| מדינת ישראל ́ ́ |
دولة إسرائيل ́ ́ |
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% . |
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1967 , , ( ), . , 2009 470 [35]. [36]. - .
1993 , , 12 % , , . , . () , , , . 18 % , 55 % , 21 % 41 % , 61 % 4 % , [38].
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2005 , , . 2006 «», [45][46], , .
«» 2007 « »[47]. , 2008 . 2008 , « ».
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, 250 .( : 260 .) «́» 300 . , «́» 20 . ³, 453 . ³. , 15 . , . 550 . [54].
, , , , . ̸ [50].
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. 1080 . 20 . 700 100 [55].
, . , . , , , [56]. , - , . (+53,7 °C, +129 °F) 1942 , . [57][58].
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, 300 . ̸ [64]. , (--) (70 ), ; (32 )[65], , (26 ), -[64].
. 166 ² 21 10 . 212 [64]. ̸ [66][67]. , 417 . ̸ .
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60 % , 40 % .
1965 , .
, , , , , , [72].
100 ( , [73], , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ), 500 ( , , , , , , , , , -, : , , ; ; ( ), ( ), , , , , ( ), , , . : , , ( ), .), 100 7 . , [71]. [72]. 2008 35 % [74].
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, , [75].
Environmental Performance Index, 2008 , 49 149[76]. , [77], [60]. 2008 228 () [78][79]. ̸ 1970- [75].
, , [76][80]. Environmental Performance Index [75][76].
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[81], 29 2010 , , (200 . .), 7,825 . 5,892 . (75,3 %) , 1,604 . (20,5 %) ( - , , -) 329 . (4,2 %) , () [82][83]. 2000 1,9 %, 1,2 %. , -, , 0,7 %[82][83].
3,1 (56 %) (, ) 2,39 (44 %) (). 1,5 . , 740 000 , 230 . , 210 . , 105 . . 2,2 , 40 %, 0,9 [84][85]. 2009 42 % [86].
270 . , - [87][88]. , -, . 500 . ( 6,5 % ). 7800 2005 [89]. 18 . [90]. 250 . 2006 [91].
, 1970 . 1/4 1/5 .
, . , 200 .[92].
, , (2,37 1000), 37 [93].
2008 2,77 , [16]. 2008 1,713 %, [16].
(330 ./²) 24 [97].
2008 2005 , 19,9 % « ». « » , , 50 % (1493,1 2005 ). , (20042005). [98].
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1800 300 ., 5 . ( , ). - , , . ( 25 .) , . , [100].
1800-31 (). - , ( ), ; . [100].
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XIX -. , , (1837), 2 . , .
1880 450 . , 24 . . : ( 25- ), (4 .), (2,5 .) (800), (1 .) (300). [100].
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(190414 ) . 40 . [109]. [113], , [114].
, , , . [115].
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, . , « »[116]. , - , . - -[117].
191923 ( ) 40 . , . . , , 90 . . , .
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1930- , , . 19361939 « » 1939 , . , , . « - », [109].
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1945 [124] 1947 , , [125]. 29 1947 ( № 181). 1 1948 : . , , , [14]. .
, , , «» ( ), [126]. , () [127] , , 67 % , [128].
14 1948 , , - , [129]. (, , , ) , - , « »[129].
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«-́» (. النكبة) «». , , , , . , 800 . [132]. , , , 600 . 820 . . , - [133][134].
, 1949 , , , ; . 80 % ( ). « ».
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(1960) , , . «» « » . [140]. , [141].( 30 1948 ).
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, , , [143].
1956 , , . [144].
1967 , , . -. .[145] (casus belli), [146]. , , , , . 1949 . .
6 1973 , ( ) , . . 25 [147]. , , [148]. , - .
1978 , . [149]. 26 1979 - [150] ( - [151]), .
1982 , , . « », ( «» [153]). 1985 , , 2000 .
2000 - .
12 2006 , , [155][156][157][158][159][160][161]. , ( ; , ). . . , , [162].
[]
- 1920
- 1929 1929 ,
- 19361939 1936-1939
- 1947
- 1948 - 19471949
- 19481950
- 19501967
- 1967 ,
- 1970 ( )
- 19721982
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- 1982 ,
- 19871991
- 1991 -
- 19931995
- 1994
- 2000 - (2000), -
- 2005
- 2008 2009 « »
- 19471949 . 1967 («») , 450 .[163][164]
1967 , « , »[165][166]. 1960- 1970- . 1972 [167]. , . , , , [168]. « », [169].
1987 ( )[170]. 808 16 824 . 985 [171].
, 1987- 1993 , 157 , 4195 . - , 66 , 4918 .
, 1992 - , [174][175]. 1993 , , [176]. [177].
1995 .
2001 - . , 7 . [182]. 2006 , - .
2002 . 2004 , , , . 2004 . , , . , .
, - (2000) 30 2008 4860 1200 [183][184][185].
2007 , , , . 14 , . , , [187], «». , .
2008 2009 . « », , , . - , ́ , [194].
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2004 22 , 1 , 2003 . 2005 23 (+4,4 %). 1989 10 100 (48,1 %). 4000 3000 , 18 21 % , , 2003 . , 2004 , 3700 (17,6 %) , 2000 (9,5 %) 1900 (9,0 %) . 2006 19 900 , 2005[195].
, , , , , . 50 , 20062008 [95][96]. - 2007 , 100 , 70 [196].
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1922 (Mejelle Mecelle[197]) (18691876). 1922 , 1948 . 1984 [198] . Ÿ , , , [199]. 1980 , .[13]
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, , [216][217][218][219], [220], , Amnesty International[221], «Human Rights Watch»[222] If Americans Knew. «»[223]. [224][225], ( , , , , )[226], , , [227], [228].
, If Americans Knew, . , If Americans Knew, , , , . , , [229].
, , , «Amnesty International». . , , [230], [231], [232], [233] [234] Amnesty International, , , .
, Media Watch International , , , , , [235][236][237][238]. CAMERA (Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America)[239].
If Americans Knew , ( 3 ), , , . , , , ( , ) [240].
, Washington ProFile, . , 2006 ( , .) $300, ( ) $44[241].
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156 99 .[242] . 1979 , 1994. 1999 . 2009 , 6 48 , . , 2000 , .[243][244] 2003 .[245] , , , , .[246] 1995 , .[247]
, , . , , . 1991 , 1949 , .[248] , , , .[249] , , .[250][251] 1992 .[252] , .[253] 23- . ,[254] .[255] 2009 « » 2010 [256][257][258].
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20 2008 .
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NASDAQ [262]. , NASDAQ: 61 61- ( 2011 ).
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, , - , . , .[270] 2008 2,4 , 98 % .[271] 4,4 % 1,2 % .
, 2011 5,4 %[272].
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, , , , , , .[16] 14 % .[273] 2007 4,3 $, , , .[274] 2008 4 $.[275]
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, , 95 . : 1:79, 1:14,7, 1:3,6.[281]
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, , . , , , .[282] 2012 5 .[283] . 9 2011 [284].
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, 2010 , 45 [298].
1 2003 . 26 2008 , , CLS.[299]
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2006 (38,4 %) (6,5 %). 5,9 % .[16] 2006 : 12,4 %, 8,2 %, 6,7 %, 5,9 %, 5,1 %, 5,1 %.[16] , 2008 0,5 .[300]
(..) |
|
|---|---|
| 2005 | 3,4 |
| 2006 | 4,9 |
| 2007 | 5,6 |
| 2008 | 6,6 |
| 2009 | 7,0 |
| 2010 | 7,4 |
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2007 44- (232,7 ) 7,1 22 ( ) (33 299 ). 2010 [304], , . .[305]
2007 : 2,7 %, 30,2 %, 67,1 %.[16]
, 2011 5,8 %.[306]
2007 321,5 , 96 %. 16 .[307]
| 2005 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 541,500 | 545,977 |
| 2004 | 568,505 | 573,267 |
| 2005 | 602,504 | 582 290 |
| 2006 | 649,854 | 634,333 |
| 2007 | 686,011 | 667,340 |
| 2008 | 725,142 | 694,036 |
| 2009 | 766,118 | 698,994 |
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, , .[336] .[339] (80,61 ) 2008 13 .[340]; . (4,28 /1000 ), 207 222.[341] 0,2 % , 101 169.[342] 28 .[343]
(OECD) 2011 , . 80,0 , 84,0 , 82 . OECD 76,6 . , , , . - , . 3,0 1000 , OECD 4,4. , , 43,5 % 52,2 % [344].
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, 34 % [360] (~30 ). 2011 45 % . 2- [361]. 1990- (40 % ) . , , , [362]. [363].
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( ) [370].
- «» - «»[371]. - ; , «-2» 2000 «» - «-1»[372].
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, 2006 200 . , - , 2008 , «150 »[373] « » [374].
3 2007 -, , : « ». , 2015 . 1970- . 1,5-2 $. , 6 % 2020 [375]. 2009 [376].
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1973 . , [399]. 1983 Red Sea Jazz Festival[400]. , . , 1918 -, [401].
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, . « » « » [407].
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, [409]. . , «» 1919 , Jerusalem Post 1932 ( ), « » 1939[410]. . 1948 «» 2007 « », 2010 [411].
[412]. , , . , «», 59 12 : 7 , 6 , 3 , 3 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 1 [409]. 2 10[412].
1995 [412]. . , [412]. 2006 21 . , , , , , . - [409].
2007 (. Reporters sans frontières; RSF) , « , »[412]. 2005 « »[410].
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, . , , , , . , . , « » . , [416]. , , , . , , , . .
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, 2010 75,41 % , 17,17 % , 1,98 % , 1,65 % 3,79 % [418].
(5,8 .) 25 % ( 8 % , 17 % « »), 55 % 20 % [419].
. , 19,8 % , (82,6 %), 8,8 % 8,4 % .
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, , , [421].
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6 6 | ||
| 10 | יום כיפור - |
14 14 | , 12 | |
| 15 | () | סוכות |
19 19 | |
| 16-21 | חול המועד סוכות - |
19 19 | , , | |
| 21 | הושענא רבא - |
19 19 | ||
| 22 | שמחת תורה/שמיני עצרת - / |
26 26 | ||
| 12 | יום הזיכרון ליצחק רבין |
15 15 | , | |
| 25 2/3 | חנוכה |
27 27 | (7 ), | |
| 10 | צום עשרה בטבת 10 ( ) |
3 3 | ||
| 15 | ט"ו בשבט - |
8 8 | ||
| 13 | תענית אסתר |
23 25 | , | |
| 14 ( 15) | פורים |
24 26 | , | |
| 15 | פסח |
26 25 | ||
| 16-20 | חול המועד פסח |
26 25 | , | |
| 21 | שביעי של פסח |
1 1 | ||
| 27 | יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה - |
7 7 | , | |
| 4 | יום הזיכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ונפגעי פעולות האיבה - |
14 14 | , | |
| 5 | יום העצמאות |
15 15 | ||
| 18 | - (33 ) | ל"ג בעומר - |
28 28 | |
| 28 | יום ירושלים |
8 7 | ||
| 6 | שבועות |
15 14 | ||
| 17 | 17- | שבעה עשר בתמוז 17- |
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- ( , № 194 11 1948 ), , . 1949 . 1967 , ( 478). , , , -, -
- , 1949 .
- , , . , , ,
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- 1 2 3
- Israel (.). Country Report. Freedom House (2007). 22 2008.
- (). (2008). 1 2008.
- Wenham 1994, pp. 29697
- Barton & Bowden 2004, p. 126. «The Merneptah Stele is arguably the oldest evidence outside the Bible for the existence of Israel as early as the 13th century»
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- On the Move (.). TIME Magazine (31 1948). 1 2008.
- « »
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . - , . . , . . . . . ., 2008, . 1023.
- 1 2
- « » -
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Israel (.). The World Factbook. (19 2006). 1 2008.
- Area of Districts, Sub-Districts, Natural Regions and Lakes (.). Statistical Abstract of Israel. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2006). 6 2008.
- Israel (Geography) (.). Country Studies. The Library of Congress. 1 2008.
- -
- . . . -
- . Russia-on-line (24 2004). 21 2008.
- . . 16 2009.
- 1 2 224
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- Disputed territories: Forgotten Facts About the West Bank and Gaza Strip (.). (1 2003). 6 2010.
- Danny Ayalon. Israel's Right in the 'Disputed' Territories // The Wall Street Journal. 30 2009.
- Danny Ayalon Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank YouTube . / .
- : « ». (6 2000). 6 2010.
- , « ». 6 2010.
- «» . ??? (3 2001). 6 2010.
- . !
- .
- Palestinians shun Israeli settlement restriction plan (.), BBC (25 November 2009). 9 2010.
- Israels violations risk undermining international legal sytem, warns statement adopted by Bureau of Palestinian Rights Committee (.)
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- Palestinian Authority: Constitution, Government & Legislation // Source: U.S. Department of State. Jurist.law.pitt.edu. 3 2011.
- ,
- Leader of Palestinian Islamic Jihad admits Israeli security fence prevents suicide bombing attacks (IICC) March 2008
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- International Court of Justice: Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
- -- | |
- , MigNews.com (13.02.2010). 13 2010. « 70 .».
- ?, . (24.08.2005). 9 2010. « - , « » , ».
- , . , «» (23 2005). 9 2010. « , , , «» ».
- : 26 2008
- Makhteshim Country (.). UNESCO. 8 2010.
- (.). « ». 8 2010.
- 1 2 . «». 8 2010.
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[]
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