(. Luftangriffe auf Dresden, . Bombing of Dresden) , - - 1315 1945 . ( ) . . 25 200 500 . 2008 , , 18 25 . 17 2010 , 2004 . , 1945 25 .[1] .[2]
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1213 . 25 , « . , ».[9] , , (. Archibald Sinclair) , , , « » ( 200 ).[10]
26 , « ; ( ), ( )»; , , « , , ».[11] .[12] (. Charles Portal), (. Norman Bottomley).
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, 7 , , [3].
| 1939 | , | |
|---|---|---|
| 4 339 000 | 67 608 | |
| 1 129 000 | 38 688 | |
| 841 000 | 27 111 | |
| ʸ | 772 000 | 44 923 |
| 707 000 | 11 616 | |
| 667 000 | 37 938 | |
| 642 000 | 7101 |
, , 1945 [3].
8- 13 , . .
13 796 Avro Lancaster 9 De Havilland Mosquito 1478 1182 . 5- , . Ostragehege . , . 22:14 , , 22:22. , , 244 «» 800 , . , , 1,25 1,3 .
, 1, 3, 5 8- , . , 529 «» 1800 01:21 01:45. 6 , , 2 1 [17].
14 12:17 12:30 311 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress 771 , . 15 466 . P-51 , [17]. , . ø [18][19]. . , [20].
. 2 406 B-17 940 141 . 17 580 B-17 1554 165 [3].
[]
, , 12 . , «24 , 26 , 31 , 6470 , 640 , 256 , 31 , 26 , 63 , 3 , 18 , 11 , 60 , 50 - , 19 ( ), 39 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 19 , 4 , 19 ». , : Taschenberg, 19 . 200 , 136 ( Zeiss ), 28 35 [21].
: « , 23 % 56 % ( ). 78 , 27,7 , , 64,5 . , 80 % 50 % », « , », « »[3].
. , , 1939 642 ,[3] 200 [22]. , , .
.
1945 100 200 , 200 [23].
22 1945 Tagesbefehl no. 47 ( -47), 20 204, , , 25 [19][24][25][26].
1953 « » - : « . , 250 . , , , ; 60-100 . , , »[27].
1977 135 [8].
2000 , , (135 ) . , 25 30 [31].
2005 , 40 , 50 [17].
2005 -- 130 [32], 2007 35 [33].
2006 , 1945 25 . 250 . [34]. . , , 60 245 [35].
2008 13 , , 18 25 .[36][37]. , 500 , [38][39]. , - , 2004 , , 1 [40].
, , , . , , , , , . 2004 , , --, , . « », , , [41].
, , « »[3].
305600 . , , .
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« . . . . . , , , , . . , , , , , ( , ). . , : ! , . : »[42].
1925 . :
« - . , , , , , . , , , , . . , , . , ( ) , , . , , ».[43]
, :
« , , . , , . , : , . . ».[44]
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. [45]. , , , . , « » « »[46].
16 -, , , . 25 « », , , . 4 Das Reich , - .
, , , , (.) .
, (.) : « , [ ] , . , , , , . , »[47]. , , , . , , , . , « ». Associated Press , . , [48].
, , [49][50]. 28 , , : « , , , . . . , , . , , , , »[51][52].
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, .
, . 1945 - . 110 , , 50 . (. ). , [3].
, The Times (.) , . [54]. Genocide Watch (.) , [55].
, , , , . , 19441945 , [56].
(.) , , , . 2005 , « », « , »[57]. , [58].
- Bombenholocaust (« ») . - « - »[59].
«The Daily Telegraph» 2005 : « ». , « ». « , , »[60].
, , , [61], , . .
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- « , » (1969) . , . . , (« », « »). , , .[62][63].
- . «».
- 1985 « », .
- 2006 ZDF (2- ) «Dresden The Inferno» (. (.)), . , , [64].
- « » (2007) 9/11 .
[]
2006 «. », , . . , 13 22:10 . , , , [42][65]
13 2010 , 5000 6700 ( 3000 ), , [66]. «Morgen Post» «Sächsische Zeitung» 20 25 , . « », , , , , 10 15 . , ( ) ( ) .[67][68]
[]
4 . [69] 629 713 ( ), 369 000 .
[]
- (18 2010). 21 2012.
- , 17.03.2010 (.) (PDF). 21 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Historical Analysis of the 14-15 February 1945 Bombings of Dresden (.). USAF Historical Division, Research Studies Institute, Air University. 14 2009.
- «The history of the raid by Gotz Bergander, first published in 1977, provided the most balanced account of the attack, but Bergander, though he thought there were grounds for regarding the city as a completely legitimate bombing target, found the means used were bizarrely out of proportion to any expected gain.» Addison, Paul & Crang, Jeremy A. (eds.) Firestorm: The Bombing of Dresden. Pimlico, 2006. . 126. ISBN 1-8441-3928-X
- . . - , № 21 (137) (0713 2006). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . . . 19391945 . . .: , 1956.
- «Following the deliberate leaking TB-47 by Goebbelss Propaganda Ministry, a third Swedish paper, Svenska Dagbladet, wrote on 25 February 1945 that according to the information compiled a few days after the destruction the figure is closer to 200,000 than to 100,000» Richard J. Evans {{{}}} = Telling Lies about Hitler: The Holocaust, History and the David Irving Trial. Verso, 2002. . 165. 326 . ISBN 1859844170
- 1 2 . . 3. . 260.
- Taylor, p. 181: «The degree of success achieved by the present Russian offensive is likely to have a decisive effect on the length of the war. We consider, therefore, that the assistance which might be given to the Russians during the next few weeks by the British and American strategic bomber forces justifies an urgent review of their employment to this end», «Strategic Bombing in Relation to the Present Russian Offensive» 25 1945
- Taylor, p. 181
- Taylor, p. 184185
- Taylor, p. 185. : «I asked [last night] whether Berlin, and now doubt other large cities in East Germany, should not now be considered especially attractive targets. I am glad that this is under consideration. Pray report to me tomorrow what is to be done».
- Taylor, p. 186
- Taylor, p. 217220
- Addison (2006), p. 27,28
- Ross (2003), p. 180. . Longmate (1983) p. 333.
- 1 2 3 RAF: Bomber Command: Dresden, February 1945 (( )). 21 2012. 14 2009.
- 1 2 Götz Bergander. = Dresden im Luftkrieg: Vorgeschichte-Zerstörung-Folgen. Munich: Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, 1977.
- 1 2 3 Richard J. Evans. [1] = The Bombing of Dresden in 1945: Misstatement of circumstances: low-level strafing in Dresden.
- Taylor, p. 497-8.
- Taylor, p. 408409
- Taylor, p. 262-4. , 200
- 'Following the deliberate leaking TB-47 by Goebbelss Propaganda Ministry, a third Swedish paper, Svenska Dagbladet, wrote on 25 February 1945 that according to the information compiled a few days after the destruction the figure is closer to 200,000 than to 100,000' Richard J. Evans. = Telling Lies about Hitler: The Holocaust, History and the David Irving Trial. Verso, 2002. . 165. 326 . ISBN 1859844170
- p. 75, Addison, Paul & Crang, Jeremy A., Pimlico, 2006
- Taylor, p. 424
- , 3 , 22 096 . p. 75, Addison, Paul & Crang, Jeremy A., Pimlico, 2006
- . // [2] = . . ., .: , , 1988.
- Foreword to the original edition of David Irving's famous bestseller: The Destruction of Dresden (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . // , № 12 (2771), 2004 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- Dresden Rebuilt // Time, Feb. 23, 1970 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . Penguin Books
- : // --, 21 2005 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- Obituary: Kurt Vonnegut // --, 12 2007 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . // , 2006, № 128 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . . . 19391945 . .: , 2006.
- Sven Felix Kellerhoff Bombardement 1945: Zahl der Dresden-Toten viel niedriger als vermutet // Die Welt, 1. Oktober 2008 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- Experten: 25.000 Luftkriegstote in Dresden // Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, 1. Oktober 2008 (.).( ) 15 2009.
- Pancevski B. Dresden bombing death toll lower than thought // The Telegraph, 3 Oct 2008 (.). 15 2009.
- Cleaver H. German ruling says Dresden was a holocaust // The Telegraph, 12 Apr 2005 (.). 15 2009.
- Rising D. Report: Dresden bombing killed fewer than thought // USA Today, Oct 1. 2008 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . // The Daily Telegraph, 11 2005 ( . (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- 1 2 . // , № 26, 16 2009
- . ( ) (.) (22 2006). 21 2012. 4 2009.
- Roy Akehurst. Bombing of Dresden (.). 21 2012. 4 2009.
- Taylor, p. 420-6.
- Taylor, p. 421.
- Taylor, p. 413.
- Longmate, p. 344.
- Longmate, p. 345.
- Taylor, p. 431.
- British Bombing Strategy in World War Two, Detlef Siebert, 2001-08-01, BBC History (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- Taylor, p. 430.
- Taylor, p. 432.
- Dresden: Time to Say Were Sorry by Simon Jenkins in the Wall Street Journal February 14, 1995, originally published The Times and The Spectator
- Gregory H. Stanton. How we can prevent genocide (.).( ) 15 2009.
- Christopher Hitchens. Was Dresden a war crime? // National Post, September 6, 2006 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- 13 60 // , 11 2005
- : // Repubblica, 9 2005] (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- // Lenta.ru, 2005/04/12] (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . «. » // --, 13 2005 (.). 21 2012. 15 2009.
- . // , 28 2008 (.) (28 2009). 21 2012. 5 2009.
- . // . Ru, 12 2007 (.). 17 2011. 15 2009.
- . , // , 2006 (.). 17 2011. 15 2009.
- David Crossland. German Film Recalls Dresden Bombing // Spiegel Online (.) (02/13/2006). 21 2012. 16 2009.
- . // , 9 2006 (.) ( 2006). . 31 2009.
- Olaf Sundermeyer (Der Spiegel, 13. Februar 2010): Bomben-Gedenken in Dresden: Neonazis scheitern mit Propagandamarsch
- «Morgen Post». 25 000 zeigen Gesicht gegen Rechts (.)
- «Sächsische Zeitung», Dresden hällt zusammen gegen Rechts. 15. Februar 2010 (.)
- Dresden-Lexikon, Population development
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- 1945 // / . . . . .: , 1979. . 3. 678 . ( 8- ). 105 000 .
- Frederick Taylor. Dresden: Tuesday, February 13, 1945. Harper Perennial, 2005. 560 . ISBN 0060006773
- Davis, Richard G. Bombing the European Axis powers : a historical digest of the combined bomber offensive, 1939-1945. Air University Press, 2006. 630 . ISBN 1-58566-148-1
- Paul Addison, Jeremy A. Crang. Firestorm: The Bombing of Dresden 1945. Pimlico, 2006. 260 . ISBN 184413928X
- Alexander McKee. Dresden 1945: The Devil's Tinderbox. Souvenir Press, 1982. 334 . ISBN 0285625152
- Stewart Halsey Ross. Strategic Bombing by the United States in World War II: The Myths and the Facts. McFarland, 2003. 244 . ISBN 078641412X
- . 12. // . . 1939-1945 . .: , 2006. 495 . ISBN 5-9524-2143-1
- . . . . // 1939-1945 . . .: , 1956. 550 .
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- British Military Aviation in 1945 Part 1 (.). . 10 2012. 6 2009.
- Historical Analysis of the 14-15 February 1945 Bombings of Dresden (.). USAF Historical Division Research Studies Institute, Air University. 6 2009.
- . // . : 2008. № 30 (619).
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- , 1945 (.). lord_k LiveJournal. 10 2012. 6 2009.
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