|
|
|||||
| : «Pula (. )» |
|||||
| : «Fatshe leno la rona» ( ) | |||||
| 30 1966 ( ) | |||||
% . |
47- 581 730[1] ² 2,6% |
||||
(2009) (2001) |
1 990 876[1] . (146-) 1 680 863 . 3,4 ./² (229-) |
||||
| () (2008) |
26,563 [2] $ (107-) 14 906[2] $ (61-) |
||||
| () (2010) |
12,501 [2] $ (114-) 6 796[2] $ (71-) |
||||
| (2007) | ▲ 0,694 (.) (125-) | ||||
| - | .bw | ||||
| +267 | |||||
| +2 | |||||
́ (. Botswana), ́ ́ (. Republic of Botswana, Lefatshe la Botswana) . , , - , , . 70 % .
|
|
[] -
[]
. 581 730 ², 566 730 ².[1] -- -- 1110 , -- -- 960 .[3] - (1840 ), (1360 ), - ( ) (813 )[1][4]. 4013 .[1]
[]
́ .[5] 33 °C, 22 °C, 18 °C 5 °C .[5] 22 27 °C, 14 16 °C, 22 °C, . , , , 1,5-2 °C.
460 , 127 - 635 -. ( ).[6] 60-80 % 30-40 % , 40-70 % 20-30 % [7]. , .[5]
[]
70 % . 8001000 , 1200 . (1489 ), (513 ).[1]
1200 , , . . .[8]
[]
, , , . . . , - , , - . .[6]
[]
. - 16 . ² ( 22 . ²). , . () ( 40 . ²). .
- , ; - , . , , . .[9]
2,9 ³ , 46 % . 90 % .[10]
[]
, , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , .[11]
- - .[11]
[]
́ - . - . « », . , . . , , , , , , , . , .[11]
- . : ( [12]), , , , , ( ), , , , (, , , , , , , ).[11]
( , ), , (, , , ). .[11]
, , , , -, , , , , , , , , , . 500 , 89 , 128 , 150 .[13]
[]
, , , 18 % .[10] :
[]
: 1981 18 % ,[11] 2005 53,6 %.[18] 20002005 2,2 %.[19] 199 600 (2004).[18] ( 2004 ): (89 100 ), (58 600 ), - (53 500 ), (47 000 ).[18]
[]
[]
, . , , XVIII . .[6] . . , .
-, . 190 . . , , . 420 . . , , ; VI .[6]
1095 , - : -, , , . ( ) ( ). .[6]
IX , , - .
XVI , , XVII , . : , -, , . 1826 , II. , . ( ), .[6]
[]
1840- , , , , , . . ( 18291892 ), , III ( 18721873, 18751923 ), , , ( ) .[6]
18671869 , - « » . 1880- - , , 1885 . 31 1885 , .[20] , .
, , () , - , 18951964 , .[6] . , .[6]
, .[6] , , , . 1951 , 1961 , , .
[]
, . 1964 ; 1965 , , 1966 . - , . 1980 , .
( , ). , 1969 . 1969 , . 1974 ( ) « » , . 1980 , 1992 ().[6]
- , . ( ), , « ». 1985 1986 15 . 1994 .[6]
1998 , . 1998 2400 , .[6] 2008 , - .[21]
[]
[]
[]
[]
. 61 , 57 4 . . . , .[1]
[]
[]
, « ». , 1966 , .[24] , ( 1960 ), (1966), (2003), (1998).
[]
2007 9 . , 94,4 % . (2005) 3,0 % 177 .[18] 18 . 2005 18 49 350 649 , 136 322 . , 18 , 21 103 .[1]
[]
.[11] 17 1966 .[25] .[26] , , « », , , 77, (), .[26] .
- (), - . - , . 1990- - . , [27]. / , [28].
[]
9 :[29].
28 .[30].
[]
[]
2 , 66,8 %, 14,8 %, 1,7 %, 1,4 %, () 1,3 %, 1,3 %, 12,7 %.[18] 3,2 ². 53,6 % (2005).[18]
(50,07 %) (49,93 %) (2007).[18] 35,8 % 15 , 33,7 % 15 29 , 16,3 % 30 44 , 8,7 % 45 59 , 3,9 % 60 74 , 1,2 % 75 84 , 0,4 % 85 (2007).[18] (2007): 51,6 (), 49,6 ().[18]
23,2 1000 (2007), 13,6 1000 (2007). 9,6 1000 (2007). (2007) 2,73 . 2007 23,9 % (1549 ) .[18]
587 882 (2001), 35,0 % . 57,6 % 15 64 , 43,8 % . 20 % (2004).[18]
[]
70 % ,[31] , .[31] , , , , , , , .[31]
2001 5 000 , 3 000 , 700 .[31] 6 % . 20 % .[31]
[]
. , :[32].
- 150 . (2004) - , . .
- 40 . (2004).
- 31 . (2006) - , , , , .
- 20 . (2006) , ( ), .
- 20 . (2004) - .
- 20 . (2004) - .
- 17 . (2006) - .
- 15 . (2004) .
- 15 . (2004).
- 14 . (2004).
- 11 . (2004).
- 10 . (2004) .
[]
. 1970- , . 19661997 ( 9,2 %), . 2000 7,7 %, 10 %.[33] 2004 7 %.[1] , .[33]
10 991 (2007), 5840 , 12 420 .[18] (20052006) 21 697 300 000 , 20 122 200 000 .[18] 23,8 %, 40 %.[1]
, ( ):[18]
- (2007): 93 000 , 33 000 , 17,500, 12 000 , 7 000 .
- (2007): 3 100 ., 1 960 . , 300 . , (2005) 765 750 ³, (2005) 132 .
- (2006): 255 677 , ( ) 38 000 , ( ) 24 300 , 34 293 000 .
- (2004): 50 , (1997) 33 , 12 , 2 .
| 2004-2005 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| , | , % | , % | ||
| 994 | 2,2 | 55 300 | 9,9 | |
| 14 767 | 33,3 | 13 099 | 2,3 | |
| 1 787 | 4,0 | 38 968 | 7,0 | |
| 2 356 | 5,3 | 58 572 | 10,5 | |
| 1 214 | 2,7 | 3 837 | 0,7 | |
| 1 566 | 3,5 | 15 213 | 2,7 | |
| , | 5 168 | 11,7 | 73 837 | 13,2 |
| 5 279 | 11,9 | 30 061 | 5,4 | |
| , | 6 885 | 15,5 | 69 960 | 12,5 |
| 1 711 | 3,9 | 86 299 | 15,4 | |
| 2 600 | 5,9 | 113 607 | 20,3 | |
| 44 327 | 100,0 | 558 753 | 100,0 | |
[]
, 2000 33 % , 45 % 75 % . , .[34] . 1971 De Beers.[33] 2006 34 293 . .[18] - , , , , .[33]
, [35] , 4 % .[18] 1990- 3,8 %. , , , , . , , .[35]
[]
0,7 % .[36] . . , , , . 2007 33 000 12 000 ,[18] 10 % . , 2001 174 198 53 . .[36] , . , .[36]
, ́ , .[37]
[]
, , Botswana Power Corporation, 1970 . ( 123 ) - (60 ).[38]
2000 500 ·, 1972 15 , 1500 ·.[38] 2005 912 ·, 2 602 ·.[18] 1990- , .[11] , , 888 . 1998 [38], 962 . 2006 .[18]
[]
888 (2002), 106 -, 747 - (2001).[18] 641 , , , . 71 - - . 1991 165 , - .[39] Botswana Railways.[40]
24 455 , 33 % .[18] , .[39] 2005 82 056 , 74 387 .[18]
2001 92 , 10 - . Air Botswana , , -. , .[39] 96 -, 300 . -.[18]
1000 758 [41] 78 (2007), 49 (2005), 43 (2007).[18]
[]
2000 313 ,[42] 2006 537 .[18] , , . 1999 2100 3720 . 1999 843 314 , 720 000 .[42] 2003 129 , 125 , 50 .[42]
[]
1976 , . 100 . 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 1 1, 2, 5, 10 20 .
[]
(2005): 3 247 000 ( 16,3 %, , 13,7 %, 13,3 %, 12,5 %, 11,9 %). : 85,1 %, 6,5 %, 1,5 %.[18]
(2005): 4 395 000 ( 75,1 %, - 10,3 %, 5,0 %, 1,7 %). : 77,0 % ( 75,7 %), 9,0 %, 4,1 %.[18]
[]
[]
- , 4 500 10 ².[43] (, , ), , .
, , , .[44]
, (Hyphaene petersiana), .[44] ( , - ), ( , ), , .[44]
[]
, , XIX . , , . . , . , . , « » « ». , .[45]
[]
, . -, , .[46] , , , , , , , .[47] -, .[48]
: ( ), , ( ), , , ( ), ( ), , , , , , .[11]
[]
1967 21 , 160 . , 65 . . (250 . ) (20 . ).[50]
[]
| [51] | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | (2 ) | New Years Day / Ngwaga o mosha |
| Good Friday / Labotlhano yo o molemo | ||
| Easter Monday | ||
| Ascension Day / Tlhatlogo | ||
| 1 | Sir Seretse Khama Day | |
| 3- | ( ) | Presidents Day |
| 30 | Independence Day / Boipuso | |
| 25 | ( ) | Christmas / Keresemose |
[]
, , , . 1980 , . , , , .[52]
1970 , 1978 .[53] , «» «», , .[54]
[]
[]
(2005) 78,6 % 15 , 78,6 %, 84,1 %.[18]
XIX . 1961 , 70 % . 19851994 , 1999 84 % , 59 % . , .[55] , . .[56]
, .[56]
| ( 6-13 ) | 773 | 12 717 | 328 692 | 25,8 |
| ( 14-18 ) | 278 | 10 620 | 225 526 | 21,2 |
| 1 | 1 | 796 | 15 720 | 19,7 |
1
[]
. . , .[57] 2006 526 (1 3 346 ), 3 911 - (1 450 ).[18] (2006) 7,2 % .[58]
2007 23,9 % (15-49 ) /,[18] 26 . (2001),[59] . , 1999 702 100 . , 2000 17 % .[59]
[]
, , , .[60] 2000 Botswana Television (BTV), Gaborone Television, GBC (Gaborone Broadcasting Company).[60] Radio Botswana Yarona FM, Gabz FM, Duma FM.[60]
. Daily News, Botswana Guardian, Botswana Gazette, Mmegi/The Reporter, Sunday Standard, The Midweek Sun, The Voice. Botswana Press Agency (Bopa).[60]
[]
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CIA. Botswana. The World Factbook (2009). 3 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 Botswana. International Monetary Fund. 22 2011. 1 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Location, size, and extent (.). 1 2009.
- // . . : . . 352-353. 656 . ISBN 985-437-085-2
- 1 2 3 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Climate (.). 1 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Britannica. Botswana (.). 22 2011. 1 2009.
- Department of Meteorological Services Botswana Climate (.). 28 2012. 26 2012.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Topography (.). 1 2009.
- Maps of World. Botswana Rivers (.). 22 2011. 4 2009.
- 1 2 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Environment (.). 2 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 . (.). 22 2011. 1 2009.
- Botswana Tourism Board Elephant (.). 28 2012. 26 2012.
- GNF Okavango Delta - Botswana (.). 22 2011. 13 2010.
- Central Kalahari Game Reserve (.). Department of Wildlife and National Parks. 19 2012. 22 2012.
- Botswana Tourism Board. Central Kalahari Game Reserve (.). 28 2012. 26 2012.
- Botswana Tourism Board. Chobe National Park (.). 28 2012. 26 2012.
- Botswana Tourism Board. Moremi Game Reserve (.). 28 2012. 26 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Britannica. World data: Botswana (.). 1 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Population (.). 3 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana History (.). 6 2009.
- . . 22 2011. 6 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Judicial system (.). 5 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Local government (.). 5 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Political parties (.). 5 2009.
- - (.). 22 2011. 1 2009.
- 1 2 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana International cooperation (.). 1 2009.
- Robert K Hitchcock. Water resource use and management in the Okavango system of southern Africa: the political economy of state, community and private resource control (.). 22 2011. 22 2010.
- The Court finds that Kasikili/Sedudu Island forms part of the territory of Botswana (.). International Court of Justice. 22 2011. 22 2010.
- Gwillim Law Districts of Botswana (.). Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids"). 22 2011. 1 2009.
- Gwillim Law Sub-districts of Botswana (.). Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids"). 22 2011. 1 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Botswana (.) (September 14, 2007). 22 2011. 1 2009.
- Ethnologue.com. Languages of Botswana (.). 1 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Economy (.). 4 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Mining (.). 4 2009.
- 1 2 Encyclopedia of Nations Botswana Industry (.). 4 2009.
- 1 2 3 Encyclopedia of Nations Botswana Agriculture (.). 2 2009.
- Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Animal husbandry (.). 4 2009.
- 1 2 3 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Energy and power (.). 4 2009.
- 1 2 3 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Transportation (.). 4 2009.
- Botswana Tourism Board. Transport in Botswana (.).( ) 4 2009.
- .
- 1 2 3 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Tourism, travel, and recreation (.). 4 2009.
- Unesco. Tsodilo (.). 22 2011. 4 2009.
- 1 2 3 Botswana Tourism Board. Arts and Crafts (.).( ) 4 2009.
- Maps of World. Botswana Literature (.). 22 2011. 4 2009.
- Maps of World. Botswana Music (.). 22 2011. 4 2009.
- Maps of World. Folk Music Botswana (.). 22 2011. 4 2009.
- Maps of World. Modern Music Botswana (.). 22 2011. 4 2009.
- Botswana Tourism Board. The National Museum and Art Gallery (.).( ) 4 2009.
- 1 2 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Libraries and museums (.). 4 2009.
- Public Holidays in Botswana (.). World Travel Guide. 22 2011. 22 2010.
- Maps of World. Botswana Sports (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
- FIFA. Botswana (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
- Maps of World. Botswana National Football Team (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
- Encyclopedia of nations. Botswana Education (.). 5 2009.
- 1 2 Maps of World. Botswana Education (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
- Maps of World. Botswana Hospitals (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
- WHO. Botswana (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
- 1 2 Encyclopedia of Nations. Botswana Health (.). 5 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 BBC. Country profile: Botswana (.). 22 2011. 5 2009.
[]
| «» | |
| ? | |
| Botswana ? | |
| ? |
- The Government of Botswana
- Botswana Tourism Board
- Bank of Botswana
- Botswana Gazette
- Botswana Central Statistical Office
| - - - - - - - | |
| - - - - 1 - | |
| 1 | |
| . |


