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Columba livia |
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́ ́[1] (. Columba livia) , , - . , (Columba livia var. domestica). , . (Columba livia var. urbana) ́, .[2][3]
, , .[4] , , . , , , , .[5] - , 15- , 35 .[6] , .[4] «», «» ( « », ).
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2936 , 5067 , 265380 .[7] , . , 28 , «».[8] , , - , . . , -, . , - . -, - .
, , -, . . , , -, - .[9] , . , . -, .[8]
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: , , , . , , . «-». , , . , , , , .[9]
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, ( ), .[11] , - , 1980- . , - , . , 93 % , 38 %.[12] , , , , - .[8] , . 1000 . , , (Charles Walcott) (), .[8] , . , , .[13] , . , , 57 .[14]
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, , , .[15] , . , «» .[16] , 185 /.[16] , , , .[16][17] . , , , .
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, , -, , , . , 4849° . . . 54° . ., 55° . ., , , (69° . .). , , , -.[18][19] , , .[4] , . , , : 1606 .[20]
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, , ( 4000 ).[16] , ( ). , . , , , .[15] , , , - .[21][22]
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, ; , , .[23] , .[24] , , , , . , . . «», . , , .[15][25]
, . , , , , , . . , , . . , . , .[7]
78 , ( ) , . , , 35×25 43×32 .[9] , . , , , . , , .[26] , 1619 .[24][27] , « » , (, ). , .[6] , .[26] , , , .[15] 3537 , .[24][27] 57 , .[9]
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: , , . (, , .).[16] . 37 ( , ), 10 .[6] , , , , 92 % , 3,2 % , 3,7 % , , , .[23][28] , , , , .[28]
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, , .[15][29] , ( ). , XIX , . 1868 « », . , , , .[30]
, , ; 5 10 . .[31] . , 8 . , .[31] , , . , , , . , , , , .[16][31]
, ( ) 4500 . .[32] , -- ( 3000 . .).[33] , .[34] , 3100 . .[35][36] (26002550 . .), , .[16]
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, , . , , , .[2] . 2900 . . .[37] 2350 . . (, ) .[37] VIII . ., .[2] , , , . , , .[38] 77 . . (. Naturalis Historia) , , .[39]
-, 975996 , , . 600 , , . « », .[40] 1146 , - , .[38] , XIX .[37]
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, , , , .[30] 800 , : , . 200 .[15]
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, . , , , . , , , , « » (.8:812). , , . , I 1949 , .[47]
- , .[31] , . «» «» , .[48] , , , .[31][49] . , . , .[50]
. , , « , , , , : ; !» (.3:22). : « , : , , , » (.1:32). 536 . , , . , .[48]
, .
1971 « » . , , .
1984 « », . , .
1986 - « » « », , .
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, , , . , , , .[53] , , . , .[54]
, , .
«» , .[52] , 60 [55], , , , .[56] , , .[57] (Association of Pigeon Veterinarians), 1986 , «, , ».[52]
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(Columba), (Columbidae). (Columba rupestris), (Columba leuconota), (Columba guinea) (Columba albitorques) .[10] , 4050 , .[58]
, . 1789 13- Systema Naturae.[59] columba .-. κολυμβίς «»[60], . *golǫb / *golǫb ( . ), , [61][62]. livia liveo « , -, ».
« » 12 , [10]:
- Columba livia livia (Gmelin, 1789) . , , , , , , .
- Columba livia atlantis (Bannerman, 1931). , . . , .
- Columba livia canariensis (Bannerman, 1914). . .
- Columba livia gymnocyclus (Gray, 1856). . C. l. livia. , .
- Columba livia targia (Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916). . , .
- Columba livia dakhlae (Meinertzhagen, 1928). . .
- Columba livia schimperi (Bonaparte, 1854). . C. l. targia, .
- Columba livia palaestinae (Zedlitz, 1912). . C. l. schimperi .
- Columba livia gaddi (Zarodney & Looudoni, 1906). . C. l. palaestinae, . C. l. palaestinae, C. l. neglecta.
- Columba livia neglecta, (Hume, 1873) . , . C. l. intermedia.
- Columba livia intermedia (Strickland, 1844) , -. , .
- Columba livia nigricans (Buturlin, 1908). . , .
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- . ., . . (Columba livia) ( ). : , 2008. 162 .
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- Animal Diversity Web (.)
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