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. 6065 . , . 410473, 385460, 441,2 432,3 . 11001560, 7981315, 1383 1085 . 1,401,50 .
, , . , . - . ; , , . . . . , . , , , . , . , .
. .
15 69 .
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:
- C. c. corax ( ) , , , ; .
- C. c. varius .
- C. c. subcorax , , , .
- C. c. tingitanus , ( ), -; .
- C. c. tibetanus ( ), .
- C. c. kamtschaticus .
- C. c. principalis .
- C. c. sinuatus , .
- . . laurencei , , , , - , .
- . . hispanus , , .
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2 : - , . .
1948 . . 15 (6 , 4 -, 2 , 1 , 1 1 ). 12 1995 , ( (en:Astrid Andreasen)).[2]
- C. c. subcorax
C. c. laurencei, , 1873 Hume , , subcorax, (Corvus ruficollis)
- C. c. tingitanus
C. c. canariensis.
. , , , . .
- C. c. tibetanus
. . . .
- C. c. kamtschaticus
C. c. corax C. c. principalis, .
- C. c. principalis
, , , .
- . . laurencei
, , C. c. corax, C. c. tingitanus.
- . . hispanus
C. c. corax, .
- C. c. sinuatus [3]
, . . principalis. , - - ( Revillagigedo[4] ). . . sinuatus, . . clarionensis.
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. , . .
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, . 4070 , , , . , 1012 . , 3 7 . , 50200 . , , . , , , , 2025 .
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, . , . . , , , , , , . ( ), , , , , (, , , . .). , , ( 35 %), (41 %), (25 %), (28 %) .
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2 . . 34 ( ), 10 ( ); . , ( ) . , . , . (); , 17 .
, . , . : , ( ); . . . ( ); 2000 ; , , 17002300 , - 1600 .
; , , (10 ), (6 ), (2 ); : 8090 , 200 ; 20,4 ; , , 28,4 . , ( 20 ) . , , .
. , . ; ; - . , , ; 27 ; 17 . , - . , ; . , 3 , 23 . , , ( ; ). ( 12 ). 15 14 . , ( , 30° ) ; .
46, 3 7. 12 . 49,7×33,4 . - - . , , . 2- 3- , 1921 . , , , . , .
(, , , ), () ( ; ). 22 7 (). .
, , . . . . ( ); .
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«» «», .
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; , - , . , [5].
, : - (, ) . , . , [6].
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[7]. [8]. , , , [8]. , [8]. [8]. , , , [8]. , , [8].
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- ,
- - ́ («» «»)
- , -
- ́ (1 17:4), ( 5:11)
- , , ,
- «The Three Ravens», «Twa Corbies» ́, ,
- «The Raven» () .
- « »
- The Scorpions «Yellow raven»
- «» -
- « »
- - Therion "Raven Of Dispersion" Vovin
- The Crow, , -
- ́ ́ -
- «Raven Claws» - Moonspell Irreligious
- ""
- " " -.
[]
[]
- . ., . . . . , , , , . / . . . . .: . ., «», 1994. . 469. 2030 . ISBN 5-200-00643-0
- en:Pied Raven
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of European Birds: An Essential Guide to Birds of Europe. MobileReference, 2008.
- en:Revillagigedo Islands
- (.). Membrana (16 2011). 2 2011.
- (.). Membrana (30 2011). 2 2011.
- PBS Nature: The Bird in Black. Public Broadcasting Service. 7 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 . 25 2012.
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- / . . . . . . 5. .: , 1954.
- .. - - ( ) // . .
- Roger Tory Peterson, Virginia Marie Peterson.A Field Guide to Feeder Birds: Eastern and Central North America.- Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000.- 88
- Allan O. Hume.The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds. READ BOOKS, 2006. P.1
- Kenn Kaufman,Rick Bowers,Nora Mays Bowers.Kaufman Field Guide to Birds of North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005. P. 278
- Thomas Claverhill Jerdon.The birds of India. Printed for the Author by the Military Orphan Press, 1863. P. 293
- John Ramsay MacKinnon,Karen Phillipps,Fen-qi He.A field guide to the birds of China . Oxford University Press, 2000. P. 273
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