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| : «Progress, Peace, Prosperity (. , , )» | |||||
| : «For The Gambia Our Homeland» | |||||
 |
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| 18 1965 ( ) | |||||
| . | |||||
% . |
159- 10 380 ² 11,5 |
||||
(2007) |
1 700 000 . (148-) 156 ./² |
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| ▼ 0.456 () (168-) | |||||
| (GMD, 270) | |||||
| - | .gm | ||||
| +220 | |||||
| 0 | |||||
́ (. The Gambia, [ˈɡæmbiə]), ́ ́ (. Republic of The Gambia) . . , , . 18 1965 . , .
|
|
[]
[]
13 14° .. , 400 , , 24 28 , 45 [1]. , , 740 . , 80 . 11 000², 10 000 , 1000 ² [1]. 4000 ² 200- 10 500 ²[2].
[]
60 . 48 % 20 , 30 % 10 . 4 % 50 60 [3].
:
[]
. , 53 % . [3].
, . , , . 33 () 2,5 ( ) [3].
( 1,6 ) 6 , . . [3].
[]
. , , , ( ), ( ) ( ). . «» , . 1 % 995 000 . [4].
[]
8,0 ³/, 5,0 ³ . 3,0 ³ , 0,5 ³.
30,6 ³, 0,38 % . 67 % . 50 % 1982 2000 , 29 23,5 ³[5]. 62 %.
, . 970 ², 1965 ² (18 % ). , , 16 , 8,1 . 200 . , , 4,8 . 225 . 129 , , , , . , , [5][6].
[]
. , ( ) ( ) . , , . , . 21 27 °C, 30 60 %. 27 32 °C . . , . 1000 [7].
[]
, . 974 [8]. 117 , , , . , , , 31 , 27 [9].
, 560 , , 220 . 620[9]. (72 ) 4 , 7 , 2 , 17 , 3 39 [9]. 33 [9]. , 78 175 [9].
[]
7 , 3,6 % .
, 1968 , 25 . 105 [10]. , [11].
- . 5000 .
( ) 580 . . [12].
[]
[]
[]
( , , , ) , 2000 . .[13] , , . III . . . , , - . VVIII , 9 % [14].
VIII . 750 , 2,6 10 . . XI , [13].
- , 300 . . , , (), . XIIXIII , XIIIXIV .
[]
, 1455 , . 1456 32 , , [14] ( ). , [15].
1587 , . 1621 , , - . 1651 1661 , , . , 1661 .
1678 . XVIIXVIII , 30 -, , . . 1765 , 18 -. 1783 , , , [13].
1807 , . 1816 . ( 1973 ). . 1821 -, 1888 , 1843-1866 , .
1829 . 1851 72 % . -[15]. , , , , « » 1826 1840 . , . 1857 . 1888 , 1889 [13].
, . 1954 , , - .
[]
1960 (House of Representatives), 34 . 1962 - , - 8 . , (PPP), -. 4 1963 . 1965 , . 23 1970 . 1981 , , 500800 , [13].
1982 , , . , . 1982 , 72,4 % . 1987 59,2 % ( ). 1989 - . . 1992 59 % ( 22 %).
1992 , 1981 , . 1988 -. 1992 (MOJA), 1981 . 1993 MOJA [13].
22 1994 , . , . , , . (Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council), 1998 . . 1995 - , . . 1994 , 1995 , . [13]. 23 2010 [16].
1996 70 % . . 26 1996 , , 55,76 % ( 35,8 %, 5,8 %). , 1994 , 1997 [13], . 1996 1997 .
2001 52,96 % [13], 2006 67,3 % ( 26,6 %)[17].
[]
[]
[]
, , (., . 61). 30 65 , 5 , (.. . 62). 5 (., . 63).
-, . - , , , (., . 70).
15 (), (., . 71)[18].
[]
(. National Assembly), 48 , , 5 , (., . 88). 21 , , (., . 89). , (., . 92). (., . 93)[18].
[]
.jpg)
(. Supreme Court), , (. The High Court), (. Special Criminal Court), , , (., . 120).
, 4 (., . 125). 7 , , , , (., . 131)[18].
[]
. (., . 192). , , , , , . (., . 193)[18].
[]
48 , - . , 18 (., . 39)[18].
[]
1951 . 1952 (CP) (UP). 1958 (PPP) ( ), . 1968 CP PPP. 1977 (NCP).
19771994 (27 1977 1982 , 31 1987 , 25 1992 ). . , , (GPP), (PDOIS), (PDP) (MOJA).
2 1997 , (APRC) 33 45, 7 , 2 , PDOIS 1 , 2 .
2000 APRC , . , 17 2002 , APRC 45 48 . PDOIS 3 . , 33 48 APRC . 2002 [19].
[]
800 ( 2006 ), [20]. - 70 3 (2002)[21]. 2003 0,5 % 1 [20].
[]
, . 18 1965 . 17 1965 . 21 1965 [22]. , , (), (), , , .
[]
- (. Lower River) ( )
- (. Central River) ()
- (. North Bank) ()
- (. Upper River) (--)
- (. Western Division) ()
- (. Banjul) .
[]
[]
1 700 000 (2007), 99 % : 42 % , 18 % , 16 % , 10 % , 9 % ; . 180,7 ². 26,2 % (2003).
(50,41 %) (49,59 %) (2003). 40,1 % 15 , 26,4 % 15 29 , 17,3 % 30 44 , 10,2 % 45 59 , 5,0 % 60 74 , 0,9 % 75 84 , 0,1 % 85 (2005). (2005): 52,3 (), 56,0 ().
39,9 1000 (2005), 12,5 1000 (2005). 27,4 1000 (2005). 75,13 1000 (2003).
20-30 . , , . , , . 2000 185 000 , 12 000 [25].
[]
( ) 90 % , 9 %, 1 % (, , , .) (2004)[7]. XII XIII . . XIX , XV XVII . .
[]
- (- , , , , , ) 453 500 (2002) ;
- (- , , , , -) 262 550 (2002);
- (- , , , , -) 165 000 (2002) , ;
- (- , , , - , -) 66 175 (2002) - ;
- - (- , , , , ) 59 650 (2002) ;
- - (- , , , , ) 28 360 (2002) - ;
- (- , , , , -) 19 250 (2002) ;
- (- , , , , , ) 12 600 (2004) [26].
[]
, 30 % , 75 % ( 20 % , 1990-). , , (40 % ). . , , . , . 3,3 % . , [27].
442 , 290 (2005)[20], 1,338 , 800 (2007)[1].
, ( ):
- (2004): 129 000 , 120 500 , - 40 400 , 36 100 , 35 000 , 32 100 , 9 000 , 7 500 , 3 200 .
- (2004): 328 000 ., 265 000 ., 147 000 ., 31 423 .
- : (12 400 , 2004), .
- : 6 (1995), 750 . , 550 . .
- (2004) 128 ·[24].
| 2004 | 1993 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| , | , % | , % | ||
| 127,79 | 30,0 | 181 752 | 52,6 | |
| 20,64 | 4,8 | 21 682 | 6,3 | |
| 26,58 | 6,2 | 9 679 | 2,8 | |
| 14,18 | 1,0 | 1 858 | 0,5 | |
| 73,42 | 17,2 | 14 203 | 4,1 | |
| 67,40 | 15,8 | 54 728 | 15,8 | |
| 23,33 | 5,5 | 2 417 | 0,7 | |
| 28,67 | 6,7 | 41 254 | 11,9 | |
| 14,19 | 3,3 | |||
| 39,93 | 9,4 | 17 412 | 5,0 | |
| 436,13 | 100,0 | 345 381 | 100,0 | |
[]
, 250 000 (193 000 1994 ). [28] [29] , 75 % , 25 % . 25 % 90 % ( ). 50 % (80 00090 000 ) , 25 % (40 000 ) , 8 % (14 000 ) , , [29]. , .
3 . . , , , , . , : 23 % , 66 % [29].
[]
1965 , . 1976 , , 25 000, 1998 96 000[30]. 2004 59 [20]. 16 % 10 000 . (41 %), , , . 4 87 % . 70 % . .
2002 (. Gambia Tourism Authority - GTA), « - » [31].
[]
. (2003) 3742 , 19 % . - (2003): 8109, 2961[32]. (27 - ). . (1998) 5 (4 -, 1 [1].
(2005) 44000 (29 1000 ), 247500 (163 1000 ). 49000 (2004)[20].
[]
, 100 . 1971 , 1 = 5 , 1 = 0,2 = 4 . 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 , 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 1 [33]. 1998 [34]. .
[]
(2004): 236 ( 27,3 %, 18,1 %, 10,1 %, 7,4 %). : 24,6 %, 16,8 %, 10,4 %, 5,8 %, 4,5 %[20].
(2004): 127 ( 79,7 %, 13,3 %, 4,1 %). 16,5 %, 15,4 %, 14,0 %, 12,8 %, 9,1 %[20].
, , 8 (2004).
[]
[]
[]
20- XX , . XVIII : , 7-8 . , , . ( , . The Second Round) 1965 [35].
[]
, , , , , , [36]. : ( , )[37], ( , )[38] .
[]
, . . ( ), , . - , [39]. 1970- - , - - , Kronos Quartet.
- 1960- The Super Eagles and Guelewar, - , , . The Super Eagles , - . 1970 , 1973 , «- » Ifang Bondi[40].
[]
, 1982 , , , [41].
, , [42]. .
( ) , 1840 [43].
, , ( , ), , . , . , [44].
[]
| 1 | New Years Day | |
| 18 | Independence Day | |
| 24 | Republic Day | |
| 1 | Labour Day | |
| 15 | Assumption | |
| 25 | Christmas Day |
, : ( ), , , ( ) ( )[7].
[]
1970 , , [45]. 1984 ( ), . 1973 2 .
1952 , 1968 [46]. 2005 17 , 2007 20 3- . , , (1980, 1985, 2001) (1986, 2003).
[]
[]
, 6 . , 3 . 1996 70 % , 23 % . 1996 21,2 % . 1999 4,8 % [47]. ( 15 ) 2003 40.1 % ( 47.4 %, 33,1 %)[20].
:
(GTTI), , , , (MDI) , , [48].
| 3311 | 4 708 | 178 288 | 37,9 | |
| 851 | 2 365 | 60 221 | 25,5 | |
| ² | 2 | 156 | 1 756 | 11,3 |
[]
, --. 37 % , 62 % (2000). 5 , - . , , . 1999 100 . 260 [49].
1100 100 . (1998). 1 12 977 ( 105 ), 1 1199 ( 1140 ) (2000)[50]. 6,8 % [51].
19901994 . : 98 %, , 90 %, 29 %, 87 %.
2001 / 8400 ( 1,6 % ), / 4000 [49].
[]
. 2002 , , . 2004 , . , The Point, . 2006 «».
Radio Gambia , . [52].
1000 15 14 , 25 000 (2002)[53].
:
- Observer , ;
- The Independent , ;
- Foroyaa , ;
- The Point , .
:
- Gambia Television , ;
- Premium TV Network .
:
- Radio Gambia , ;
- Radio 1 FM ;
- West Coast Radio ;
- City Limits Radio .
-:
[]
- 1 2 3 4 5 FOSA Country Report - The Gambia (.). 11 2011. 23 2008.
- Department of State for Finance and Economic Affairs of The Gambia. REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA. POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY: 2007-2011 (.). 23 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Landforms of The Gambia (.). 25 2008.
- Gambia-expansion.com. National Resourses of The Gambia (.). 12 2008.
- 1 2 Water Resources of The Gambia (.). 23 2008.
- Gambia-expansion.com. History & Geography of The Gambia (.). 23 2008.
- 1 2 3 Infoplease.com. Gambia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture (.). 23 2008.
- The Commonwealth of Nations. Country Overviews (.). 25 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 The Commonwealth of Nations. THE GAMBIA'S BIODIVERSITY (.). 27 2008.
- Makasutu Wildlife Trust. Abuko Nature Reserve (.). 23 2008.
- Nijii. Abuko Nature Reserve (.). 23 2008.
- THE GAMBIA TOURISM AUTHORITY. Things to do in The Gambia (.). 26 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Encyclopedia of Nations. History of The Gambia (.). 28 2008.
- 1 2 History of The Gambia (.). 18 2008.
- 1 2 History of The Gambia (.). 24 2008.
- . Lenta.ru. 11 2011. 25 2010.
- APNAC. Gambia Country Report (.). 28 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Constitution of The Gambia (.). 26 2008.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. The Gambia. Political parties (.). 19 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Britannica. World data: The Gambia (.). 26 2008.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. The Gambia (.). 26 2008.
- - , . 19 2008.
- Gwillim Law Divisions of Gambia (.). Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids") (19 April 2006). 11 2011. 17 2008.
- 1 2 Britannica. World data: The Gambia (.). 23 2008.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. The Gambia: Migration (.). 28 2008.
- Ethnologue.com. Languages of Gambia (.). 11 2008.
- Thegambia.name. - (.). 23 2008.
- Encyclopedia Britannica. Agriculture of The Gambia (.). 30 2008.
- 1 2 3 Statehouse.gm. Agriculture of The Gambia (.). 30 2008.
- The Government of The Gambia. National Action Programme To Combat Desertification (NAP). The Gambia. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (.). 23 2008.
- Department of State for Finance and Economic Affairs of The Gambia. REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA. POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY: 2007-2011 (.). 23 2008.
- Britannica. World data: The Gambia (.). 17 2008.
- Central Bank of The Gambia. History of the Dalasi (.). 17 2008.
- Central Bank of The Gambia. Images of the Dalasi (.). 17 2008.
- Gambia Literature and Writing (.). 26 2008.
- Gambian Artists (.). 28 2008.
- Momodou Ceesay (.). 28 2008.
- Baboucarr Etu Ndow (.). 28 2008.
- Foday Musa Suso Official site of Foday Musa Suso (.). 11 2011. 30 2008.
- Makasutu Wildlife Trust. Ifang Bondi (.). 23 2008.
- Ncac.gm. GAMBIA NATIONAL MUSEUM IN BANJUL (.). 19 2008.
- Ncac.gm. KERR BATCH ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM (.). 19 2008.
- Ncac.gm. JUFFUREH MUSEUM (.). 19 2008.
- Hot-shop.ru. (.). 19 2008.
- Commonwealth Games (.). 26 2008.
- FIFA. Member of FIFA. Gambia (.). 26 2008.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. The Gambia. Education (.). 23 2008.
- WiderNet.org. ICT and Education in The Gambia (.). 23 2008.
- 1 2 Encyclopedia of the Nations. The Gambia - Health (.). 24 2008.
- Britannica. World data: The Gambia (.). 24 2008.
- WHO. Core health Indicators of The Gambia (.). 24 2008.
- 1 2 BBC. Country profile: The Gambia (.). 23 2008.
- Commonwealth of Nations. Society of the Gambia (.). 23 2008.
[]
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«» |
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Gambia ? |
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[]
- Ulla Ackermann: Merian live!, Senegal, Gambia, MERIAN Reisebuch-Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-7742-0730-5
- Thomas Baur: Senegal, Gambia: [Senegambia und den Bijagos-Archipel mit diesem praktischen Urlaubshandbuch entdecken, erleben und genießen], Reise-Know-How-Verlag Rump, Bielefeld 2002, ISBN 3-8317-1112-7
- Hartmut Buchholz: Senegal, Gambia, DuMont, Köln 1998, ISBN 3-7701-4189-X
- Jojo Cobbinah: Senegal / Gambia, Meyer Reiseführer, 2002, ISBN 3-89859-103-4
- Ilona Hupe: Gambia. Kleines Urlaubsparadies in Westafrika, Hupe, 1999², ISBN 3-932084-19-5
- Rosel Jahn: Gambia: Reiseführer mit Landeskunde; mit einem Reiseatlas, Mai, Dreieich 1997, ISBN 3-87936-239-4
- Gertrud Premke: Erlebnis Gambia: Erlebnisse mystische Geschichten Landeskunde, Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt 2004, ISBN 3-8334-2044-8
- Michel Renaudeau: The Gambia =: La Gambie, Delroisse, 1978, ISBN 2-85518-036-8
- Reisebegleiter, The Gambia, FTI Touristik Publications, München 1999
- Katharina Kane: Lonely Planet the Gambia & Senegal (Lonely Planet Gambia and Senegal) Lonely Planet Publications, 2006, ISBN 1-74059-696-X
- Clive Barlow, Tim Wacher, Tony Disley: Birds of the Gambia and Senegal, Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd, 2005, ISBN 0-7136-7549-7
- Michael Franke: Wolof für den Senegal, Wort für Wort. Kauderwelsch. Band 89, ISBN 3-89416-280-5
- Karin Knick: Mandinka für Gambia, Wort für Wort. Kauderwelsch. Band 95, ISBN 3-89416-286-4
- Werner Forman: Schwarze Königreiche: das Kulturerbe Westafrikas, Atlantis-Verlag, Luzern/Herrsching 1988, ISBN 3-7611-0715-3
- Colin McEvedy: The Penguin atlas of African history, Penguin Books, London 1995, ISBN 0-14-051321-3
- Donald R. Wright: The world and a very small place in Africa: a history of globalization in Niumi, the Gambia. Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe, 2004, ISBN 0-7656-1007-8
- Cartes ITM: Gambia Map, Estate Publications, 2003, ISBN 1-55341-217-6
- Senegal & Gambia Mit exakten Höhenlinien, Höhenschichten-Relief, Gradnetz und Orstsindex. GPS-tauglich, Reise Know-How Verlag Rump, 2004, ISBN 3-8317-7123-5
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