GNU Free Documentation License . .

( « »)
: ,

מדינת ישראל
  ́ ́
دولة إسرائيل
́ ́

: 31°4700 . . 35°1300 . . / 31.783333° . . 35.216667° . . (G) (O)

: «-»
LocationIsrael.svg
14 1948 (5 5708 ) ( )
,
[1]
, ,
,  

-



 % .
147-
20 770[2]/22 072[3] ²
2

(2011)

7 836 000 . (97-)
355 ./² (21-)

   (2010)
  

218,490 .[4] $ (49-)
29 404[4] $ (28-)
 (2011) 0,888 ( ) (17-)
,
(ILS, 376)
- .il
+972
GMT+2 ( GMT+3)

́,   (. מדינת ישראל, . دولة اسرائيل - , . , -  ,   , -  .

14 1948 (5 5708 ) ( ) № 181, 29 1947 (. « »).

, [5][6]. , , , , [5]: -, -, , , , . , , [7].

[]

«» (. אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, ́-́), . , : « : ? : . []: , , , »  (.32:27,28). . , (, , , ), , « ».   « » «/ »[8]. , , « », « » «».

«» ( XIII  . .) , [9].

«́ ́» (. מדינת ישראל  ). : ́ ́ ( ), ,   [10]. «» (ישראלים  «́»). , [11].

[]

ISmap.svg

, , [12]; , [13].

:

- 26 1979 [19].

- - 26 1994 [20][21].

. « »  , , . « », (1973) [22].

[]

, 2007

1967 , , , , , .

, [23][24], . , № 242 22 1967 , [23]:

1) , ,

2) , , ;

1979 - .

. , 30 1980 14 1981 , , . , , , 478 497 « »[25][26].

1967 , , « ». , [27][28][29]. [30][31][32][33][34].

1967 , , ( ), . , 2009 470 [35]. [36]. - .

, [37]. 1967 1993 .

1993 , , 12 % , , . , . () , , , . 18 % , 55 % ,   21 % 41 % ,   61 % 4 % , [38].

2003 , , [39][40]. , , . [41][42]. [43]. , [44].

2005 , , . 2006 «», [45][46], , .

«» 2007 « »[47]. , 2008 . 2008 , « ».

[] -

- , ,   , 1949 .

[]

« -» ().

, : , . , (6 500 ²) « ». ̸ , . ») « »[48]. , 40  10  [49].

( ̸ ) ( ) . , , .

[]

. [50]   [51]. 2010 [52], , [53].

, 250 .( : 260 .) «́» 300 . , «́» 20 . ³, 453 . ³. , 15 . , . 550 . [54].

, , , , . ̸ [50].

[]

2006

. 1080  . 20  . 700  100  [55].

, . , . , , , [56]. , - , . (+53,7 °C, +129 °F) 1942 , . [57][58].

[]

. [59]. 2008 [60].

6 ³ . , . 1,8 ³ . , , (1,1 ³), (0,215 ³); 0,32 ³, 0,18 ³ , . 1974 [61]. 2010 0,13 ³ [62], 16 2010 [63]. .

, 300 . ̸ [64]. , (--) (70 ), ; (32 )[65], , (26 ), -[64].

  . 166 ² 21  10 . 212  [64]. ̸ [66][67]. ,   417  . ̸ .

[]

, . , ( ), (, , ,  . .), ( ) [68]. - , [69][70]. .

[]

: , - - . 2600 (250  ) 700 , 115 . 160 . 2007 41 . 1948 4,5  , 1990-   200 . 70 % XX XXI [71]. , , .

60 %   , 40 %   .

1965 , .

, , , , , , [72].

100 (   , [73], , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ), 500 ( , , , , , , , , , -, : , , ; ; ( ), ( ), , , , , ( ), , , . : , , ( ), .), 100 7 . , [71]. [72]. 2008   35 % [74].

[]

, , [75].

Environmental Performance Index, 2008 , 49 149[76]. , [77], [60]. 2008 228  () [78][79]. ̸ 1970- [75].

, , [76][80]. Environmental Performance Index [75][76].

[]

(19492010)

[81], 29 2010 , , (200 . .), 7,825  . 5,892 . (75,3 %)  , 1,604 . (20,5 %)  ( -  , , -) 329 . (4,2 %)  , () [82][83]. 2000 1,9 %,   1,2 %. , -, , 0,7 %[82][83].

  3,1 (56 %) (, ) 2,39 (44 %)  (). 1,5 .  , 740 000  , 230 .  , 210 .  , 105 .  .   2,2 , 40 %,   0,9  [84][85]. 2009 42 % [86].

270 . , -   [87][88]. , -, . 500 . ( 6,5 % ). 7800 2005 [89]. 18 . [90]. 250 . 2006 [91].

, 1970 . 1/4 1/5 .

, . , 200 .[92].

, , (2,37 1000), 37 [93].

() . [94]. - . 50 [95][96].

2008 2,77 , [16]. 2008 1,713 %,   [16].

(330 ./²) 24 [97].

2008 2005 , 19,9 % « ». « » , , 50 % (1493,1 2005 ). , (20042005). [98].

[]

[]

. 75 [99]. 108  . . , [100].

9 . , , 43  . .[99] 23 . .

[]

(. -)   , . 2  . [101]. , ,   .

() 1200  . [99]. 250 [102]. . , XI  X  . . .

VIII  . . , (586539  . .), (539331  . .), (332312  . .). IIIII .  . . .

, 152 37  . . .

63  . . , 40  . . , , (). 70 . . .

- 135 . , [100]. [103].

395 () 619 . V -. , [100].

614 . , , , . , [100].

629 . . 629630 , , , . , [103].

[]

636     [104]. [105] [106], .

: (638660 ), (661750), (750969), (9691099).

, XII .

1099 . 1187 -- , 1291 . 1260 .

[] (15161917)

1517 - I. 400 ( ), - , , [107].

«»  , , , [108]. - - (). XVI : , , .

XVIII - . , 1700   . 1200 , 200 . . , - (1720) - . , [100].

1799 . , , . [100].

1800 300 ., 5 . ( , ). - , , . ( 25 .)  ,   . ,   [100].

1800-31 (). - , ( ), ;   . [100].

1832 -, - -. , , . , (1832-40), [100].

XIX -. , , (1837), 2 . , .

1841 . ,   [100].

1880 450 . , 24 . . : ( 25- ), (4 .), (2,5 .) (800), (1 .) (300). [100].

[]

, , . XII . 1492 , , .

,

, (. עלייה), 1881 , [109].

  , ,   [110][111]. 1896 « » (. Der Judenstaat), . [112].

(190414 ) . 40 . [109]. [113], , [114].

, , , . [115].

[] (19181948)

, 1900

, . , « »[116]. , - , . - -[117].

191923 ( ) 40 . , . . , , 90 . . , .

1920 , -   «» ( «»)[118].

1922 , « , »[119]. - , , , [120].

-, , , [121].

19241929 ( ) 82 . , . , , . , , 23 . .

1930- , , . 19361939 « » 1939 , . , , . « - », [109].

33 % 11 % 1922 [122][123].

[]

1945 [124] 1947 , , [125]. 29 1947 ( № 181). 1 1948 : . , , , [14].   .

, , , «» ( ), [126]. , () [127] , , 67 % , [128].

14 1948 , , - , [129]. (, , , ) , - , « »[129].

1948 750 . [130]. 600 [131]  , , , , . , . . 160 . [130]. , .

«» (. النكبة)  «». , , , , . , 800 . [132]. , , , 600 . 820 . . , - [133][134].

, 1949 , , , ; . 80 % ( ). « ».

, , , , , .[128]. , , « », . , - .

11 1949 [135].

(), - , -[136][137]. , . 1948 1958 0,8  2 .[138] . , «». 1952 200 . . - , , [139].

[]

(1960) , , . «» « » . [140]. , [141].( 30 1948 ).

1977 . ( ) , ( ), [142].

[] -

, , 1949 1967

[]

, , , [143].

1956 , , . [144].

1967 , , . -. .[145] (casus belli), [146]. , , , , . 1949 . .

-

6 1973 , ( )  ,   . . 25 [147]. , , [148]. , - .

1978 , . [149]. 26 1979 - [150] ( - [151]), .

7 1981 , «», «». 487 [152].

1982 , , . « », ( «» [153]). 1985 , , 2000 .

1994 - , , [154].

2000 - .

12 2006 , , [155][156][157][158][159][160][161]. , ( ; , ). . . , , [162].

[]

, , 1956

- 19471949 . 1967 («») , 450 .[163][164]

1967   , « , »[165][166]. 1960-  1970- . 1972 [167]. , . , , , [168]. « », [169].

1987 ( )[170]. 808 16 824 . 985 [171].

, 1987- 1993 , 157 , 4195 . - , 66 , 4918 .

1991 , , . 1991 [172][173].

. , . . « », 1993

, 1992 - , [174][175]. 1993 , , [176]. [177].

[178]

1995 .

1990- - [179] « -», [180].

2000 - - . 97 % , [181]. -, .

2001 - . , 7 . [182]. 2006 , - .

2002 . 2004 , , , . 2004 . , , . , .

, - (2000) 30 2008 4860 1200 [183][184][185].

2006 , [186] , . , , , .

2007 , , , . 14 , . , , [187], «». , .

2007 « » , , .[188]

, , « » , .[189][190][191]

. , . , , [192][193].

2008  2009 . « », , , . - , ́ , [194].

[]

[] ()

( ) . 1989 . , 1989 . . «» 19871990 . . «- ». 1990 , .

19891990 200 . ( 1990 35 . ).

, . , , « » 19956 . « » .

2004 22 , 1 , 2003 . 2005 23 (+4,4 %). 1989   10 100 (48,1 %). 4000 3000 , 18 21 % , , 2003 . , 2004 , 3700 (17,6 %) , 2000 (9,5 %) 1900 (9,0 %) . 2006 19 900 , 2005[195].

, , , , , . 50 , 20062008 [95][96]. - 2007 , 100 , 70 [196].

[] .

:

[] -

[]

1922 (Mejelle Mecelle[197] (18691876). 1922 , 1948   . 1984 [198] . Ÿ , , , [199]. 1980 , .[13]

1948 : «, , , , 6 5708 , 15 1948 , 1 1948 ». , , [200].

, , , [13]. , , [200].

11 ( ), 1958 2001 [201].

  (), [13]. , ,  [13]. (, , ) (, , ). . , . , , (. בית משפט גבוה לצדק, ).

, , -, : ( ) ; () , , ; () ; ; . (. ).

, , , « », « », , - [13].

- , , , ,  (,  . .)

[]

[]

,

    120 , .[202] . . . 2003 , .[16][203]

[]

.[16] , .[204] , 2000 , 7 .[205] 1963 , , 19632000 .

- [204] 4 . -, , , . , 45 , . 75   . 90- -, .

[]

2007

. , . , . , . ,   , . , ,   . , , , .[206][207]

, .[16] stare decisis () , . , .[206] : , , . , .[208]

, - .[209]

: (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) -, (5) , (6) 

[]

, «» (מחוזות; . .: )  , , , , -. 50 -, «» (נפות; ..: ), 15 [210]. : - - ( 3,15  ), (996 . ) - (531 600 )[211]. , [212],   732 100 126 ². -, -- 384 600, 267 000 222 300 [213].

[]

, «Freedom House» « ». , , , [214]. « » 46 168 , [215].

[] ,

, , [216][217][218][219], [220], , Amnesty International[221], «Human Rights Watch»[222] If Americans Knew. «»[223]. [224][225], ( , , , , )[226], , , [227], [228].

, If Americans Knew, . , If Americans Knew, , , , . , , [229].

, , , «Amnesty International». . , , [230], [231], [232], [233] [234] Amnesty International, , , .

, Media Watch International , , , , , [235][236][237][238]. CAMERA (Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America)[239].

If Americans Knew , ( 3 ), , ,   . , , , ( , ) [240].

, Washington ProFile, . , 2006 ( , .) $300, ( )  $44[241].

[]

156 99 .[242] . 1979 , 1994. 1999 . 2009 , 6 48 , . , 2000 , .[243][244] 2003 .[245] , , , , .[246] 1995 , .[247]

, , . , , . 1991 , 1949 , .[248] , , , .[249] , , .[250][251] 1992 .[252] , .[253] 23- . ,[254] .[255] 2009 « » 2010 [256][257][258].

[]

- . .

[]  

2007 . . 20 2008 . .

20 2008 .

[]

[]

- -,

2009 , , 205 (206 2008 , 198 2007 ). , , 54 ,   64 .[259]

- . 29- «˸ »[260] « ». 26 2008 « », Forbes, 16 .[261]

NASDAQ [262]. , NASDAQ: 61 61-  ( 2011 ).

-

.[263] - Better Place - 2011- ( ). , , .[264][265] [266], [267], Apple[268] , -  SAP, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Dell, Google, Cisco Systems Motorola. 2007 Iscar, , 4 $.[269]

, , - , . , .[270] 2008 2,4  , 98 %   .[271] 4,4 % 1,2 % .

, 2011 5,4 %[272].

[]

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , .[16] 2007 4,1 %.[16]

, , , , , , .[16] 14 % .[273] 2007 4,3 $, , , .[274] 2008 4 $.[275]

, , 400 $. . .[276]

. 2005 46,85 · 43,28  ·. 1,663  · ( ).[16]

[]

, . , .

: , , , , , .[16]

11292 , 2239 5374   . 1,3  .[277]

18900 5 %.[278][279].

440 . , 255 .[280] 6072 % .[280] , 60 % .[280]

95 %, . , , , .[280] 3,5 % .[280]

, , 95 . : 1:79,   1:14,7,   1:3,6.[281]

[]

, , . ,   , , .[282] 2012 5 .[283] . 9 2011 [284].

[]

[]

853 .   1435 [16].   17 686 ( ), 146   .[16] 53 . 30 , 23  .[16] 3   , () .   160 ;   442 .[16] , , .[16] 6 2007 .[285] . . «» 2001 .[286] «». ( ). , -, , .   .[287] - . 2011 .[288] .[289]

[]

, .

[]

, , h 012 Smile 013 NetVision. , , . :

  • 02  , ()
  • 03  , -, ()
  • 04  , ()
  • 08  , ()
  • 09  , , ()
  • 072  012 Smile
  • 073  013 NetVision
  • 077 
  • 050 
  • 052 
  • 054 
  • 057  ()

2008 , .

, 059.

[]

IT .[290] 2008 75,0 % 90 %   [291], . 2008 , .[292]

, 2009 , , 3,3 .   61,6 % 14 .[293]

- ( ISDN, ADSL, HDSL, Frame Relay, ATM, NGN) ( DOCSIS 3.0). -:

-:

IP-, .il -.[294]

[]
() () ,

  230 50 .

1989 , « H», , .

1989 , , « C». ; , 19 , , , ,  . , . ( H), ( C) . , - .

[]

  ( 31 2006   - ), , UPS, DHL, FedEx TNT N.V..

[]

- 1953 .[295]

55  . 2009 . 2005 74,4  . .[296]

, . . . 1990- .[295]

[]

- , 1954 . 1990- : « », « -» « ».[296] 2008 ( , ), . .[295]

  • (FIBI)
  • -
  • h ( )
  • - ( )
[]
  •   Citibank
  • ---  HSBC Bank

8:30 13:00, 16:00 18:30. 8:30 13:00, 16:00 18:30 8:30 12:30. 8:30 12:00. . .

[]

200

4 1985 ,   (. שקל חדש, , . New Israeli Sheqel). : , NIS, ISO-4217  ILS.

1948 . 1952 ( ), . 1952 ( ), 1000 . , , 4 1969 . . 22 1980 , , , . , , , . 13 2008 20 .[297] .

, 2010 , 45  [298].

1 2003 . 26 2008 , , CLS.[299]

, . , , ( ), . , , . , . , .

. . . .

[]

2006 (38,4 %) (6,5 %). 5,9 % .[16] 2006 : 12,4 %, 8,2 %, 6,7 %, 5,9 %, 5,1 %, 5,1 %.[16] , 2008 0,5  .[300]

. . :[301][302][303]


(..)
2005 3,4
2006 4,9
2007 5,6
2008 6,6
2009 7,0
2010 7,4

[]

2007 44- (232,7  ) 7,1  22 ( ) (33 299 ). 2010 [304], , . .[305]

2007 :   2,7 %,   30,2 %,   67,1 %.[16]

, 2011 5,8 %.[306]

2007 321,5 , 96 %. 16 .[307]

.[308]
2005
2003 541,500 545,977
2004 568,505 573,267
2005 602,504 582 290
2006 649,854 634,333
2007 686,011 667,340
2008 725,142 694,036
2009 766,118 698,994

[] .

[]

[]

() , - () - (). 1948 , , .[309] (), .[310] .[311]

-4,

. ,   .[312] () 40 . . ( ) ( ), . .[313][314] , , ( ), , .[315] , 168 . 408 . . .[316]

, , . : 30 $ 2008 2017[317]. - , «» (. חץ  «»), .[318]

. .[319][320] (. מרכבה  «»). , .[321] .

. , 1984 24 % .[322] 2007 7,3 %, , , - .[16]

.[323] 1991 , , , (), .[324]

[]

. 100 .[325] .[326]

  , 28 000 ( 8000  ). , 70 000 (« »).[327]

, .[328]   ,   , . , , .   , . , . ( ), . .   « ».

[]

: ( -) (. שרות ביטחון כללי  , . שב"כ  )  , (. אמ"ן (. המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, h- - -- )  « », .[329][330]

.[331] -.[330]

, , , , . .[330]

«»  .[332] . , , . .[333] «» , . «»   1200 , .[334]

[]

, . , 1995 .[335] . . . . (. קופת חולים), , : (. כללית  ), (. לאומית  ), (. מאוחדת  ) (. מכבי).[336]

, . ( , -). 100 $ 700 $ . , . . , , .

. , . - («») , , . («») . . 101 112[337][338].

, , .[336] .[339] (80,61 ) 2008 13 .[340];   . (4,28 /1000 ), 207 222.[341] 0,2 % , 101 169.[342] 28 .[343]

(OECD) 2011 , . 80,0 ,   84,0 ,   82 . OECD  76,6 . , , , . - , . 3,0 1000 , OECD  4,4. , , 43,5 % 52,2 % [344].

[]

18- , (́ ́). (-́ ́ ́), . .

:

  • , , ( , , .)
  • , ( .)
  • ( , , , , , , , , (), , , .)[345]

[]

, ,

- .[346] , , - .[347] , 1953 , : , , , . . , , - .[348]

.

3[349] 18 .[350][351] : (1-6 ), (7-9 ), (10-12 ). (. ) .   , , , , , , .[352] , , .[353] 2003 ().[354] .

.[352][355]   , , .[356]

2006 60[357] 119[358] .

:

, 34 % [360] (~30 ). 2011 45 % . 2- [361]. 1990- (40 % ) . , , , [362]. [363].

2002 2011, [364] [365][366].

, [367][368][369].

[]

3

1970 , . 1983 , , , . 1988 Ofeq «-1» (. פלמחים), , . - . 1 , ( 7 ) 70 , . .

( ) [370].

- «» - «»[371]. - ; , «-2» 2000 «» - «-1»[372].

2003 , . «».

[]

  • .
  • « ».

1952 ().

, 2006 200 . , - , 2008 , «150 »[373] « » [374].

3 2007 -, , : « ». , 2015 . 1970- . 1,5-2 $. , 6 % 2020 [375]. 2009 [376].

[]

2005

: , , , « » [377].

  , . ,   [378]. , , . : ,   .

    , [379], [380] [381].

7 , :

[]

. - , , , .

[]

  , XIX . , , . . 2001 - , . [390]. 2006 85 % 8000 , .[391] , . .

1966 .-. [392].

[393].

[]

-

. , , , , ,   [394][395]. , « », , [396]. [397], 70 200 [398].

1973 . , [399]. 1983   Red Sea Jazz Festival[400]. , . , 1918 -, [401].

[]

[402] ̸ ,[403] [402].

« -» 

« -»,  , [404]. -   , [405][406].

, . « » « » [407].

[408].

[]

, [409]. . , «» 1919 , Jerusalem Post 1932 ( ), « » 1939[410]. . 1948 «» 2007 « », 2010 [411].

. [412]. . , , , [409].

[412]. , , . , «», 59 12 : 7  , 6  , 3  , 3  , 2  , 2  , 1  , 1  , 1  1  [409].   2 10[412].

  1995 [412]. . , [412]. 2006 21 . , , , , , . - [409].

2007 (. Reporters sans frontières; RSF) , « , »[412]. 2005 « »[410].

[]

,

1922 , , [413]. ( 1948 ) , , .

, 1949 , , ,   . , [414]. , [415].

  , . , , , , .   , . , « » . , [416]. , , ,   . , , , . .

[]

, , « » « »[5]. , , [417]. ,   , , , : -, -, , , .




Circle frame.svg

2011 :

  (75.4%)

  (16.9%)

  (2.1%)

  (1.7%)

  (3.9%)

, 2010 75,41 % , 17,17 %  , 1,98 % , 1,65 % 3,79 % [418].

(5,8 .) 25 % ( 8 % , 17 % « »), 55 % 20 % [419].

. , 19,8 % , (82,6 %), 8,8 % 8,4 % .

1,98 % .   , « », 3,79 % «», . , « »[420].

,

, , , [421].

, , , , , - . , : , , .

, . , , .

[]

, , [422]. , -, . , . , .

, , , .

1-2 ראש השנה
-
5   5 (2 )
3 צום גדליה
6   6
10 יום כיפור
-
14   14 , 12
15 () סוכות
19   19
16-21 חול המועד סוכות
-
19   19 , ,  
21 הושענא רבא
-
19   19
22 שמחת תורה/שמיני עצרת
- /
26   26
12 יום הזיכרון ליצחק רבין
15   15 ,
25  2/3 חנוכה
27   27 (7 ),
10 צום עשרה בטבת
10 ( )
3   3
15 ט"ו בשבט
-
8   8
13 תענית אסתר
23   25 ,
14 ( 15) פורים
24   26 ,
15 פסח
26   25
16-20 חול המועד פסח
26   25 ,
21 שביעי של פסח
1   1
27 יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה
-
7   7 ,
4 יום הזיכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ונפגעי פעולות האיבה
-
14   14 ,
5 יום העצמאות
15   15
18 - (33 ) ל"ג בעומר
-
28   28
28 יום ירושלים
8   7
6 שבועות
15 14
17 17- שבעה עשר בתמוז
17-
10   10
9 9- ( ) תשעה באב
5   5 ,
15 15 ( ) ט"ו באב
-
11   11

[]

-,

, . , , , .

XIX . .

XX , .-. , , « ».[423]

() 1930 .[424]

, . .

.[425] 1964 . 1994 .   ;   .[426] «» (-) .[427] , «» (), 2004 , .[428]

. , 1964 1976 ( 1976 [429]). 1976 , . - . 2005 . . . , 2001 . , , , - 2007 .[430] 2008 .[431]

7 , , 2004 .[432] , , . , , , .

. , ( 1998 1999 - 200- 2000 500 ), ( 2000 2002 2004 , 1999 2001 ), ( 2002 ), ( 1994 ) ( (1999, 2000) - 2002 ), ( ) , 12 .

[] .


[]

  1. ( , № 194 11 1948 ), , . 1949 . 1967 , ( 478). , , , -, -  
  2. , 1949 .
  3. , , . , , ,
  4. 1 2
  5. 1 2 3
  6. Israel  (.). Country Report. Freedom House (2007). 22 2008.
  7. (). (2008). 1 2008.
  8. Wenham 1994, pp. 29697
  9. Barton & Bowden 2004, p. 126. «The Merneptah Stele is arguably the oldest evidence outside the Bible for the existence of Israel as early as the 13th century»
  10. Popular Opinion  (.), The Palestine Post (7 1947), . 1.
  11. On the Move  (.). TIME Magazine (31 1948). 1 2008.
  12. « »
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . - , . . , . .  . . . ., 2008, . 1023.
  14. 1 2
  15. « » -
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Israel  (.). The World Factbook. (19 2006). 1 2008.
  17. Area of Districts, Sub-Districts, Natural Regions and Lakes  (.). Statistical Abstract of Israel. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2006). 6 2008.
  18. Israel (Geography)  (.). Country Studies. The Library of Congress. 1 2008.
  19. -
  20. . . . -
  21. . Russia-on-line (24 2004). 21 2008.
  22. . . 16 2009.
  23. 1 2 224
  24. 2254
  25. 478 . . 23 2010.
  26. 497 . . 23 2010.
  27. Disputed territories: Forgotten Facts About the West Bank and Gaza Strip  (.). (1 2003). 6 2010.
  28. Danny Ayalon. Israel's Right in the 'Disputed' Territories // The Wall Street Journal. 30 2009.
  29. Danny Ayalon Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank YouTube . / .
  30. : « ». (6 2000). 6 2010.
  31. , « ». 6 2010.
  32. «» .  ??? (3 2001). 6 2010.
  33. . !
  34. .  
  35. Palestinians shun Israeli settlement restriction plan  (.), BBC (25 November 2009). 9 2010.
  36. Israels violations risk undermining international legal sytem, warns statement adopted by Bureau of Palestinian Rights Committee  (.)
  37. UNRWA in Figures: Figures as of 31 December 2004  (.). ( 2005). 27 2007.
  38. Palestinian Authority: Constitution, Government & Legislation // Source: U.S. Department of State. Jurist.law.pitt.edu. 3 2011.
  39. ,
  40. Leader of Palestinian Islamic Jihad admits Israeli security fence prevents suicide bombing attacks (IICC)  March 2008
  41. U.N. court rules West Bank barrier illegal.
  42. International Court of Justice: Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
  43. -- | |
  44. , MigNews.com (13.02.2010). 13 2010. « 70 .».
  45. ?, . (24.08.2005). 9 2010. « - , « » , ».
  46. , . , «» (23 2005). 9 2010. « , , , «» ».
  47. : 26 2008
  48. Makhteshim Country  (.). UNESCO. 8 2010.
  49.  (.). « ». 8 2010.
  50. 1 2 . «». 8 2010.
  51. « »  (.). IsraelInfo.ru (3 2010 .). 2 2010.
  52.  (.). Mignews (5 2010 .).  , . IPC . 2 2010.
  53.  (.). Mignews (10 2010 .).  , . , "" . Globes , , . 2 2010.
  54. . «». 1 2008.
  55. Goldreich 2003, p. 85
  56. Average Weather for Tel Aviv-Yafo  (.). The Weather Channel. 11 2007.
  57. Average Weather for Jerusalem  (.). The Weather Channel. 11 2007.
  58. : , . «» (6 2008). 1 2008.
  59. 1 2 2008 . NEWSru- (1 2008). 1 2008.
  60. . israelistate.net. 1 2008.
  61. : . NEWSru- (13 2008). 1 2008.
  62. . NEWSru- (17 2010). 17 2010.
  63. 1 2 3 . «». 28 2010.
  64. . . .  (.). 28 2010.
  65. ̸ . (7 2008). 12 2008.
  66. Soils of Israel  (.). IALC (15 2001). 2 2008.
  67. Soil Map and Satellite Image of Israel  (.). IALC (13 2003). 2 2008.
  68. Correlation List for the Soils of Israel  (.). IALC (15 2001). 2 2008.
  69. 1 2 . (-).
  70. 1 2 . «». 1 2008.
  71. Dr Laurie Marker. The Cheetah In Israel  (.). 2 2009.
  72. , . NEWSru (29 2008). 3 2011.
  73. 1 2 3 Israel  (.). Envoronment Data Compendium. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2007). 8 2008.
  74. 1 2 3 49- . aquaexpert.ru (2008). 1 2008.
  75. Water Consumption  (.). Environmental Indicators. Ministry of the Environment (2003). 1 2008.
  76. דו"ח מקורות: מאגרי המים של ישראל בסכנה  (). YNet. 2 2008.
  77. «»: . NEWSru- (17 2007). 2 2008.
  78. Monitoring of River Water Quality  (.). Environmental Indicators. Ministry of the Environment (2003). 1 2008.
  79. כמה מונה אוכלוסיית ישראל? של שנת 2011  7.8 מיליון תושבים במדינת  ()
  80. 1 2 Jews and others, by continent of origin, place of birth, sex and age  (.). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 3 2008.
  81. 1 2 The population, by religion and population group  (.). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 3 2008.
  82. . .
  83. Jews and others, by origin, continent of birth and period of immigration  (.). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 3 2008.
  84. Jewish population in the world and in Israel
  85. Tovah Lazaroff. Report: 12,400 new settlers in 2006  (.). The Jerusalem Post (10 2007). 23 2008.
  86. Settlements in the West Bank  (.). Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. 21 2009.
  87. Settlements in the Gaza Strip  (.). Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. 21 2009.
  88. Settlements in the Golan Heights  (.). Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. 21 2009.
  89. Settlements in East Jerusalem  (.). Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. 21 2009.
  90.  (.) Adriana Kemp. Labour migration and racialisation: labour market mechanisms and labour migration control policies in Israel. Social Identities 10:2, 267292, 2004
  91.  (.) CIA  The World Factbook  Country Comparison :: Net migration rate
  92. Pini Herman. The Myth of the Israeli Expatriate // Moment Magazine. 1983. . 8. № 8. . 6263. (.)
  93. 1 2
  94. 1 2 ?
  95. : . NEWSru (21 2008). 4 2008.
  96. Annual Survey 2008  (.) (pdf) p. 59. National Insurance Institute of Israel, Research and Planning Administration (2009). 3 2009.
  97. 1 2 3 . «». 7 2008.
  98. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 . (-).
  99. Walking the Bible Timeline  (.). Walking the Bible. Public Broadcast Television. 29 2007.
  100. . "". 7 2008.
  101. 1 2 Palestine: History  (.). The Online Encyclopedia of the Roman Provinces. The University of South Dakota (22 2007). 5 2007.
  102. Ancient Palestine  (.). (2007). 30 2007.
  103. Palestine: The Rise of Islam  (.) (2007). 19 2007.
  104. Palestine: 'Abbasid rule  (.) (2007). 19 2007.
  105. Palestine: The Crusades  (.) (2007). 19 2007.
  106. 1 2 3 Immigration  (.). Jewish Virtual Library. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 12 2007. The source provides information on the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Aliyot in their respective articles. The White Paper leading to Aliyah Bet is discussed here.
  107. Kornberg 1993 «How did Theodor Herzl, an assimilated German nationalist in the 1880s, suddenly in the 1890s become the founder of Zionism?»
  108. Herzl 1946, p. 11
  109. Chapter One: The Heralders of Zionism  (.). Jewish Agency for Israel. 12 2007.
  110. Stein 2003, p. 88
  111. Romano 2003, p. 30
  112.  (.).
  113. Balfour Declaration 1917  (.). The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Yale University (2 1917). 7 2008.
  114. Priscilla Mary Roberts. World War One.  ABC-CLIO, 2006.  P. 981.  ISBN 9781851098798
  115. Scharfstein 1996, p. 269. «During the First and Second Aliyot, there were many Arab attacks against Jewish settlements In 1920, Hashomer was disbanded and Haganah (The Defense) was established.»
  116. League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, July 24, 1922  (.). Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham University (24 1922). 5 2008.
  117. Liebreich 2005, p. 34
  118.  (.) J. V. W. Shaw. A Survey of Palestine. Vol 1: Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the Information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. Reprinted 1991 by The Institute for Palestine Studies, Washington, D. C. P. 148
  119. The Population of Palestine Prior to 1948  (.). MidEastWeb. 5 2008.
  120. Population Statistics  (.). Israeli Palestinian ProCon.org. 7 2008.
  121. Fraser 2004, p. 27
  122. Background Paper No. 47 (ST/DPI/SER.A/47). United Nations (20 1949). 2 2008.
  123. History: Foreign Domination  (.). (1 2006). 6 2007.
  124. Bregman 2002, p. 401
  125. 1 2
  126. 1 2 Part 3: Partition, War and Independence  (.). The Mideast: A Century of Conflict. National Public Radio (2 2002). 13 2007.
  127. 1 2 . # 1948 .
  128. 520 900 . , ; ,
  129. General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950. The United Nations Conciliation Commission (23 1950). 2 2008. (U.N. General Assembly Official Records, Fifth Session, Supplement No. 18, Document A/1367/Rev. 1)
  130. Stephen Van Evera. Nature of the Flashpoint. Center for International Studies. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 11 2007.
  131. Reveron & Murer 2006
  132. Two Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting. The United Nations (11 1949). 23 2008.
  133. Lustick 1988, pp. 379
  134. Israel (Labor Zionism). Country Studies. Library of Congress.
  135. Population, by Religion and Population Group. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2006). 7 2007.
  136. Shindler 2002, pp. 4950
  137. Adolf Eichmann  (.). Jewish Virtual Library. 18 2007.
  138. Justice Ministry Reply to Amnesty International Report. (5 1995). 10 2007.
  139. Bregman 2002, pp. 16970
  140. Encarta  Six-Day War
  141. The Suez Crisis  (.). University of San Diego (5 2005). 15 2007.
  142. :
  143. Smith 2006, p. 126. «Nasser, the Egyptian president, decided to mass troops in the Sinaicasus belli by Israel.»
  144. 1973: Arab states attack Israeli forces. On This Day. BBC. 15 2007.
  145. Bregman 2002, pp. 1714
  146. Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt March 26, 1979  (.)
  147. Camp David Accords September 17, 1978  (.)
  148. 487
  149. Harkavy & Neuman 2001, p. 270
  150. Amos Harel. Hezbollah kills 8 soldiers, kidnaps two in offensive on northern border  (.). Haaretz (13 2006). 7 2008.
  151. Hezbollah Raid Opens 2nd Front for Israel  (.). The Washington Post (13 2006). 5 2008.
  152. Hezbollah Captures Two Israeli Soldiers  (.). National Public Radio (12 2006). 5 2008.
  153. Clashes spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah raids Israel  International Herald Tribune
  154. חדשות nrg  חיזבאללה: חטפנו שני חיילים, שחררו אסירים
  155. Day-by-day: Lebanon crisis week one  (.). BBC (19 2006). 5 2008.
  156. Hezbollah: 2 Israeli Soldiers Captured  (.). China Radio International (12 2006). 5 2008.
  157. Halutz resignation spurs calls for Olmert, Peretz to quit too  (.), Haaretz (17 2007). 7 2008.
  158. Gilbert 2005, p. 58
  159. Terrorism deaths in Israel  19201999 // 1 Jan 2000
  160. The Interregnum The New York Times
  161. The Palestinian National Covenant  July 1968
  162. Maalot, Kiryat Shmona, and Other Terrorist Targets in the 1970s
  163. Edmund L. Andrews, John Kifner. George Habash, Palestinian Terrorism Tactician, Dies at 82  (.). The New York Times. 12 2008.
  164. Crowdy 2006, p. 333
  165. Intifada. Microsoft (2007). 16 2007.
  166. . :
  167. Clyde Haberman.. After 4 Years, Intifada Still Smolders, The New York Times (9 1991). 28 2008.
  168. Mowlana, Gerbner & Schiller 1992, p. 111
  169. Bregman 2002, p. 236
  170. From the End of the Cold War to 2001  (.). Boston College. 16 2007.
  171. Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements. (13 1993). 16 2007.
  172. Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition
  173. Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the DOP (Sept 1993), 24 Sep 2000
  174. Bregman 2002, p. 257
  175. The Wye River Memorandum  (.). (23 1998). 16 2007.
  176. Gelvin 2005, p. 240
  177. West Bank barrier route disputed, Israeli missile kills 2  (.). The Associated Press (via USA Today) (29 2004). 16 2007.
  178. In Memory of the Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism
  179. - (2005). , .
  180. «»
  181. : , «» , 4 2007 .
  182. Isolation of Gaza Chokes Off Trade  (.). The New York Times (19 2007). 12 2008.
  183. 5,000 . NEWSru- (29 2006). 21 2008.
  184. , 26/08/2008 ©
  185. La Stampa: « ». NEWSru.com (11 2006).  La Stampa. 4 2009.
  186. . Corriere Della Sera: « , , ». NEWSru.com (30 2005).  Corriere Della Sera. 4 2009.
  187. , . . , :
    . , . (15 2010 ). 16 2010..
  188. : 2007 7 100 000 . NEWSru- (28 2006). 6 2008.
  189. : Majallah el-Ahkam-i-Adilya, . Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye
  190. REPEAL OF MEJELLE LAW, 5744-1984
  191. A Guide to Legal Research in Israel
  192. 1 2 . . . . 20 2008.
  193. . . . . 20 2008.
  194. The Electoral System in Israel. The Knesset. 8 = 2007.
  195. Mazie 2006, p. 34
  196. 1 2 Field Listing Executive Branch  (.). The World Factbook. (19 2007). 20 2007.
  197. Excerpts from the Basic Law: The President  (.). 23 2008.
  198. 1 2 The Judiciary: The Court System  (.). (1 2005). 5 2007.
  199. Israels high court unique in region  (.), The Boston Herald (9 2007). 15 2007.
  200. The State Judiciary The Court System  (.). (1 2006). 22 2011.
  201. Israel and the International Criminal Court  (.). Office of the Legal Adviser to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (30 2002). 20 2007.
  202. Introduction to the Tables: Geophysical Characteristics  (.) (doc). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 4 2008.
  203. Localities, Population, and Density  (.). 2 2008.
  204. Press Release: Jerusalem Day  (.). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (24 2006). 10 2007.
  205. Population of Localities numbering above 1,000 residents and other rural population on 31/12/2006  (.). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (31 2006). 29 2007.
  206. Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2007  (.). Freedom House (2007). 12 2007.
  207. Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2006  (.). Reporters Without Borders. 19 2007.
  208. Ahmadinejad rails against Israel for «genocide» against Palestinians  On Deadline
  209. Russia Criticizes Israel for Offensive, Breitbart.com
  210. Condolisa Rice criticizes Israel for settlement expansion
  211. Nicolas Sarcozy criticizes Israels settlement expansion, Peoples daily, June 23, 2008
  212. UN blames Israel for Gaza humanitarian crisis
  213. Israel and the Occupied Territories  (.). Amnesty International Report 2006. (2006). 20 2007.
  214. Israel/Palestinian Authority  (.). Human Rights Watch. 20 2007.
  215. Land Grab: Israels Settlement Policy in the West Bank  (.). BTselem ( 2002). 9 2007.
  216. IDF doctor says Dirani rape
  217. Tortures of Detainess Report
  218. Situation in the Occupied territories
  219. Palestinian Homes Demolition Report
  220. Testimony of Abu Karsh
  221. Analyzing Media about Israel
  222. DR Congo blasts Amnesty International report on repression, The Namibian, 14 2000. 15 2006.
  223. The U.S. and China This Week, U.S.-China Policy Foundation, 16 2001. 15 2006.
  224. The Cream of The Diplomatic Crop from Ha Noi., THIEN LY B?U TOA. 15 2006.
  225. Russian official blasts Amnesty International over Chechnya refugees, Human Rights Violations in Chechnya, 22 2003. 15 2006.
  226. Press Briefing By Scott McClellan, The White House, 25 2005. 30 2006.
  227. «» « 2002». . Media Watch International (4 2003). 23 2007. 20 2012.
  228. «- » . . Media Watch International (18 2003). 25 2007. 20 2012.
  229. «». . Media Watch International (16 2003). 25 2007. 20 2012.
  230. . . Media Watch International (19 2004). 27 2005. 20 2012.
  231. CAMERA
  232. US assistance to Israel  (.).
  233. «». Washington ProFile (23 2007). 11 2010.
  234. Israels Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of Relations  (.). (August 2010). 31 2011.
  235. Israel Among the Nations: Middle East North Africa  (.). (1 2006). 12 2008.
  236. : "" 10 , NEWSru (6  2009).
  237. Israel sees Morocco as mediator  (.). BBC (2 2003). 28 2007.
  238. הוראות הדין הישראלי  (). Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2004). 21 2011.
  239. Week of 8-14 March 2000  (.). North Atlantic Treaty Organization (13 2001). 21 2007.
  240. Abadi 2004, p. 3. «However, it was not until 1991 that the two countries established full diplomatic relations.»
  241. Abadi 2004, pp. 4-6
  242. Germany and Israel  (.). Background Papers. German Embassy, Washington, D.C.. 23 2007.
  243. Israel welcomes new Germany to a celebration of its 60th birthday  (.). Times Online (17 2008). 7 2008.
  244. Dinesh Kumar. India and Israel: Dawn of a New Era  (.). Jerusalem Institute for Western Defense. 23 2007.
  245. UK and Israel  (.). Background Papers. . 19 2007.
  246. Abadi 2004, pp. 37-9, 47
  247. Abadi 2004, pp. 47-9
  248. . (8 2010). 18 2010.
  249. : . REGNUM (02.06.2010). 3 2010.
  250. . (02.06.2010). 7 2010.
  251. : CIA World Factbook 2009  (.)
  252. Economy Rankings Middle East & North Africa. The World Bank Group. 8 2010.
  253. Best Countries for Business. Forbes (28 2007). 4 2007.
  254. NASDAQ Appoints Asaf Homossany as New Director for Israel. NASDAQ (6 2005). 4 2007.
  255. Mitch Ginsburg.. A Hotter Holy Land, The Jerusalem Report (28 2007). 30 2007.
  256. Israel keen on IT tie-ups  (.). The Hindu Business Line (10 2001). 4 2007.
  257. Israel: Punching above its weight  (.). The Economist (14 2005). 4 2007.
  258. Avi Krawitz.. Intel to expand Jerusalem R&D  (.), The Jerusalem Post (27 2007). 4 2007.
  259. Israel R&D Center: Leadership Team  (.). . 4 2007.
  260. Scheer, Steven. Apple to open R&D center in Israel: report, Reuters (December 15, 2011). 15 2012.
  261. Buffet ready to buy a «big business»  (.). IHT. 6 2008.
  262. Israel: U.S. Foreign Assistance
  263. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
  264. 2011  5,4 %
  265. . 4 2008.
  266. . 4 2008.
  267. - , «» . 4 2008.
  268. : . 4 2008.
  269. וואלה! חדשות  ()
  270. .    (.)
  271. 1 2 3 4 5 . 4 2008.
  272. « » 
  273. Nathan Burstein.. Tourist visits above pre-war level  (.), The Jerusalem Post. 4 2007.
  274.  (14 2007). 5 2008.
  275. , . .net (11 2011). 12 2011.
  276. . 5 2008.
  277. Facets of the Israeli Economy Transportation. 5 2008.
  278. Haifa Carmelit subway  (.). 5 2008.
  279. . NEWSru-. 5 2008.
  280. הרכבת הקלה במטרופולין חיפה  (). 5 2008.
  281. Country profile: Israel and Palestinian territories. Middle Middle East Press Profiles. --. 23 2008.
  282. Internet Usage in Israel
  283. . 10 2008.
  284. |   | | : |
  285. - (),  (.)
  286. 1 2 3 Israel  (.). «Britannica». 6 2008.
  287. 1 2 . «». 6 2008.
  288. 13 . NEWSru-. 5 2008.
  289. Annual Report of the Bank of Israel Currency Department for 2010.
  290. . NEWSru. 4 2008.
  291. , . NEWSru-. 4 2008.
  292. 7,3 
  293. Israel arms exports topped $7.3b in 2010
  294. About the OECD  (.). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 5 2008.
  295. : . 5.8% (23 2011). 25 2011.
  296. : 319 1,28 , NEWSru- (9 2008 ). 5 2008.
  297. Expenditure on gross domestic product, at market prices  (). Central Bureu of Statistics (10 2010). 4 2010.
  298. History: 1948  (.). Israel Defense Forces (2007). 31 2007.
  299. Henderson 2003, p. 97
  300. Israel Defense Forces  (.). GlobalSecurity.org. 16 2007.
  301. The Israel Defense Forces  (.). . 7 2008.
  302. Stendel 1997, pp. 1912
  303. Nehemia Shtrasler. Cool law, for wrong population  (.). Haaretz (16 2007). 7 2008.
  304. Sherut Leumi (National Service)  (.). Nefesh BNefesh (4 2007). 7 2008.
  305. . .
  306. Steven Erlanger.. Israel to Get $30 Billion in Military Aid From U.S.  (.), The New York Times (17 2007). 23 2007.
  307. Yaakov Katz. Arrow can fully protect against Iran  (.). The Jerusalem Post (30 2007). 16 2007.
  308. Zorn E. L. Israels Quest for Satellite Intelligence  (.). (8 2007). 16 2007.
  309. Yaakov Katz. Analysis: Eyes in the sky  (.). The Jerusalem Post (11 2007). 16 2007.
  310. . : . (7 2007). 11 2009.
  311. Charmaine Seitz. Israels Defense Budget: The Business Side of War  (.). The Jerusalem Fund (30 2001). 16 2007. (first appeared in Information Brief No. 64)
  312. -. Transcript of the Director Generals Interview with Al-Ahram News  (.). (27 2004). 22 2007.
  313. Israel Homeowner Glossary  (.). Homeowner. 4 2008.
  314. . 7 2008.
  315. . 21 2008.
  316. Volunteers for the Civil Guard  (.). 7 2008.
  317. . 7 2008.
  318. Reorganizing Israel's Intelligence Community  (.). 2 2008.
  319. 1 2 3 Israels Secret Agencies  (.). 2 2008.
  320. Core Values of the Israel Security Agency  (.). 2 2008.
  321. «». 2 2008.
  322. Mossad The Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim  (.). Globalsecurity. 2 2008.
  323. . . . «miLitera» (« »). 8 2009.
  324. Public Health in Israel  (.). The Jewish Virtual Library ( 2002). 2 2008.
  325. 1 2 . Israel diplomatic network. 2 2008.
  326. . . 3 2008.
  327. What is 112?
  328. Home Page
  329. Rank Order Life expectancy at birth  (.). . 3 2008.
  330. Rank Order Infant mortality rate  (.). . 3 2008.
  331. Rank Order Rank Order HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate  (.). . 20 2011.
  332. 28
  333. . . 2010 . .№ 1100210070
  334. Comparing Education Statistics Across the World  (.). Global Education Digest 2004. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2004). 4 2007.
  335. Human Development Indicators  (.). Human Development Report 2005. United Nations (2 2007). 4 2007.
  336. Franklin Parker. ED250227 Israeli Schools: Religious and Secular Problems  (.). Education Resources Information Center (10 1984). 6 2008.
  337. 27 :
  338. Or Kashti, Shahar Ilan. Knesset raises school dropout age to 18  (.). Haaretz (19 2007). 5 2007.
  339. Summary of the Principal Laws Related to Education  (.). . 4 2007.
  340. 1 2 Education  (.). Ministry of Immigrant Absorption. 5 2007.
  341. The Israeli Matriculation Certificate  (.). United States-Israel Educational Foundation via the University of Szeged University Library. 5 2007.
  342. Pupils in Grade XII, matriculation examinees and entitled to a certificate  (.). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2 2007.
  343. Higher Education in Israel  (.). Embassy of Israel in Washington, DC. 10 2007.
  344. About the Library. Jewish National and University Library. 5 2007.
  345. Top 500 World Universities (1-100)  (.). 2 2007.
  346. The Worlds Top 200 Universities  (.). International Comparisons. Times Higher Education Supplement. 4 2007.
  347. : « »
  348. World Education Indicators 2007. UNESCO. 8 2010.
  349. Dov Sitton. Development of Limited Water Resources Historical and Technological Aspects  (.). Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20 2003). 7 2007.
  350. Gershon Grossman, Ofira Ayalon, Yifaat Baron, Debby Kaufman. Solar energy for the production of heat  (.). Samuel Neaman Institute. 7 2007.
  351. The magnificent 10: Israels Nobel laureates  (.). The Jerusalem Post (October 6, 2011). 4 2011.
  352. Michael Heylin.. Globalization Of Science Rolls On  (.), Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society (27 2006), . 2631. 21 2007.
  353. Evelyn Gordon.. Kicking the global oil habit  (.), The Jerusalem Post (24 2006). 4 2007.
  354. , . Mignews (31 2009). 1 2009.
  355. Israel: IT Workforce. Information Technology Landscape in Nations Around the World. American University. 14 2007.
  356. «»
  357. ..
  358. - TecSar
  359. Israel «has 150 nuclear weapons». BBC. 30 2008.
  360. .
  361. -: « ». NEWSru- (4 2007 ). 30 2008.
  362. . NEWSru.com (31 2009). 3 2009.
  363. Immigration and Social and Cultural Diversity Among the Jewish Population. International Youth Foundation. 6 2007.
  364. Jewish Festivals and Days of Remembrance in Israel. . 16 2007.
  365. Ami Ran. Encounters: The Vernacular Paradox of Israeli Architecture  (.). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (25 1998). 6 2007.
  366. David Brinn.. Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian DJs create bridge for peace  (.), Israel21c (23 2005). 16 2007.
  367. Yael Dolev. Some Thoughts About Israeli Cuisine  (.). University of Michigan Integrative Medicine. The University of Michigan. 6 2007.
  368. Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls  (.). World Heritage List № 148. UNESCO (1981). 9 2008.
  369. Masada  (.). World Heritage List № 1040. UNESCO (2001). 9 2008.
  370. Old City of Acre  (.). World Heritage List № 1042. UNESCO (2001). 9 2008.
  371. White City of Tel-Aviv the Modern Movement  (.). World Heritage List № 1096. UNESCO (2003). 9 2008.
  372. Biblical Tels Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba  (.). World Heritage List № 1108. UNESCO (2005). 9 2008.
  373. Incense Route Desert Cities in the Negev  (.). World Heritage List № 1107. UNESCO (2005). 9 2008.
  374. Bahái Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee  (.). World Heritage List № 1120. UNESCO (2005). 9 2008.
  375. Three new sites inscribed on UNESCOs World Heritage List  (.). UNESCO (2005). 9 2008.
  376. Depositing Books to The Jewish National & University Library  (.). Jewish National and University Library. 21 2007.
  377. Israeli Book Statistics for 2006  (.). Jewish National and University Library. 12 2007.
  378. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966  (.). Nobel Foundation. 12 2007.
  379. , . 7 2010.
  380. Broughton, Ellingham & Trillo 1999, p. 3659
  381. Israel  (.). World Music. National Geographic Society. 13 2007.
  382. Israeli Folk  (.). World Music. National Geographic Society. 13 2007.
  383. Israel (country)  (.). Microsoft Encarta (2007). 13 2007.
  384. Israel Philharmonic Orchestra celebrates 70th anniversary  (.). (5 2007). 13 2007.
  385. Israel  (.). Eurovision Song Contest. Eurovision Broadcasting Union. 13 2007.
  386. Red Sea Jazz Festival Eilat. Red Sea Jazz Festival. 7 2008.
  387. התיאטרון הלאומי הבימה  (). Habima National Theatre. 7 2008.
  388. 1 2 About the Museum. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. 13 2007.
  389. Minting in the Land of Israel  (.). The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. 7 2008.
  390. () . -. 7 2008.
  391. Museum Information  (.). Beth Hatefutsoth. 7 2008.
  392. , . Il Museum's. TravelNet. 7 2008.
  393. , MIGnews
  394. 1 2 3 4 : . «» (8 2006). 3 2008.
  395. 1 2 The press in Israel  (.). Middle East Press Profiles. BBC Monitoring (8 2006). 23 2008.
  396. . TGI: « » 40 % , «» «»  (). ICE.co.il (20.07.2011). 27 2011.
  397. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Country profile: Israel and Palestinian territories  (.). Middle East Press Profiles. BBC Monitoring. 23 2008.
  398. . . 3 2008.
  399. -. : . .. . 3 2008.
  400. . 4 2008.
  401. The Law of Return. Knesset. 14 2007.
  402. Population, by religion and population group, 2010 (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 29 2012.
  403. Daniel J. Elazar. Religion in Israel: A Consensus for Jewish Tradition. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 6 2007.
  404. Israels Christian population numbers 148,000 as of Christmas Eve
  405. National Population Estimates. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 6 2007.
  406. :
  407. Simon Griver. Sports in Israel. Jewish Virtual Library ( 1999). 13 2007.
  408. . 2007 5767 3 (179). Jewish Virtual Library ( 2007). 2 2008.
  409. Torstrick 2004, p. 141. «The two most popular spectator sports in Israel are soccer and basketball»
  410. Basketball Super League Profile  (.). Winner Basketball Super League. 13 2007.
  411. Daniel Bouskila.. Israel Wins More Than Hoop Crown  (.), The Jewish Journal (13 2005). 21 2007.
  412. . « » (14 2004). 26 2009.
  413. 22nd Chess Olympiad: Haifa 1976
  414. Marissa Levy. Local grandmaster takes second place at World Chess Championship  (.). The Jerusalem Post (1 2007). 11 2007.
  415. 38- , , 2008
  416. Olympic Medal Winners (under Europe / Israel)  (.). International Olympic Committee. 18 2009.

[]

[]

  • Abadi, Jacob (2004), Israels Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy, Routledge, ISBN 0714655767 
  • Ausubel, Natan (1964), The Book of Jewish Knowledge, New York, New York: Crown Publishers, ISBN 051709746X 
  • Barton, John & Bowden, Julie (2004), The Original Story: God, Israel and the World, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0802829007 
  • Barzilai, Gad (1996), Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-2943-1 
  • Best, Anthony (2003), International History of the Twentieth Century, Routledge, ISBN 0415207398 
  • Bregman, Ahron (2002), A History of Israel, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0333676319 
  • Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark & Trillo, Richard (1999), World Music: The Rough Guide, Rough Guides, ISBN 1858286352 
  • Cole, Tim (2003), Holocaust City: The Making of a Jewish Ghetto, Routledge, ISBN 0415929687 
  • Crowdy, Terry (2006), The Enemy Within: A History of Espionage, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1841769339 
  • Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1975), Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, State University of New York Press, ISBN 087395291X 
  • Fraser, T. G. (2004), The Arab-Israeli conflict, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 9780333717066 
  • Friedland, Roger & Hecht, Richard (2000), To Rule Jerusalem, University of California Press, ISBN 0520220927 
  • Gelvin, James L. (2005), The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521852897 
  • Martin Gilbert. The Routledge atlas of the Arab-Israeli conflict.  Routledge, 2002.  156 .  ISBN 9780415281164
  • Gilbert, Martin (2005), The Routledge Atlas Of The Arab-Israeli Conflict (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0415359007 
  • Goldreich, Yair (2003), The Climate of Israel: Observation, Research and Application, Springer, ISBN 030647445X 
  • Hamilton, Victor P. (1995), The Book of Genesis (2nd revised ed.), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0802823092 
  • Harkavy, Robert E. & Neuman, Stephanie G. (2001), Warfare and the Third World, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312240120 
  • Henderson, Robert D'A. (2003), Brasseys International Intelligence Yearbook (2003 ed.), Brasseys Inc., ISBN 1574885502 
  • , (1946), The Jewish State, American Zionist Emergency Council, ISBN 0486258491 
  • Jacobs, Daniel (1988), Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide (2nd revised ed.), Rough Guides, ISBN 1858282489 
  • Kellerman, Aharon (1993), Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0791412954 
  • Kornberg, Jacques (1993), Theodor Herzl: From Assimilation to Zionism, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253332036 
  • Liebreich, Fritz (2005), Britains Naval and Political Reaction to the Illegal Immigration of Jews to Palestine, 19451948, Routledge, ISBN 0714656372 
  • Lustick, Ian (1988), For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, Council on Foreign Relations Press, ISBN 0876090366 
  • Mazie, Steven (2006), Israels Higher Law: Religion and Liberal Democracy in the Jewish State, Lexington Books, ISBN 0739114859 
  • Morçöl, Göktuğ (2006), Handbook of Decision Making, CRC Press, ISBN 1574445480 
  • Mowlana, Hamid; Gerbner, George & Schiller, Herbert I. (1992), Triumph of the Image: The Medias War in the Persian Gulf A Global Perspective, Westview Press, ISBN 0813316103 
  • Romano, Amy (2003), A Historical Atlas of Israel, The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 0823939782 
  • Reveron, Derek S. & Murer, Jeffrey Stevenson (2006), Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism, Routledge, ISBN 0415954908 
  • Rosenzweig, Rafael (1997), The Economic Consequences of Zionism, T Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 9004091475 
  • Rummel, Rudolph J. (1997), Power Kills: Democracy As a Method of Nonviolence, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0765805235 
  • Scharfstein, Sol (1996), Understanding Jewish History, KTAV Publishing House, ISBN 0881255459 
  • Shindler, Colin (2002), The Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, I. B. Tauris Publishers, ISBN 186064774X 
  • Skolnik, Fred (2007), Encyclopedia Judaica, vol. 9 (2nd ed.), Macmillian, ISBN 0028659287 
  • Smith, Derek (2006), Deterring America: Rogue States and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521864658 
  • Stein, Leslie (2003), The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0275971414 
  • Stendel, Ori (1997), The Arabs in Israel, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 1898723230 
  • Stone, Russell A. & Zenner, Walter P. (1994), Critical Essays on Israeli Social Issues and Scholarship, SUNY Press, ISBN 0791419592 
  • Torstrick, Rebecca L. (2004), Culture and Customs of Israel, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0313320918 
  • Wenham, Gordon J. (1994), Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 2 (Genesis 16-50), ISBN 0849902010 
  • , . - . : 19762005.