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DC Comics
Detective Comics №27
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1939 Action Comics National Publications (.). ( DC Comics) . -. , , :

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, , , , [9][10][11][12],   ,   , . , The Phantom (. )  1936 , , [13].

, 1930-   , , , , . , « » 1920 «ظ » 1930 ,   pulp- 30- , [14].

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. 1960-  , . 1970-, created by (. []) , -, created by Bob Kane (. ) .

, . 1960- , . Batman №169 1965   . , . : « - . , , »[15]. 1974 DC Comics , .

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1965 , , « , , ». , , , . , «-», , , «» - [17]. 1989 , :

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Detective Comics №27 ( 1939 ), ,  

, The Case of the Chemical Syndicate (. ), Detective Comics №27 1939 . pulp-, , . 1940 , Detective Comics. National Publications , - [19]. Worlds Finest Comics (. ), Worlds Best Comics (. ) 1940 . .

  , . , , , [20]. , , Detective Comics №29 1939 ,   , ,   , ,  №31. №33 1939 . , , . , , , [21][22][23].

, pulp-, , . Detective Comics №38 1940   [24]. , , «», [25]. , , , [26]. - -, ,   -.   [27].

1942 [28]. DC Comics ,   , . , 1940 . , - [29].

[] 1950  1960-

  19401950- ,

1950- , [30]. The Mightiest Team in the World (. ) Superman №76 1952 , . Worlds Finest Comics, , , , , . 1986 .

 (.). « » (. Seduction of the Innocent), 1954 . , , , . , . , « », , [31]. , , [32]. , Comics Code Authority (.)., [33][34], , , . DC -  1956     1961 [35].

1950- - , DC, [36]. , -  -  -, . 1960 , The Brave and the Bold №2, ,   .

[]

( ) ( ) 1966 . , ,

1964 . , DC «» [37], . , Detective Comics №327 1964 . , . ,   . 1960-, , , , , - .   , [38].

«» 1966 -. , 900 000 [39]. , . 1968 , .

1969 , , ,   « Ҹ »[40]. , DC, , [41].

The Secret of the Waiting Graves (. ) Detective Comics №395 1970 . , ,   , [42]. : « , , .   ». , .   , №471476 1977 1978 , «» 1989 1992 . 1980- , 1985 [43].

[]

  1986 - Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (. : Ҹ ), . , , , , [44].

  , - . DC, 50-   , DC Comics «» . , , . Batman: Year One (. : ) Batman №404407   1987 , . , Batman: The Killing Joke (. : ), , , , , , [45].

1988 , , [46]. , 28 , , Batman: A Death in the Family (. : )[47]. , , . ,   « » , « » « » . : «: » 2005 «Ҹ » 2008 . 1989 Legends of the Dark Knight (. Ҹ ), 1940 [48].

1993 Batman: Knightfall (. : )   , . , - , ,  . 1990- , . 1998 Batman: Cataclysm (. : ), 1999 Batman: No Man's Land (. : ), , 1986 , . , .

[] 2000  

1990- , . -  The Long Halloween (. ) Dark Victory (. Ҹ ), , , ( ), , , , . 2003   Batman: Hush (. : ) . - , «» , . , , , , . , « » ( , Marvel Comics, ): « , , »[49]. , . , Diamond Comic Distributors (.)., 1993 , Batman №500. Under the Hood (. ), .

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2005 All-Star Batman and Robin (. ), DC, . , , [50][51] [52][53].

2006   Batman Detective Comics  . 1950-   , . Batman R.I.P. (. , ), «׸ », .   Final Crisis (. ), . 2009 Batman: Battle for the Cowl (. : , «»  ), , , , .   , [54][55]. 2009 , Batman and Robin (. )[56].

2011 ( ): Detective Comics Batman, 1939 1940 ; Catwoman (. -), 2010 ; Batman and the Outsiders (. ), 2011 ; 2009 Batman and Robin (. ), Gotham City Sirens (. ), Red Robin (. )[57]; Birds of Prey (. ), 2010 , [58]; , 2011 : Batman: The Dark Knight (. : Ҹ ) ( 2)[59], Batman Incorporated (. )[60], Batwoman (. )[61], The All New Batman: The Brave and the Bold (. : ), «: »[62], Batman Beyond (. )[63]. «» DC Comics Flashpoint (. ), The New 52, 52 , . , [64]. , 2011 :

Batman Incorporated, 2012 Leviathan (. )[66].

[]

70 , , DC. , , , «» , 1986 . 1990- , «», ; , [67].

, « » , . , , , . , . , ,   , , [68].

[]

Detective Comics №27 1939 [69]. №33, №46. , 19 [70]   , , , .     , . . , , , , , . , « », . , , «»[71].

, « » , . , ,   , . [72]   [73]. , [74].     , , .

[]

DC 1956   . , 1960- -   , , Detective Comics №327, 1964 , .

1960- , -2,   -1, , , , . -2, Superman Family №211 , - -2    , .   -2  , , . , , DC: . -1 ,   , Batman №208 1969 [75][76]. 1980 Untold Legend of the Batman (. ), .

, , 1954 Worlds Finest Comics 1986 . , , , . Brave and the Bold №28. 1970- Brave and the Bold Batman, .

1969 , . Wayne Enterprises , . 1970- 1980- , . , . , ,   -    , ,   . 1980- [3].

Brave and the Bold № 200 1983 . Batman and the Outsiders №32 1986 , .

[]

  , , :

Crisis on Infinite Earths (. ) . 1986 , Batman №404407, [77]. -2 , /-1, , -1 .   , , , . , ,   [78].   , , . , , 1987 . , , DC 1989 Legends of the Dark Knight (. Ҹ ), - , 1986 .

1988 , Batman №426429, , . 1990-   , [79]. 2005 «» , .

1990- -. 1993 DC Death of Superman (. ), Knightfall (. ). Knightfall , , . Knightfall   , , Ҹ . Knights End (. ), , , . , , , [80].

1994 Zero Hour: Crisis in Time (. : ) DC - , , . . Year Two (. ).

1996 , JLA. , . 1998 . , , 1999 No Mans Land (. ).

1990- Batman: Officer Down (. : ) Batman: War Games/War Crimes (. : / ). , , , ׸ .   , , , , Wayne Enterprises.     Bruce Wayne: Murderer? (. : ?) Bruce Wayne: Fugitive (. : ). ,   , , « ». , , Superman/Batman №16: .

2005 Identity Crisis (. ) , , , . . , Tower of Babel (. ) JLA , . , , , . DC  Infinite Crisis (. ), DC . Infinite Crisis №7 -   , . , , , Zero Hour: Crisis in Time. ,   , , - .

, Face to Face (. ) . 52   [81][82]. , , , .

52 [83]. , Batman & Son (. )     . - , [84][85].

2008 Batman R.I.P. (. , ) . «׸ » . , , . DC Last Rites (. ), , -   , .   ,   , . , , , .

- Battle for the Cowl (. ) , , [86]. , , [87].

Blackest Night (. ) ׸ , ׸ , [88]. , , «»   . ׸ . , - , , , [89]. , , ,  , «». , , , , [90][91].

Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne (. : ), , , -[92][92][93][94]. : , , , , .

Ҹ , , . Batman, Incorporated (. ) «» , , Wayne Enterprises .

[] «» The New 52

«» 52- DC 2011 , - , . .

[]

, ,  , , [95]. , . , : « Detective,   Brave and the Bold, , , ». , , , [96].

. , , , « , »[97]. , , . . , , , . [98]. , , .

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Batman №613 (, 2003), : . , ,

  . , , , , , , [99].   Wayne Enterprises, . , , , , Wayne Foundation, [100]. , -. , ,   , .

, . , . «» , [101], , «» [102]. «Batman Unmasked» (. ) , [103].

, ,   , , , ,   , . Unleashing the Superhero in Us All (. ) [104].

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, , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , Ҹ , . , .

IGN , . «» , , «»,   . :

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DC , , . , [105]. :   1990-, , [106], ;   2008 , , [107], . - , , [108][109]. Batman: Battle for the Cowl (. : )   , .

DC , . 1986   -2, -1. «» . -10   [110], -12  , « »[111]. - (. Owlman, . -)  -. Elseworlds Batman: Dark Knight Dynasty (. : Ҹ ), : , , , , . -30 (Superman: Red Son) Batmankoff , -, . - Flashpoint, , , , , , , . ; , [112], .

[]

, , . , , . , .
Superman/Batman №3 2003 [113].

, , . «» , , Detective Comics №27 1939 . .   , , .   [114], , , , , « ».   - , , .

[115]. , , , , - ;     , - , , . , , 1989 .

,   , , Worlds Finest Comics Superman/Batman. , 1986 , , , .

,   , , , , - ,   - . , -  -2 . , , , - . , « » , - , .

  , , . , . , ,   , [116].

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, , -, , . , , [114]. « »   , -, , « » , [28].   -, , , , , , , .

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, , [24]. [117]. , JLA, « », , [118] . . , DC, , , . , , .

. IQ 192, . , : , , , , , , , ; : , , ; .

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1966 , - Lincoln Futura
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[119]. , , , , , , .   -, -[119],   , . -, , -. , « »[120]. , , , . Ƹ 1964 « » , S [121].   , ,   . : « , , . , - »[122].

, . Detective Comics №29 / 1939 ,     №31[123][124]. , [125]. , . «-», , , , , , .

. , , . . 1950- , ,  -[126].

- , , ,   , , . Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne (. : ) XIX , Batman: Shadow of the Bat (. : ) 2005 «: » , [127][128]. , , , , .

[]

[]

1943 , . , , 1943 1946 [129][130].

- , . 1989 «», . The Guardian , , , , , , [131]. Forbes , $ 5,8 [132], BusinessWeek [133]. Entertainment Weekly -[134], 1989 100 AFI[135]. Detective Comics №27 . 2010 , CGC 7 10, $1 075 000[136].

. atman Unmasked: Analyzing a Cultural Icon (. : ), , , . , , , .   , , [137].

[]

, , , . , 25 1943 [138].   « (.).», , , . , , , 1945 [139]. , « », 1949 , . 1940- , , « »[139].

1964 Come Back, Dr. Caligari (. , ) The Jokers Greatest Triumph (. ), , [140].

«» 1966 ABC. -, - . Back to the Batcave (. )   , . 120 , , 1968 - , . 1966 . The Kinks, [141][142].   «  (.).»[143],   « / (.).» « - (.).», 1968 1977 . 1973 1986 «- (.).», ,   . 1999 «  (.).», , Warner Bros. , , «: »[144][145].

1989 «», . 1989 , [146].   « » 1992 , « » 1995 1997 . , . , Warner Bros. , .

1992 «», Warner Bros. Animation, DC. - «: » 1993 , , , « », « » « », . 2004 «», , 2008   «: », .

, direct-to-video , (« », « : ») («/: », «: »), -, « », («: »). , DC. , «Batman Dracula (.).», 1964 [147], CGI- , 2004 , [148], , «Robin's Big Date (.).» 2005 [149].

«Ҹ »

2005   «: » , 2008   , «Ҹ », [150] 2011 , [151]. , «Ҹ : », 2012 .

2002 , , , [152], , , «Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose» - , [153]. 2011 «Batman Live World Tour». , , , , [154]. 1986 ZX Spectrum Amstrad CPC[155][156]. , , Batman: Arkham City, 2011 [157].

DC Comics , DC. 2000 Batman: Child of Dreams (. : ), ,   Batman: Dark Mask (. : Ҹ ) Bat-Manga!: The Secret History of Batman in Japan (. -!: ) [158][159]. , , The Batman Handbook: The Ultimate Training Manual (. : , ISBN 1-59474-023-2) , The Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook (. ), « », « », « » . , , [160].

, . 1940 DC , Hasbro Mattel. , , [161][162].

. « »: Batman: The Ride (.). , ; The Dark Knight Coaster ; Batman and Robin: The Chiller ; Gotham City , Batman: The Ride, Batman: The Riddler's Revenge (.). . Warner Bros.  -, [163][164][165].

[]

, 24 Batman #84 ( 1954 )

. « », . , , . ,   [166].

̸ 1991 , , , , , [167].

, , . , . , , , . , , , [168]. « », , , « , »[169]. , 1966 , Boy Wonder: My Life in Tights (. -: ), [170].

. 2000 , DC Comics Batman №79, 92, 105 139, All in the Family: Homophobia and Batman Comics in the 1950s[171]. 2005 , [172]. DC , , [173].

2012 Out « »[174]. Playboy «, », , :

« , , . , . , , . [] [].[175] »

[]

,   Detective Comics Batman, , , . 60[176],   7000[177], .

[]

, :

1987 [178] Dark Knight №1
Dark Knight
Dark Knight
Dark Knight, ,
1989 [179] Batman: The Killing Joke
Batman: The Killing Joke,
1992 Batman: Judgement on Gotham,
1994 Batman Adventures: Mad Love
1995 Batman Adventures Holiday Special
1996 Batman & Robin Adventures
Batman: Manbat
1997 Batman: Black and White
«Heroes», Batman: Black & White
1998 Batman & Robin Adventures
Batman & Superman Adventures: Worlds Finest
1999 Batman: The Long Halloween
Batman: The Gotham Adventures
() Batman: The Long Halloween
2000 Batman: War on Crime,
Batman: No Mans Land, Batman: Harley Quinn, Batman: War on Crime,
2002 () Batman: Dark Victory
2003 () Batman: Black and White
2004 () Batman Adventures: Dangerous Dames and Demons
2007 Batman: Year 100
1989 Harvey Award // , , Batman: The Killing Joke[180]
( ) Batman: The Killing Joke[180]
1998 Batman Black & White[181]

[]

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