| |
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( «»), |
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( «-10») |
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|
: J2000.0 |
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|
46 001 210 |
||||
|
69 816 927 |
||||
| (a) |
57 909 068 |
|||
| (e) |
0,20530294 |
|||
|
87,969 [1] |
||||
|
115,88 |
||||
| (v) |
47,87 / |
|||
| (Mo) |
174,795884° |
|||
| (i) |
7,00° |
|||
| (Ω) |
48,330541° |
|||
| (ω) |
29,124279° |
|||
| [2] | ||||
|
2439,7 |
||||
|
2439,7 ± 1,0 |
||||
|
15 329,1 |
||||
| (S) |
7,48·107 ² |
|||
| (V) |
6,08272·1010 ³ |
|||
| (m) | ||||
| (ρ) |
5,427 /³ |
|||
| (g) |
3,7 /² |
|||
| (v2) |
4,25 / |
|||
|
10,892 / |
||||
| (T) |
58,646 (1407,5 ) |
|||
|
0,01° |
||||
| (α) |
18 44 2 |
|||
| (δ) |
61,45° |
|||
|
||||
| 0°N, 0°W |
|
|||
| 85°N, 0°W |
|
|||
|
~1015;bar |
||||
|
42,0 % 29,0 % 22,0 % 6,0 % 0,5 % 0,5 % (, , , , , , )[1][4] |
||||
́ , 88 . 58,65 [6], 176 [3]. , .
, . 2006 , . 1,9[1] 5,5, ( 28,3°)[7]. . 2009 , «-10» «»[8]. - .
. 2439,7 ± 1,0 [9], . 3,3·1023 . 5,43 /³, . , , . 3,70 /²[10]. 4,25 /[10]. , -, .
|
|
[]
( 0,205) 57,91 (0,387 . .). 45,9 (0,3 . .), 69,7 (0,46 . .) , . 7°. 87,97 . 48 /. 82 217 [11].
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, , . , ( ). , 1 , , +75 °C[46].
623 (349,9 °C), 103 (170,2 °C). 90 (183,2 °C), , « » , 700 (426,9 °C).[47]
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«-10» , 5·1011 . , . , , , , , , , . 200 .
, , , , . , . , , , , , . , O+, OH H2O+, [49][50].
5 2008 2,5 . . 40 . . 2006 3,7- - (), : ( ). 4- (100 ) . 2007 ( ) ()[53]. 3°.
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1,9[1] 5,5, ( 28,3°)[7]. : [56]. ( , ).
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« » ( ). , , XIV . .[57] , « », UDU.IDIM.GU\U4.UD (« »)[58]. [59], «» [60].
Στίλβων («») Ἑρμάων («»)[61]. «» [62]. «».
, «» , «» («») [63][64]. , , , [65][66]. , , « ». , , , , , [67].
- (星), « ». , -[68]. «», 115,91 , « » 115,88 [69]. , , « » (星).
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- . , [73][74]. XII . - , () [75]. (.). XV , , , , . , XVI [76].
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XVII . , , . 1631 . . 1639 , . , [6].
, . , 28 1737 [78]. 3 2133 [79].
, , , . 1800 , , , 20 . , , 24 70°[80]. 1880- , 88 - [81]. , 1934 , [41]. [82].
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. , , «» . [85].
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. XX , . 1961 , [86]. 1966 : 600 150 . 1962 . . , . 1965 : 59 [87].
. «-10», 19741975 ; 320 . , 45 % . .
, , . «». 3 2004 , 2008 . 2011 : 2008 2009 . «» 2005 : 2006 2007 , .
(ESA) (JAXA) « », : Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). MPO , MMO . BepiColombo 2013 , 2019 , .
. - 19952002 . , ́. , 3 2001 , 12 2002 ; . «-10», 150200 . 210350°[88].
17 2011 «» (. Messenger) . , , , , ; «» . [89].
17 2011 , , , «», ; , . [90].
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- , 1300 , , . , . , , , . . : ( -) ( ), ( ), ( ) ( )[91][92].
- ( ) (, , , , , , )[92]. : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . : «-10» , «20» , . 200 . , , , . [93]. ( 643 ), (411 ), (390 ), ø (383 ) (370 ).
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- - . « » (1967), , , « ».
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[]
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[]
- « »
- MESSENGER (.)
- , «» (.)
- BepiColombo (.) JAXA
- . . . № 7, 2008
- . ., 5 2009, , «».
- . ., 4 2009, 29 30 2009 «» .
- Mercury: Facts & Figures. NASA. .
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