GNU Free Documentation License . .

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( . divergere  )  , ( , ), ( ), « » (  ).

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, \ \mathbf F,

\ \operatorname{div} \mathbf F

\ \nabla \cdot \mathbf F.

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:

 \operatorname{div}\,\mathbf{F} 
= \lim_{V \rightarrow 0} {\mathit\Phi_{\ \mathbf F} \over V}

F  F S, V. , , , S V . , ( , , ). ,

\mathit\Phi_{\ \mathbf F} = \iint\limits_S\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\subset\!\supset\; (\vec F, d\vec S).

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n : n- , (n-1)- () .

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, .

\operatorname{div}\,\mathbf{F}
=\frac{\partial F_x}{\partial x}
+\frac{\partial F_y}{\partial y}
+\frac{\partial F_z}{\partial z}\ \ \

\operatorname{div}\,\mathbf{F}
=\nabla\cdot \mathbf{F}\ \ \

, , ( , , ).

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( , ) , ( ) :

 \operatorname{div}\,\mathbf{F} >0   ;
 \operatorname{div}\,\mathbf{F} <0   ;
 \operatorname{div}\,\mathbf{F} =0   , .

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.

  • : F G a b
\operatorname{div}( a\mathbf{F} + b\mathbf{G} ) 
= a\;\operatorname{div}( \mathbf{F} ) 
+ b\;\operatorname{div}( \mathbf{G} )
  • φ  , F  , :
\operatorname{div}(\varphi \mathbf{F}) 
= \operatorname{grad}(\varphi) \cdot \mathbf{F} 
+ \varphi \;\operatorname{div}(\mathbf{F}),
\nabla\cdot(\varphi \mathbf{F}) 
= (\nabla\varphi) \cdot \mathbf{F} 
+ \varphi \;(\nabla\cdot\mathbf{F}).
  • , F G, , :
\operatorname{div}(\mathbf{F}\times\mathbf{G}) 
= \operatorname{rot}(\mathbf{F})\cdot\mathbf{G} 
\;-\; \mathbf{F} \cdot \operatorname{rot}(\mathbf{G}),
\nabla\cdot(\mathbf{F}\times\mathbf{G})
= (\nabla\times\mathbf{F})\cdot\mathbf{G}
- \mathbf{F}\cdot(\nabla\times\mathbf{G}).
  • :
\operatorname{div} (\operatorname{grad}(\varphi)) = \mathcal{4}\varphi
  • :
\operatorname{div}  (\operatorname{rot}(\mathbf{F})) = 0

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\operatorname{div}(\mathbf{A}) = \operatorname{div}(\mathbf{q_1}A_1 + \mathbf{q_2}A_2 + \mathbf{q_3}A_3) =

= \frac{1}{H_1H_2H_3}\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial q_1}(A_1H_2H_3) + \frac{\partial}{\partial q_2}(A_2H_3H_1) + \frac{\partial}{\partial q_3}(A_3H_1H_2) \right], H_i  .

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:

\begin{matrix}H_1 = 1 \\ H_2 = r \\ H_3 = 1 \end{matrix}.

:

\operatorname{div}\mathbf{A}(r, \theta, z) = 
\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}(A_r r) +
\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}(A_\theta) + 
\frac{\partial}{\partial z}(A_z)

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:

\begin{matrix}H_r = 1 \\ H_\theta = r \\ H_\phi = r\sin{\theta} \end{matrix}.

:

\operatorname{div}\mathbf{A}(r, \theta, \phi) = 
\frac{1}{r^2} \frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left[ A_r r^2 \right] + 
\frac{1}{r \sin{\theta}} \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta} \left[ A_\theta \sin{\theta} \right] + 
\frac{1}{r \sin{\theta}} \frac{\partial}{\partial \phi} \big[ A_\phi\big]

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:

\begin{matrix}
H_1 = \frac{\sqrt{\xi + \eta}}{2\sqrt{\xi}} \\ 
H_2 = \frac{\sqrt{\xi + \eta}}{2\sqrt{\eta}} \\ 
H_3 = \sqrt{\eta \xi} \end{matrix}.

:

\operatorname{div}\mathbf{A}(\xi, \eta, \phi) = 
\frac{4}{\xi + \eta} \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left[ A_\xi \frac{\sqrt{\xi^2+\xi\eta}}{2} \right] + 
\frac{4}{\xi + \eta} \frac{\partial}{\partial \eta} \left[ A_\eta \frac{\sqrt{\eta^2+\xi\eta}}{2} \right] + 
\frac{1}{\sqrt{\xi\eta}} \frac{\partial}{\partial \phi} \Big[ A_\phi \Big]

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:

\begin{matrix}
H_1 = \sigma\sqrt{\frac{\xi^2 - \eta^2}{\xi^2-1}} \\ 
H_2 = \sigma\sqrt{\frac{\xi^2 - \eta^2}{1-\eta^2}} \\
H_3 = \sigma\sqrt{(\xi^2-1)(1-\eta^2)} 
\end{matrix}.

:

\operatorname{div}\mathbf{A}(\xi, \eta, \phi) = 
\frac{1}{\sigma(\xi^2 - \eta^2)} \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi} \left[ A_\xi \sqrt{(\xi^2-\eta^2)(\xi^2-1)} \right] +
\frac{1}{\sigma(\xi^2 - \eta^2)} \frac{\partial}{\partial \eta} \left[ A_\eta \sqrt{(\xi^2-\eta^2)(1-\eta^2)} \right] + 
\frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{(\xi^2-1)(1-\eta^2)}} \frac{\partial}{\partial \phi} \Big[ A_\phi \Big]

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( ) , .

, .

:

\operatorname{div} = (\nabla\cdot) = \vec{R}^\alpha\nabla_\alpha\cdot, \vec{R}^\alpha  .

:

\nabla\cdot\vec{v} = \vec{R}^\alpha\nabla_\alpha\cdot v^i \vec{R}_i = \nabla_i v^i.

:

\nabla\cdot T = \vec{R}^\alpha\nabla_\alpha \cdot T^{ij} \vec{R}_i \vec{R}_j = \vec{R}_j \nabla_i T^{ij}.

, 1.

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\nabla\cdot\vec{v}\vec{v} = \vec{v}\nabla\cdot\vec{v} + \left(\vec{v}\cdot\nabla\right)\vec{v}

[] .