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ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi |
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27160[1] |
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| 7.7597: |
143 |
| ISO 639-1: | |
| ISO 639-2: |
haw |
| ISO 639-3: |
haw |
| . : : | |
(Ōlelo Hawaii) , . , , . 1 . , , . ; ( ), . .
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|
[]
«», «», Wiki . «», , «-» .
[]
XIX . , . , , 1822 , 1834 . , , , . 1898 , . , , . , , ( 96 . ., 2005). , , .
, «Owhyhee» «Owhyee». O Hawaiʻi, ' '. 1822, Hawaiian Language ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, ' ' ( ).
[]
- . , , . , .
. , 200 -- , - 5 . . , . , . , «» lani, ra"i langi, ; «» lima, rima, nima; «» hoe, hoe, fohe; «» "uku, "utu, kutu. - langit, lima, besay, kutu.
[]
- . , , , 2005 , 20 27 , 1 500 . . .
- 1900 . 37 000 .
- 1778 500 000 .
- 1984 , 8 244 ; 72 809 50 % 99 % ; 127 523 50 % .
- . : ka:la: '', Kalikimaka ''.
- ( [Websters New International Dictionary of the English Language] 200 , , aa ' ', aloha ', , ', hukilau ' ', hula '' ( ), kanaka '' ( , ) .)
- : Punana Leo ( 2 , 800 ). . , . 1838 .
[]
- . , , (, , ).
- :
- Ua hele 'oe? (PERF) go you («Where did you go?»)
- Puu-o-Manoa hill () manoa («hill of Manoa»)
- ka honu (..) turtle («the turtle»), nā honu (..) turtle («the turtles»)
- :
-
- :
- he kanaka person («a person») vs ke kanaka person («the person»)
- liu turn («to turn»), hā-liu turn («cause to turn»)
- :
He kanaka maikaʻi ia person good s/he («She is a good person»)
- VSO (--).
- : he aha kela mea is what that thing «What is that thing?»
- SVO (--): ʻaʻole ʻoia e puka ana ' '
[]
| Aa | Ee | Ii | Oo | Uu | Hh | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Pp | Ww | |
| /a/ | /e/ | /i/ | /o/ | /u/ | /h/ | /k/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /p/ | /w/ | /ʔ/ |
[]
[]
| i | u | iː | uː | |
| ɛ | o | eː | oː | |
| ɐ | aː | |||
. , . : a a, á; e é; i i, í; o ó; u ú
[]
| m | n | |||
| p | t | k | ʔ | |
| h | ||||
| w ~ v | I |
- [p, k, h, l, m, n] , .
- w 1) [v] i e 2) [w] o u 3) [v] [w] a
[]
| /u/ | /i/ | /o/ | /e/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /i/ | iu | |||
| /o/ | ou | oi | ||
| /e/ | eu | ei | ||
| /a/ | au | ai | ao | ae |
/iu, ou, oi, eu, ei, au, ai, ao, ae/ .
| /u/ | /i/ | /o/ | /e/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /o/ | oːu | |||
| /e/ | eːi | |||
| /a/ | aːu | aːi | aːo | aːe |
[]
- , «alóha» (', ')
- , nanā (nanáa).
[]
: (C)V. : kanáka ''. .
wū ( , ): Wulekake ( Vulegate) (''), wulekula ( vuletura ''),
[]
| , | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| kēia | kēlā | kēnā | |
| kēia mau | kēlā mau | kēnā mau |
- (, ), , ( ). : kaua ( , 1 , ) maua ( , 1 , )
- : kino ʻō (o-) kino ʻā (a-).
- , « », , inoa '', puʻuwai '', hale ''. , (kaʻa '', lio ''), , , , (noho '', ʻeke '', lole ''), (makuahine '').
- , . , , waihoʻoluʻu '' ( kaʻu waihoʻoluʻu punahele ' '). , (ipo) .
- (, , ). :
- 1) .
- : -ka ke, ; na, ; he, ;
- 2) .
- : i ia, «», «», «», ; o, ; a, ;
- 3) .
- : e, / ; e (++) ana, ; ua i, .
- 1) .
-
-
-
- :
-
-
ka ( , K, E, A, O) ka wahine , ka hale
ke ( K, E, A, O, ) ke kane , ke keiki , ke aloha
na , ( ..) na kane , na keiki , na wahine , na hale
he he kane , he keiki , he hale , he wahine
, .
-
-
-
- :
-
-
a ,
a ,
ae ,
aku *
e 1) 2) (? ?)
i, ia , , ,
iho
ma , ,
mai *,
no / na -,
o ,
. : Kú`ai mai wau kéia ' '
-
-
-
- - , . :
-
-
e / ; e (++) ana ; ua i ; ke (++) nei ; ke . : ua noho ''
[]
- . : ka hale liʻiliʻi ' '. , , : kou hale ' '.
-
- Ua hele ke kanaka i Maui (PERF) go () man to Maui («The man went to Maui»)
- , , . : e hele i ke kula - ' ', «» .
[]
(Elbert & Pukui(1979)), . :
, . XIX . , , , . , . «Da Jesus Book», .
:
Eh, howzit? Wassamattah you? Cannah talk da kine?
', ? ? ?'
[] .
[]
[]
- / . . . ., ., 1990
- Samuel K. Elbert, Mary Kawena Pukui. Hawaiian Grammar. The University Press of Hawaii, 1979
[]
- .
- Hawaii Ólelo Hopuna
- Ethnologue.com
- To-Hawaii.com
- Hawaiian Language enciclopedia
- WALS Hawaiian
- Hawaiian Grammar by Samuel H. Elbert and Mary Kawena Pukui
- 2005
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. , . |
