́ ́ ́ ́ ( ) . () : , , , . , , : , , , , , , . .
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | |||||||||||
| 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne |
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(Li) 3, : 6Li 7Li. -, . 0.564 /3. .[1] -7, 7Li, 92,5% . .[2] -6, 6Li, , . , .[2] Li+.
, Li , , . 33 ,[3] 20 70 ,[4] - . - , , .[4] .
.[5][6] , , .[7] Li2CO3, Li3C6H5O7, Li2SO4 LiC5H3N2O4·H2O. , , , , , .[1]
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(Be) 4, 9Be. , , , - , 1,85 /3.[8] . 9Be, 4 5 . 100% , , . Be2+.
, , , . 100 4000 , Be4Si2O7(OH)2, Al2Be3Si6O18, Al2BeO4 Be2SiO4. , . , , , , , .[8]
, , , .[8] , - .[9] .[8] , , .[8] ().[10]
1 . , .[11] , , . 1% - 15% , , . , , , . , , , .[12]
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(B) 5, 10B 11B. , . , . , , . : α- β-, 12 106,7 , 50- . 2.343.[13] 11B (80,22% ), 5 6 . 10B (19,78%) 5 5 .[14] , . 1, 2, 3 4.[15][16][17] , , . , Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O Na2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O.[13] . B2O3. B(OH)3, . BBr3 , .[13] : Na2B4O7 · 5H2O, ; , , , ; H3BO3 , ; Na2B4O7 · 10H2O , ; , -10 .[14]
, , , , .[18][19] 1.0 . 0.8 . , , 1.8 .[14] (.). 2.1-4.3 .[20] .[21]
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(C) 6, 12C, 13C 14C.[22] , , , , .[22] , - , . , . , , , , . , «» C60, . , . , .[22] , .[23] , , .[24][25] 12C (98,9% ).[26] 13C (1,1%).[26] 14C , 5730 . .[27] . -4, -2, +2 +4.[22]
, ,[28] [29] .[30] , , C .[31][32] ,[31] , . , . , , .[31][32] ,[32] , , , , , . , , . , , (), .[32]
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(N) 14,00674. , , 78,08% . 1772 .[33] : -14 -15.[34]
, , , ( , ) , . , , N2 . , , .
, , . , . , , , ( ). , .[35]
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(O) 8, 16O, 17O and 18O, 16O.[36]
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(F) 9, 19F.[37]
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(Ne) 10, 20Ne, 21Ne and 22Ne.[38]
[]
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | H | He | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | ||||||||||
| 7 | Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Uut | Uuq | Uup | Uuh | Uus | Uuo | ||||||||||
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