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Àðìÿíî-ãðóçèíñêàÿ âîéíà (1918)

Ìàòåðèàë èç Ýíöèêëîïåäèè â ñâîáîäíîé ýíöèêëîïåäèè
(ïåðåíàïðàâëåíî ñ «Ãðóçèíî-àðìÿíñêàÿ âîéíà»)
Ïåðåéòè ê: íàâèãàöèÿ, ïîèñê
Àðìÿíî-ãðóçèíñêàÿ âîéíà
Äàòà 5â31 äåêàáðÿ 1918
Ìåñòî Çàêàâêàçüå
Ïðè÷èíà Âûâîä ãåðìàíñêèõ âîéñê ñ òåððèòîðèè Ãðóçèè
Èòîã Äîãîâîð
Òåððèòîðèàëüíûå
èçìåíåíèÿ
Àõàëêàëàêñêèé ðàéîí ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ çà Ãðóçèåé.
Ëîðè è Áîð÷àëû ïåðåõîäÿò ïîä ñîâìåñòíîå óïðàâëåíèå[èñòî÷íèê íå óêàçàí 414 äíåé] Ãðóçèè è Àðìåíèè
Ïðîòèâíèêè
Ãðóçèÿ Ãðóçèÿ Àðìåíèÿ Àðìåíèÿ
Êîìàíäóþùèå
Ãðóçèÿ Ìàçíèàøâèëè, Ãåîðãèé Èâàíîâè÷ Àðìåíèÿ Êàíàÿí, Äðàñòàìàò Ìàðòèðîñîâè÷ (Äðî)

Àðìÿíî-ãðóçèíñêàÿ âîéíà â âîîðóæ¸ííûé êîíôëèêò çà ïðèãðàíè÷íûå ðàéîíû ìåæäó Ðåñïóáëèêîé Àðìåíèÿ è Äåìîêðàòè÷åñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêîé Ãðóçèÿ â 1918 ãîäó.[1]

Ñîäåðæàíèå

[ïðàâèòü] Ïðåäêîíôëèêòíîå ñîñòîÿíèå ñòîðîí è ïðè÷èíû

[ïðàâèòü] Àðìåíèÿ

 òÿæåëûé äëÿ ðåñïóáëèêè ìîìåíò, àðìÿíñêèå ëèäåðû ñ÷èòàëè, ÷òî ïîëóìèëëèîííîå àðìÿíñêîå ìåíüøèíñòâî Ãðóçèè ëåãêî óÿçâèìî, òàêæå êàê è åäèíñòâåííûé òðàíñïîðòíûé êîðèäîð Àðìåíèè â Ðîññèþ â æåëåçíàÿ äîðîãà, ïðîõîäèâøàÿ ÷åðåç ïîäêîíòðîëüíûé íåçàâèñèìîé Ãðóçèè Áàòóìè.[2] Ýòà òðàíñïîðòíàÿ àðòåðèÿ áûëà æèçíåííî âàæíà äëÿ Àðìåíèè, ïîëó÷àâøåé äî 1918 ãîäà òðåòü âñåãî ïðîäîâîëüñòâèÿ èç Ðîññèè. Àðìåíèÿ, ïî ñëîâàì Ðè÷àðäà Îâàíåñÿíà, â 1918â1919 ãîäàõ «ñòàëà ñòðàíîé ñìåðòè».[3]

[ïðàâèòü] Ãðóçèÿ

[ïðàâèòü] Âîåííûå äåéñòâèÿ

 äåêàáðå 1918 ãîäà íåìåöêèå âîéñêà óøëè èç Çàêàâêàçüÿ, à íà èõ ìåñòî âîøëè àíãëèéñêèå ÷àñòè, êîòîðûå îñòàâàëèñü â ðåãèîíå äî èþëÿ 1920 ãîäà.

Ïîñëå ïîðàæåíèÿ Òóðöèè â Ïåðâîé ìèðîâîé âîéíå â Ãðóçèþ áûë óãíàí âåñü ïîäâèæíîé ñîñòàâ æåëåçíîé äîðîãè, ñ åå ñòîðîíû áûë çàáëîêèðîâàí ëþáîé ïîäâîç ïðîäîâîëüñòâèÿ â Àðìåíèþ.  Àðìåíèè, ïîëó÷àâøåé 2/3 ãðóçîâ ñ ñåâåðà, íà÷àëñÿ ãîëîä[4] Ãðóçèíñêèå âîéñêà çàíÿëè ðàéîíû Àõàëêàëàêè è Ëîðè. Íà ýòè æå òåððèòîðèè, ãäå îñíîâíûì íàñåëåíèåì áûëè àðìÿíå, ïðåòåíäîâàëà òàêæå è Àðìåíèÿ. Àðìåíèÿ è Ãðóçèÿ íà÷àëè îáìåíèâàòüñÿ íîòàìè ïðîòåñòà.

[ïðàâèòü] Èòîãè âîéíû

Ïî íàñòîÿíèþ Àíãëèè áûëî ïîäïèñàíî ìèðíîå ñîãëàøåíèå â äåðåâíå Ñàäàõëî íî÷üþ 31 äåêàáðÿ. Ïî äîãîâîðó Àõàëêàëàêñêèé ðàéîí ñîõðàíèëñÿ çà Ãðóçèåé, à Ëîðè è Áîð÷àëû îñòàâàëèñü ïîä ñîâìåñòíûì óïðàâëåíèåì.

[ïðàâèòü] Ïîñëåäñòâèÿ âîéíû äëÿ Àðìåíèè

Ëîðè è þæíûé Áîð÷àëû áûëè ïðèñîåäåíåíû ê Àðìåíèè.

[ïðàâèòü] Ïîñëåäñòâèÿ âîéíû äëÿ Ãðóçèè

Àõàëêàëàêè è ñåâåðíûé Áîð÷àëû áûëè ïðèñîåäåíåíû ê Ãðóçèè.

[ïðàâèòü] Õðîíîëîãèÿ âîéíû[5]

  • Íîÿáðü â çàíÿòèå àðìÿíñêèìè âîéñêàìè Àõàëêàëàêñêîãî (íàñåëåíèå: 76,446 àðìÿí ïðîòèâ 6,578 ãðóçèí) è Áîð÷àëèíñêîãî (íàñåëåíèå:ïðîòèâ 63,148 àðìÿíàìè ïðîæèâàëî âñåãî 7,533 ãðóçèí ) óåçäîâ Òèôëèññêîé ãóáåðíèè.
  • 6 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Çàâåðøåíèå ýâàêóàöèè òóðåöêèõ âîéñê èç Àçåðáàéäæàíà è Àðìåíèè.
  • 9 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Íà÷àëî áîåâûõ ñòîëêíîâåíèé àðìÿíñêèõ è ãðóçèíñêèõ âîéñê â Àõàëêàëàêñêîì è Áîð÷àëèíñêîì óåçäàõ, ïðîäîëæèâøèõñÿ äî 31 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà.
  • 12-14 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Ãðóçèíî-àðìÿíñêî-àíãëèéñêèå òðåõñòîðîííèå ïåðåãîâîðû â Òáèëèñè. Ñîãëàøåíèå î âûñàäêå â Ãðóçèè àíãëèéñêèõ âîéñê. Íàïàäåíèå àðìÿíñêèõ ôîðìèðîâàíèé íà ãðóçèíñêèå ÷àñòè â ãîðîäå Ñàíàèí Áîð÷àëèíñêîãî óåçäà Òèôëèññêîé ãóáåðíèè.
  • 15 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Âûñàäêà àíãëèéñêèõ âîéñê â Ïîòè.
  • 25 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Àíãëèéñêèå âîéñêà â Òáèëèñè.
  • 26 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Çàâåðøåíèå ýâàêóàöèè ãåðìàíñêèõ âîéñê èç Ãðóçèè.
  • 31 äåêàáðÿ 1918 ãîäà â Çàêëþ÷åíèå ïåðåìèðèÿ ìåæäó Àðìåíèåé è Ãðóçèåé â Òáèëèñè, ïðè ïîñðåäíè÷åñòâå àíãëè÷àí.
  • 1 ÿíâàðÿ 1919 ãîäà â Ñîãëàøåíèå ìåæäó Ãðóçèåé è Àðìåíèåé íà ìèðíîé êîíôåðåíöèè â Òáèëèñè, ïî êîòîðîìó äî ðåøåíèÿ Âåðõîâíûì ñîâåòîì Àíòàíòû âîïðîñà î ãðàíèöàõ ìåæäó Ãðóçèåé è Àðìåíèåé ñåâåðíàÿ ÷àñòü Áîð÷àëèíñêîãî óåçäà ïåðåäàâàëàñü Ãðóçèè, þæíàÿ Àðìåíèè, à ñðåäíÿÿ (â íåé íàõîäèëèñü Àëàâåðäñêèå ìåäíûå ðóäíèêè) îáúÿâëÿëàñü «íåéòðàëüíîé çîíîé» è àäìèíèñòðàòèâíî ïîä÷èíÿëàñü àíãëèéñêîìó ãåíåðàë-ãóáåðíàòîðó.

[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

  1. â‘ Inc Icon Group International Georgians: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases. â Inc Icon Group International, 2009. â P. 34. â 101 p. â ISBN 0-546-65804-0

    Georgian-Armenian War 1918. Georgian-Armenian War 1918 was a border war fought between the Democratic Republic of Georgia and Republic of Armenia over the part of a historical Georgian province of Djavakheti, which was largely populated by Armenians in the 19th century. By the end of World War I these territories were occupied by the Ottomans. When they abandoned the region, both Georgians and Armenians claimed control. Soon the former declared the disputed territories part of Georgia. Armenia refused to recognize this and denied to cooperate to seek a peaceful settlement.

  2. â‘ Richard G. Hovannisian The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. â 2004; 1997. â P. 317. â 512 p. â ISBN 1-4039-6422-1 "Armenian leaders could not forget that the republic's rail lifeline from the port of Batum passed through Georgia and that the half-million Armenians remaining in Georgia were vulnerable. "
  3. â‘ öèòèðóåòñÿ ïî Ronald Grigor Suny Looking toward Ararat: Armenia in modern history. â Indiana University Press, 1993. â P. 127. â 289 p. â ISBN 0253207738, ISBN 978-0-253-20773-9 "Armenia needed immediate helpâmaterial supplies and a pledge of support for her security. Famine was widespread in Erevan, and the underfed population was susceptible to disease. As Richard Hovannisian tells us, "It was verily a land of death.",8 Approximately 200,000 people, almost 20 percent of the republic's population, had died by the middle of 1919. A newspaper account told the following horror story: "
  4. â‘ Ì. Âåëëåð, À. Áóðîâñêèé "Ãðàæäàíñêàÿ èñòîðèÿ áåçóìíîé âîéíû" ÷àñòü II Ïîñëåäñòâèÿ. Ãëàâà 1. Ðàñïàä Èìïåðèè ISBN 978-5-17-45470-9, 978-5-9713-5930-2 Èçäàòåëüñòâî ÀÑÒ-2007ã
  5. â‘ Àðìÿíî-ãðóçèíñêèé êîíôëèêò 1918 ã
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