, [9], [9]. [10] . , , , [9].
, 1933 1939[11], 1939 1945 , [12]. .
|
|
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. 1904 « » (Deutscher Tabakgegnerverein zum Schutze der Nichtraucher). . « » (Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner) 1910 . . . 1920 « » (Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner in der Tschechoslowakei). (Bund Deutscher Tabakgegner in Deutschösterreich[13]
, . « » (Der Tabakgegner), 1912 1932. 1919 1935 « » (Deutsche Tabakgegner)[14]. [15]
[]
«»[12] « »[5], , « - »[17]. , , . , [5]. , [18].
, « » . , . , . [5].
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, , [6] , , , . (Werner Huttig) « » (. Rassenpolitisches Amt) ([19]), [20]. (Martin Staemmler), , , . (Agnes Bluhm) , , 1936 . , , .
[]
, , [9].
50- , [17][21][22]. « » (. Passivrauchen) [2]. , , , [23]. «- » (. Wissenschaftliches Institut zur Erforschung der Tabakgefahren) (. Karl Astel)[12][24]. , 1941 , [24] , , . . , .
, . (. Franz Buchner) , « »[20].
[]
[]
, , . , « » (Gesundes Volk), « » (Volksgesundheit) « » (Gesundes Leben)[23][25]. , . [23]. [6][23].
[10][21][26]. 1939 . (Reichsstelle für Rauschgiftbekämpfung) . « » (Die Genussgifte), « » (Auf der Wacht) « » (Reine Luft)[27]. « »[9][28].
[]
( : « !»[31]):
:
[]
7 1941 (Heinrich Hunke) [33]. , . [34], , , . [35].
[]
[]
1941 80-95 % . 25 [9].
[]
: 1933 1937 [11]. . , «» «»[9]. : [31]. , , . , . , Beyers Mode für Alle, . « » [32].
| 1930 | 1935 | 1940 | 1944 | |
| 490 | 510 | 1022 | 743 | |
| 1485 | 1564 | 1976 | 3039 | |
30- , . , 1939 1945 [9][12]. , 1944 , 23,4 % . , 30 , 4,4 % 0,3 %[9].
. , « » (. Volksgesundheit) « !» (. Gesundheitspflicht) , «» ( , .). «» «» (, .), [36].
, , , , [37]. 1943 . 160 000 . 1942 . 2,5 . 5 . [38].
[]
, [23], , [39]. , « » [23] « »[40]. « »[39]. , , « »[41]. , «» [39].
, . « » , , [41]. « » (Nordische Welt) 1941 « ». , [42].
[] 1945
. [43]. [7]. 1949 400 . 1954 . ; 1948 24 000 69 000 1949 . $70 . , [43]. : 460 1950 1 523 1963 . XX 1939-41 , [11].
[]
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- . . 1464k, . 1, . 30, . 17; . 1358k, . 1, . 52, . 206.
- . . 700k, . 1, . 74, . 15.
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- 1 2 Proctor 1999, p. 245
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