- Aquila chrysaetos ( ) , . ()
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́[1] (. Aquila chrysaetos) , . , , . , . , , . , , . , . . , . , , .
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7693 , 180240 .[4] , 3,8 6,7 , 2,8 4,6 .[4] : , . , . , , S; .[5] , . , , -, .[6] .[7]
- - , - - « » (. Golden Eagle). , . . , ( ) «» , . , , . , .[8] 46 , . -, , . , . , , .[5][6][7] - , .[9]
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, , , , . , , .[11] , , . , ( ) . , , ( , , ).[12] , , .[13] 270 , , .[14] , «» , , . , , .[13]
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, V- , . . , . .[15] , , 240320 /.[16]
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, , . «».[5] , , «--», , , .[17]
[]
[]
. , .[18] , . , , , , , ( ), , . , , , .[2][7] , , , , , . , , , .[19]
3/4 , . ( ), (, ), .[20] 69° . ., , 67° . . 68° . ., 71° . ., , .[19]
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. ( 55- [21]) , , (, ) , , . , . . , . , .[22]
[]
, , , , , , , , . , 3600 .[18] «» , . . 7 , , , , , , , , .[23] .[7]
[]
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, , . , , , , , (, 20 % ). , , , , , .[2][23]
( ), , , , , , . , , , , , , , , .[7][23] , . , .[2][7] , , 1,5 .[24] .[7]
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. . . , . , , , , . . , , . , . , .
. , , , , . , , . 45 , . , , , .[2] , . , (Buteo jamaicensis).[25]
[]
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.[26] . «», , . , . . , , , .[27] , , , .[18][28]
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, , , .[30] [31], , [4]. , . . , , ( [17], [32], [18] . .). , ( ) . , , , .[17] .[33]
, , , , . , .[34] ( 0 107 [18]), . , , 10 18 , , . , , 12 0,51,9 .[17] , , .[17][33] , .[4] , . , . , .
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.[35] 13 ( 2) , 34 .[2][33] - , , . (6889) × (5166) .[4] 4045 . , .[4]
, . , , . . 5080 % .[31] , , , . , .[36] 6580 , , , , .[2] 23 [37], . 32 .[38] 50 .[31]
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[]
, , .[4] , 170 [39], 6,5 7,5 .[2] (12771294 , 2002 ), (8621042 , 2003 .), ( 500 , 2001 .), ( 500 , 2001 ., ), (410430 , 2003 .), (390460 , 2002 .), (300350 , 2002 .), ( 30310 , 1996 .).[2] 25 50 .[33]
. 510 1000 ² (19951998), , ( 350 , 1998), (6080 , 19881997) ( 100 , 1996).[20] , - , , , , , [?] . .[3]
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XVII , , , , , , , . , , , . , XVII , , 1750 , XIX . 1816 , 1840 , 1860 , 1864 , 1865 , 1870 , 1876 , 1887 .[40] 1940- 1960- - 20 . .[33] , .[41] , .[31]
1950- 1960- , , . , , . , , , .[42] .
. , (Lepus californicus) . , 712 , , , .[29] , , 10 , : 1 100120 ² 1 1000 ².[3][43] , , . , , , .[34]
[]
, , . , ( LC).[44]
, . , 2 ( ), 2 , 2 , I [45], , , .[20] , (III ).[20][46] , Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668668c) 1940 . , ( ), . , , ( , ), .[47]
, , , , [45].
. [21] ́ [48], [49] (Glenveagh) [50]. , , , , , , , -, , , -, -, , - -.[20] , .
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Falco chrysaëtos (Aquila chrysaëtos) 1758 10- « ».[52][53][54] Aquila «» ( . aigle . eagle), , , aquilus .[55] chrysaetos .-. χρσός () ετός ( , ).[56]
(Accipitridae), (Aquila). , 2000- , (Aquila verreauxii), (Aquila audax), (Aquila fasciata, syn. Hieraaetus fasciatus) , Hieraaetus spilogaster.[51]
- A. c. chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758) ;
- A. c. canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) , ;
- A. c. homeyeri Severtsov, 1888 , , [1];
- A. c. japonica Severtsov, 1888 , [1];
- A. c. daphanea Severtsov, 1888 - , ;
- A. c. kamtschatica Severtsov, 1888 , .
* Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos * Aquila chrysaetos daphanea * Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri Severtzov, 1888 * Aquila chrysaetos japonica (Severtzov, 1888) * Aquila chrysaetos kamtschatica Severtsov, 1888
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[]
, , , börküt bürküt.[57] « » bircut , mörküt ( mürküt) , bürgüd .[58] , - (-) , , . - , . berkut, bircut.[57][59] . . . . « » , bargud, .[7] , .[60]
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, , , -, , , .
, , (), (XVIXIV . . .).[61] , , . , , , . , , .[62] : , , , 4- , 5- , 6- , 7- , 8- , 9- , 10- , 11- , 12- . .
, , . : (, ) , . . , , . . , . , ( ). ( ), . , . , , . . , .[63][64]
, . , . , , , , . , . , , . , , , , . , , . , , , .[64][65]
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, , -, -, , . , , . , , , . « , ».[66][67]
«» «-». , , , . - .[67] , , , [68]:
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[]
, .[69] , , , . () , . ( ) , , , . , , , , , . : , , , .[70]
, . .[70] -. , . , . , .[71] , , , « » «, ». , , , , .[72]
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. (aquilla) , (ετός) , . . , , . , , : « , , , , , » (.32:1112). , .[73] 401 . . , .[74]
, . . , , .[75] .[76] .[77] , - , , . , , , , . 1960 (. Rafael Martín del Campo) , , águila real ( « » ).[76]
. , , « », « , , ».[78] [79] [80]. [81].
[]
[]
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- R. E. Harness, K. R. Wilson. Electric utility structures associated with raptor electrocutions in rural areas // Wildlife Society Bulletin. 2001. . 29. № 2. P. 612623. (.)
- A. J. Helbig, A. Kocum, I. Seibold, M. J. Braun. A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level // Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution. 2005. . 35. № 1. P. 147164. (.)
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- Thomas R. Jones. The natural history of birds: a popular introduction to ornithology. Oxford: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1867. 576 p. (.)
- Michael P. Jones, Kenneth E. Pierce, Daniel Ward. Avian Vision: A Review of Form and Function with Special Consideration to Birds of Prey // Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2007. . 16. № 2. P. 6987. (.)
- M. N. Kochert, K. Steenhof, C. L. McIntyre, E. H. Craig. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) // Birds of North America (A. Poole (ed.), F. Gill (ed.)). 2002. . 684. P. 144. (.)
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- J. M. Marzluff, S. T. Knick, M. S. Vekasy, L. S. Schueck, T. J. Zarriello. Spatial use and habitat selection of golden eagles in southwestern Idaho // Auk. 1997. . 114. № 4. P. 673687. (.)
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- J. M. Thiollay. Family Accipitridae (Hawks and Eagles) in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. Vol. 2 New World Vultures to Guineafowl // Handbook of the birds of the world. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1994. ISBN 84-87334-15-6 (.)
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[]
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- . . . 19 2011. 10 2009.
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- (.). BirdLife International.( ) 10 2009.
- (.). The IBC Bird Internet Collection. 19 2011. 10 2009.
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