lassell, W. (1851). «On the interior satellites of Uranus». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 12: 1517. Bibcode: 1851MNRAS..12...15L.
  2. 1 2 (1851) «Letter from William Lassell, Esq., to the Editor». Astronomical Journal 2 (33). DOI:10.1086/100198. Bibcode: 1851AJ......2...70L.
  3. Herschel, William (1798). «On the Discovery of Four Additional Satellites of the Georgium Sidus; The Retrograde Motion of Its Old Satellites Announced; And the Cause of Their Disappearance at Certain Distances from the Planet Explained». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 88 (0): 4779. DOI:10.1098/rstl.1798.0005. Bibcode: 1798RSPT...88...47H.
  4. Holden, E.S. (1874). «On the inner satellites of Uranus». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 35: 1622. Bibcode: 1874MNRAS..35...16H.
  5. Lassell, W. (1874). «Letter on Prof. Holden's Paper on the inner satellites of Uranus». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 35: 2227. Bibcode: 1874MNRAS..35...22L.
  6. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AN.../0034//0000169.000.html Adsabs.harvard.edu Retrieved on 06-01-07
  7. Lassell, W. (1852). «Beobachtungen der Uranus-Satelliten» (German). Astronomische Nachrichten 34. Bibcode: 1852AN.....34..325..
  8. Phillip S Harrington Cosmic Challenge: The Ultimate Observing List for Amateurs.  Cambridge University Press, 2011.  P. 364.  ISBN 9780521899369
  9. Kuiper, G. P. (1949). «The Fifth Satellite of Uranus». Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 61 (360). DOI:10.1086/126146. Bibcode: 1949PASP...61..129K.
  10. Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 22 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Smith, B. A. (1986). «Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results». Science 233 (4759): 97102. DOI:10.1126/science.233.4759.43. PMID 17812889. Bibcode: 1986Sci...233...43S. (See pages 58-59, 60-64)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Grundy, W. M.; Young, L.A.; Spencer, J.R.; et al. (2006). «Distributions of H2O and CO2 ices on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon from IRTF/SpeX observations». Icarus 184 (2): 543555. DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.016. Bibcode: 2006Icar..184..543G.
  13. Ness, N. F.; Acuna, Mario H.; Behannon, Kenneth W.; et al. (1986). «Magnetic Fields at Uranus». Science 233 (4759): 8589. DOI:10.1126/science.233.4759.85. PMID 17812894. Bibcode: 1986Sci...233...85N.
  14. Miller, C.; Chanover, N. J. (2009). «Resolving dynamic parameters of the August 2007 Titania and Ariel occultations by Umbriel». Icarus 200 (1): 343346. DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.010. Bibcode: 2009Icar..200..343M.
  15. Tittemore, W. C.; Wisdom, J. (1990). «Tidal evolution of the Uranian satellites III. Evolution through the Miranda-Umbriel 3:1, Miranda-Ariel 5:3, and Ariel-Umbriel 2:1 mean-motion commensurabilities». Icarus 85 (2): 394443. DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(90)90125-S. Bibcode: 1990Icar...85..394T.
  16. 1 2 3 4 (1990) «Tidal heating of Ariel». Icarus 87 (1): 110135. DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(90)90024-4. Bibcode: 1990Icar...87..110T.
  17. Jacobson, R. A.; Campbell, J.K.; Taylor, A.H. and Synnott, S.P. (1992). «The masses of Uranus and its major satellites from Voyager tracking data and Earth based Uranian satellite data». The Astronomical Journal 103 (6): 206878. DOI:10.1086/116211. Bibcode: 1992AJ....103.2068J.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (2006) «Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and large trans-neptunian objects». Icarus 185 (1): 258273. DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.005. Bibcode: 2006Icar..185..258H.
  19. 1 2 3 Mousis, O. (2004). «Modeling the thermodynamical conditions in the Uranian subnebula Implications for regular satellite composition». Astronomy & Astrophysics 413: 373380. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20031515. Bibcode: 2004A&A...413..373M.
  20. 1 2 3 Squyres, S. W.; Reynolds, Ray T.; Summers, Audrey L.; Shung, Felix (1988). «Accretional heating of satellites of Saturn and Uranus». Journal of Geophysical Research 93 (B8): 8,77994. DOI:10.1029/JB093iB08p08779. Bibcode: 1988JGR....93.8779S.
  21. 1 2 Hillier, J.; Squyres, Steven (1991). «Thermal stress tectonics on the satellites of Saturn and Uranus». Journal of Geophysical Research 96 (E1): 15,66574. DOI:10.1029/91JE01401. Bibcode: 1991JGR....9615665H.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (1987) «Geological terrains and crater frequencies on Ariel». Nature 327 (6119): 201. DOI:10.1038/327201a0. Bibcode: 1987Natur.327..201P.
  23. (2008) «Predictions and observations of events and configurations occurring during the Uranian equinox» (pdf). Planetary and Space Science 56 (14): 1778. DOI:10.1016/j.pss.2008.02.034. Bibcode: 2008P&SS...56.1778A.
  24. This month Pluto's apparent magnitude is m=14.1. Could we see it with an 11" reflector of focal length 3400 mm?. Singapore Science Centre. 11 2005. 25 2007.
  25. Sinnott, Roger W.; Ashford, Adrian The Elusive Moons of Uranus. Sky&Telescope. 26 2011. 4 2011.
  26. Voyager Mission Description  (.). The Rings Node (SETI Institute). 25 2011. 27 2010.
  27. Stone, E. C. (1987). «The Voyager 2 Encounter With Uranus». Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (A13): 14,87376. DOI:10.1029/JA092iA13p14873. Bibcode: 1987JGR....9214873S.
  28. Missions to Uranus. NASA Solar System Exploration (2010). 26 2011. 11 2011.
  29. Uranus and Ariel. Hubblesite (News Release 72 of 674) (26 July 2006). 26 2011. 14 2006.
  30. Uranus and satellites. European Southern Observatory (2008). 26 2011. 27 2010.
  31. Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters  (.). NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 18 2010. 27 2010.
  32. Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L.A.; Beebe, A. et al. «Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results»// Science  № 233 (4759) 1986.  Pp. 43-64. Science
  33. Kargel, J. S. (1994). «Cryovolcanism on the icy satellites» (en). Earth, Moon, and Planets 67 (1-3): 101-113.
  34. Ariel Nomenclature Table Of Contents. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. United States Geological Survey, Astrogeology (26  2009). 26 2011.
  35. 1 2 Karkoschka, E. (2001). «Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope». Icarus 151: 5168. DOI:10.1006/icar.2001.6596. Bibcode: 2001Icar..151...51K.
  36. 1 2 Bell III, J.F.; McCord, T.B. (1991). "A search for spectral units on the Uranian satellites using color ratio images" (Conference Proceedings) in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 21st, 1216 Mar. 1990.: 473489, Houston, TX, United States: Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute. 
  37. 1 2 3 Buratti, B. J.; Mosher, Joel A. (1991). «Comparative global albedo and color maps of the Uranian satellites». Icarus 90: 113. DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90064-Z. Bibcode: 1991Icar...90....1B.
  38. 1 2 3 Nomenclature Search Results: Ariel. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology. 4 2012. 29 2010.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 (1991) «Fluid Volcanism on Miranda and Ariel: Flow Morphology and Composition». Journal of Geophysical Research 96: 1887. DOI:10.1029/90JB01604. Bibcode: 1991JGR....96.1887S. (See pages 18931896)
  40. Stryk, T. Revealing the night sides of Uranus' moons. The Planetary Society Blog. The Planetary Society (13  2008). 4 2012. 28 2011.
  41. Moore, J. M.; Schenk, Paul M.; Bruesch, Lindsey S. et.al. (2004). «Large impact features on middle-sized icy satellites» (pdf). Icarus 171 (2): 42143. DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.009. Bibcode: 2004Icar..171..421M.
   
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · 		Uranus2.jpg
 ·
 · -2
15  ·
   
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·
 ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·

«/w/index.php?title=_()&oldid=44685227»