, -
| Üzeyir Hacıbəyov |
||||||
 1924 |
||||||
|
- |
||||||
|
||||||
́ ́-́ ́ ́ (. Üzeyir bəy Əbdülhüseyn oğlu Hacıbəyov; 1885 1948), [1] , , , , , (1938).
(1945), (1940), (19281929, 19391948), (19381948), 1- 2- (1937, 1941). () 1938 . , , [2][3].
|
|
[]
6 (18) 1885 - - . , [4], . , , . «» [4]. . 1897 « » ( « ») , 13- . - , 1899 1904 [5]. , , ( )[6]. .[5] 1905 , - , «», , , , , [4]. «», «». 1911 . ( , . . )[7], -, . [8]. 1912 , :
,_1911.jpg&filetimestamp=20090405082727)
1914 1918 , « », «»[10]. 1918 [10]. 1920 . , [10]. . 1925 , [10].
_and_Jeyhoun_Hajibeyli.jpg&filetimestamp=20100630101353)
1931 , 1936 . 7 1938 - , , , , , [11]. 1939 I [10]. 1945 [10]. 23 1948 . .
[]
1909 - , , . -. , [12]; . , , , , [12]. «ʸ» [12], , 1938 «ʸ» , , , . .
[]
; . 1908 « », . « », 1909 , [13]. , 1910 1915 , (« » (1910 ), « » (1911 ), « » (1912 ), « »(1915 )). «ʸ», 1936 . 1941 . 7 3 : « » (1909), « , » (1910) « » (1913). , «ʸ». «». [14].
-, , «» (1941) « » (1943)[15][16]. , . . « » :
« . , .»[17].( ., « »)
1918 . 1920 1991 . 1930 , 10- , - . 28 1930 [18]. 1930 , [18]. 1944 , . 1991 1918 .
[] « »
, , . . 1930 :
« . , . , , »[19](. , )
« » . -. :
 |
, , , , , ... « » . , , , , , « » .[15] |  |
« » ( ) , . [20].
2008 100- [21][22]. ( 2009 ) 20 [23]. « » «ظ » - , , , . , [24]. 23 2008 « » - , [25].
[] « »
- , , , 30 . : , , , : « , » , « »[26]"( )
, , « », . . . «»[27], «»[28] . .
. « » 1918 . « » 75 187 76 : 16 , 17 , 13 , 17 (1500 ), 28 , 8 . [29][30][31][32][33] 1919 , . , «» («») . « » «», 4 1925 . -. (-), (), (), () [34][35]. . :
. « », . . . « » , . « » .( . )
1954 . . « » . . . . 2004 « » - . 2007 [36].
[] « »
« » 4 . 1916 . . , , . «» [37]. - 1917 , [35]. « » . 16 1917 : « - , . - ».
15 1918 «» - . : « , ». 1937 [38] « » [39]. . , 1945 [40]. , - . - . . , . . , . . [41].
, , , « », , , . « » [42].
136 86 . 100- « » 1945 ( ) 100 [43]. 16 [40]. 5 . 807 . , 5 [42].
|
, . - . . « ». 1945 , .[44]. | |
1965 «» , , « » 1945 , , . , - . « » 1965 , , [45]. , « »[42]. , -[46].
[] « , »
1910 « , », ( « »). Ÿ 25 (8 ) 1911 ( . .. ). : , , , , - . . . . , , , , .. 1912 , . , , 1915 . , , .
« , » , - XIX XX [47]. , , [48].
[] «ʸ»
«ʸ», , 19321936 1937 . -[49] « »[50]. , . [51]. , , «ʸ», , . - , -, , . , ʸ; -. - , . «ʸ» - . «ʸ» , . [51]. - :
|
, ʸ , , «ʸ» , , , , , , , [15]. | |
, . 1941 «ʸ» . [52]. , (ʸ), (), . (-), . (). 1938 . 1943 , - 1975 . 1939 , 1942 1950 . , , , , . 1952, 1970 1985 , [51]. «ʸ» [53] [54] [55]. 1940 , «ʸ» [56].
[]
, [57], [57]. -, «-», , [58]. , , , , , [58]. :
O'
. , , . - «- » , [58].
- « » 1920- . , () , , , . . () . : « ! ! ! », : « ! ! ?»[58].
:
, , - - . , , . , , [59].
«ʸ» . , «Russian composers and musicians ( )» - (1940 .), «Handbook of Soviet musicians ( )» (1943 .), «Realistic music ( )» (1949 .) . « » «ʸ». [58].
-, , , « ». , «ʸ» 1990- , «Azerbaijan International», 26 2002 « », «ʸ» « , » , «ʸ» 16 2002 [58].
[]
. - , [60].
. , , . 1907 «- - , , », 1908 « ». «». 29 1918 . 1945 « »[14][61]. . « » :
, , , «ʸ-»[62].
, . , - -, XX , . « 12- , : , ». . , « , , , .. »[63]. , , . , , , . , . , , , [64].
, . , « » :
, , , . , , . , , , . [62].
, , , .
. , , , .
, . , . - - , , . , .
1938 . 1946 « ». 1928 1929 1939 1948 . 10 . , 1945 (1937, 1941). :
|
. ... , . .[62] | |
[]
- , 18 , .
- 1977 [68].
- .
- , ( 1991 )[68], , .
- 1956 1960 : 1956 (: . ), 1960 (: . )[68].
- 1959 - , 1975 [69].
- 1959 . , -- , , « , » , 1992 [70]. .
- 1981 - « »[71].
- 2006 [72].
- 2008 100- « » [73].
- 2011 - .
-
-
-,
[]
[]
[]
-
- , 1890
-
- , 1910
-
- ( ) , , 1910
-
- , 1915
,_Shusha,_1910.jpg&filetimestamp=20090405082313)
,_Shusha,_1915.jpg&filetimestamp=20090405083856)
- -
-
(.)60- 1945 . . - ,
-
-
-
-
-
-
(.), 1932
-
""
-
" ", 1917
[]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- (18421901) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
- (18791921) |
|
(18721954) |
(18801951) |
(18841950) |
|
(18851948) |
|
(18911962) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
(19191974) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- (19121984) |
(19131971) |
(19191941) |
(19211993) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(19492006) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[]
- François Verschaeve. What's What in Titles of Classical Music-- and Beyond: A Dictionary of Titles = Répertitres: Répertoire de Titres de Musique Classique = Titelliste: Verzeichnis Von Titeln Klassischer Musik = Repertitoli: Repertorio Di Titoli Di Musica Classica = Repertítulos: Repertorio de Títulos de Música Clásica. 2. Lulu.com, 2007. . 422. 540 . ISBN 0973845414, 9780973845419
- Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the development of musical life in Azerbaijan. Routledge, 2004. . 211. ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
- William O. McCagg, Brian D. Silver. Soviet Asian ethnic frontiers. Pergamon Press, 1979. ISBN ISBN 0-08-024637-0, 9780080246376
- 1 2 3 Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the developement of musical life in Azerbaijan. Routledge, 2004. . 209. ISBN 0415302196, 9780415302197
- 1 2 (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- .. . 2007, - -., 327
- (.). .( ) 18 2010.
- 1, , . 18 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 , . 18 2010.
- . , . 18 2010.
- 1 2 3 (.). , - , " Life" . 19 2011. 24 2010.
- " ʸ" (.). . " 16 1938 № 61, . ", .., 1938 .(: 1909 ", -". 1911 - " ". ". , , .). 19 2011. 18 2010.
- 1 2 " " (.). , , , ; , , , . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- 1 2 3 . . ( ) (.), . 18 2010.
- -, . 18 2010.
- ., « », 1938, ,
- 1 2 «», . 18 2010.
- . , , 1930
- . .: .; .; : . . . , -, 2007. . 331. ISBN 9789952340969
- « » (.). 1news.az. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- 20082009 , (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- (.). UNESCO. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- - ( , ) (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Doha, Qatar World Premiere of Layla and Majnun, November 22 & 23, 2008 (En). The Silkroad Project. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- . . (.). , . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- (.). - " ". 19 2011. 18 2010.
- (.). - " ". 19 2011. 18 2010.
- : (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- : « » (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- 100- (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Arshin Mal-alan (1945) (.). New York Times. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Music of Azerbaijan (.). . 18 2010.
- (.). Azeri.ru. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- 1 2 . .: .; .; : . . . , -, 2007. . 333. ISBN 9789952340969
- , : « - » (.). «».( ) 18 2010.
- . " " (.). Azeri.ru. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Arshin mal-alan(1937) (.). The Internet Movie Database. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Alan Gevinson. American Film Institute catalog, AMERICAN FILM INSTITUTE CATALOG OF MOTION PICTURES PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES, AFI Catalog Series, The AFI Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States. University of California Press, 1997. . 54 (: Source: Based on the operetta Arshin Mal-Alan by Uzeir Hajibeyov (production undetermined)). ISBN 0520209648, 9780520209640
- 1 2 () (.). .. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Michael G. Smith. Cinema for the "Soviet East": National Fact and Revolutionary Fiction in Early Azerbaijani Film, Slavic Review, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Winter, 1997), pp. 645-678. The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, 1997. . 674.
, . . , , .
(.)Like other products of Stalinist folklorism, it bore the unmistakable stamp of G. V. Aleksandrov, the master of musical comedies, who once lectured Azerkino cinematographers on the art of making homespun movies, "good- natured" and "kind-hearted
- 1 2 3 / (.). « ». 19 2011. 30 2010.
- «» № 2 (4433) 1996 . . 40-41
- Michael G. Smith. Cinema for the "Soviet East": National Fact and Revolutionary Fiction in Early Azerbaijani Film, Slavic Review, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Winter, 1997), pp. 645-678. The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, 1997. . 674.
(.)
Viewers in the nationality regions were regaled with glamorous tales about medieval bards and star-crossed lovers. These were films in the neo-folkloric style of late Stalinism. Narodnost' became respectable again. Azerbaijan's contribution to this genre was the musical masterpiece, A Measure of Cloth (Arshin mal alan, 1945), based on Uzeir Gadzhibekov's comical operetta from a traditional folk- tale, which followed the endearing courtship between the merchant, Askar, and the love of his life, Giul'chara (figure 4).
- - (.). -. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Jean During. Ethnomusicology, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Autumn, 2000). University of Illinois Press on behalf of Society for Ethnomusicology, 2000. . 529-538.
(.)
Qasimov were acting one of the roles in Hajibeyov's mugham operas which, in fact, he had at one time done frequently..
- . . : , 1975. . 53-60. 142 .
- Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the developement of musical life in Azerbaijan / Edited by Neil Edmunds. Routledge, 2004. . 214. ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197 (.)
- (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Inna Naroditskaya. Song from the Land of Fire: Azerbaijanian Mugam in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods (Current Research in Ethnomusicology: Outstanding Dissertations). Routledge Press, 2002. . 236. ISBN 0415940214, 9780415940214
- 1 2 3 "" (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the developement of musical life in Azerbaijan. Routledge, 2004. . 221. ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
- Alexandria Vodarsky-Shiraeff. Russian Composers and Musicians. READ BOOKS, 2007. . 46. 156 . ISBN 140676812X, 9781406768121
- Soviet film music: an historical survey. Routledge, 1997. . 187, 89. 311 . ISBN 3718659107, 9783718659104
- Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the developement of musical life in Azerbaijan. Routledge, 2004. . 221. ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
- Rena Moisenko. Realist Music. 25 Soviet Composers. London, Meridian Books, 1949. . 86.
1940 .
(.)Since 1940 it has been included in the permanent repertoire of the Moscow Bolshoi Theatre.
- 1 2 Matthew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the development of musical life in Azerbaijan. Routledge, 2004. . 209. ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Matthew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the development of musical life in Azerbaijan. Routledge, 2004. . 212. ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
- (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- Inna Naroditskaya. Azerbaijanian Female Musicians: Women's Voices Defying and Defining the Culture. Vol. 44, No. 2 (Spring - Summer, 2000). University of Illinois Press on behalf of Society for Ethnomusicology, 2000. . 234-256.
, - . « , - ( ), ». 1912 , .
(.)Shovkat Mamadova is referred to in different sources as "the first woman singing on the stage before the revolution [the Soviet revolution of 1918]" (Ensiklopedicheskii muzikalinii slovar 1966:289). Altstadt writes that "Uzeyir Hajibeyov first put a woman performer [Shovkat Mamadova] ... on stage, though doing so was regarded as an insult to womanhood and to the community" (Altstadt 1992:54). The singer recalled the year 1912 as the time of her first meeting with Uzeyir, who organized a concert to finance her schooling in Italy.
- « »- (.). .( ) 18 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 , . . , , 1985.
- Inna Naroditskaya. Source: Asian Music, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Spring - Summer, 1997), pp. 141-145. University of Texas Press, 1997. . 144.
, -, - -, . XX , . « 12- , : , ». . , " , , , .. « ».
(.)According to Hassan Touma (1996:17), the Arabic tonal system was propagated by Al-Farabi, while the Persian and Azerbaijanian tonal structure was based on the calculation of Safi Ad-Din al-Urmawi, renowned philosopher of the Middle Ages and a native of Azerbaijan. In the beginning of the twentieth century, Azerbaijanian theorist and composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1985:25-93) defined the tonal structure of the modal rows by examining the fretting system of the Azerbaijanian lute, known as the tar. Uzeyir Hajibeyov pictured mugam "in the form of a twelve-column, six- towered 'building' from which one could view all four directions of the world: from Andalusia to China, and from Africa to Caucasus" (1985:18). M. Ismailov wrote that "the methods of monodic expression and development, including repetitions, sequences, variations...became the relevant 'material' for constructing mugam as a 'temple of music' (1984:84).
- Marina Frolova-Walker. National in Form, Socialist in Content": Musical Nation-Building in the Soviet Republics, Journal of the American Musicological Society, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Summer, 1998), pp. 331 -371. University of California Press on behalf of the American Musicological Society, 1998. . 348-349.
(.)
Harmonization was, of course, a nonnegotiable, or indeed a defining, ele- ment of both the Russian nationalist and the later Soviet projects; there was no question of remaining within the limits of monody. The Azerbaijani national composer Gajibekov offered the following advice on the subject of appropriate harmonizations:Unskilled harmonization of an Azerbaijani melody may change its character, neutralize its modality, and even vulgarize it. But this does not mean that Azerbaijani music should remain monodic forever. ... Polyphony should be based not on correct chord progressions or harmonic cadences that require changes in modal structure, but rather on the combination of logically con- structed independent melodies.27The example given by Gajibekov (see Ex. 2) demonstrates not so much the independence of melodies, but rather the avoidance of anything that would do violence to the melody. His argument is strongly reminiscent of the recommendations Vladimir Odoyevsky had made in 1863: "We tried to keep the piano accompaniment as simple as possible (sine quarta conso- nante) ... we did not dare to insert any seventh chords ... this would entirely distort the character of Russian singing, both secular and sacred."28 Gajibekov's recourse to imitative textures as a palliative to four-part har- monic style was a strategy the Russian nationalists had frequently turned to -imitation, no doubt by dint of its greater antiquity, was not so strongly associated with Western music. Each republic sought to draw the line between its earliest, ad hoc "naive" harmonizations of monodies and its later, systematic efforts, based on principles of appropriateness somehow de- duced from properties of the monodic style.
- XX
- . « ». 12. .
, , , , . , , - : , ; , , , -, .. .
- 1992-2010-cu illərdə dövriyyəyə buraxılmış sikkələr
- 1 2 3 Xatirə () (.). . 19 2011. 18 2010.
- ( ) (.). Belcanto. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- . , 12 - . .. , 2005. 416 . 2000 . ISBN 5-7516-0528-4
- ( ) (.). RusKino. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- , : « - » (.). "".( ) 18 2010.
- 100th anniversary of the first opera in the East: Leyli and Majnun (1908) (.). UNESCO. 19 2011. 18 2010.
- http://ru.trend.az/news/society/1931738.html III
- http://www.zerkalo.az/2010-09-18/culture/12988p1-festival-uzeirgadjibeyli
[]
- ,
- « »
- . .
- . // . . , 1953. 478 . 7000 .
- Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and his role in the developement of musical life in Azerbaijan = Soviet music and society under Lenin and Stalin: the baton and sickle / Neil Edmunds. Routledge Curzon. USA: Routledge Curzon, 2004. . 209-228. 240 . ISBN ISBN 0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
- Rena Moisenko. Realist Music. 25 Soviet Composers // Uzeir Gadzhibekov. . London, UK: Meridian Books, 1949. . 79-87.
- //Heritage
- .
- « »
- « »
- ( )
[]
- . Tufanlara kömək edən bir qələm ( ) // Üzeyir Hacıbəyovun şəxsiyyəti və yaradıcılığı. . , , : , 1987. . 198. ISBN 47020602000-94
- . Üzeyir Hacıbəyov haqqında seçilmiş xatirə və məqalələr // ( ). , , : , , 1990. . 292. ISBN 5-8066-0251-6
- . , . , . , . , . . Üzeyir Hacıbəyli: Biblioqrafiya // ( ). , : .., 2008. . 368.
[]
 |
, - ? |
|---|
|
|
|
 |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- (1916) - (1945) , - (1965) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
- | |||||||||||||||||
 |
. |
