GNU Free Documentation License . .

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(10)
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 60
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́ ́ ́  10. . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, . , 10 .

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x 10:

x = \pm \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a_k 10^k, \ a_k  , , 0 \leq a_k \le 9.

x , a_{n-1} x .

, :

 103 = 1 \cdot 10^{2} + 0 \cdot 10^{1} + 3 \cdot 10^{0}.

n 0 10^n-1, , 10^n .

, :

a_{n-1} a_{n-2}\dots a_{1} a_{0},a_{-1} a_{-2}\dots a_{-(m-1)} a_{-m} = \sum_{k=-m}^{n-1} a_k 10^k,

n  , m  .

[] -

- (Binary-Coded Decimal), - ( ). - [1]. , 16 , - 6 16 [2].

[]

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

[]

× 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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 . . .      . . [3].

595 . , . , , . , , . , . , . , .

, . -. , , . - ,   «» ( ).

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, (, ) III . .,   , [4], [5]. , , [6]. [7].

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  1. «AS-Level Computing» 5th edition  P. M. (Pat M.) Heathcote, S. Langfield  2004224 pages  Page 18: «A disadvantage of using BSD is that more bits are required to store a number than when using pure binary.» [1] ISBN 1-904467-71-7
  2. Schaums outline of theory and problems of essential computer mathematics By Seymour Lipschutz, McGraw-Hill. 1987. «Remark: Any 4-bit code allows 2^4 = 16 combinations. Because the 4-bit BCD codes need only 10 of the combinations 6 combinations remains available» [2] ISBN 0-07-037990-4
  3. Ordish George, Hyams, Edward. The last of the Incas: the rise and fall of an American empire.  New York: Barnes & Noble, 1996.  . 80.  ISBN 0-88029-595-3
  4. Experts 'decipher' Inca strings. 18 2011.
  5. Carlos Radicati di Primeglio, Gary Urton. Estudios sobre los quipus. - .49.
  6. Dale Buckmaster (1974). «The Incan Quipu and the Jacobsen Hypothesis». Journal of Accounting Research 12 (1): 178-181. 2009-12-24.