| European Space Agency
Agence spatiale européenne Europäische Weltraumorganisation |
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31 1975 |
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́ ́ ́ ( ; . European Space Agency, ESA) , 1975 .
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, . 1950- , , , . 1958 , , , , , , . , ().
, ELDO ( ) , ESRO ( ). 20 1964 . , 14 1962 . 1968 1972 ESRO . , . - «» .
1975 , ESRO ELDO. 10 : , , , , , , , , .[1] 1975 , Cos-B, . .
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[] ESA
, ESA, 2012 .
(. ) |
(%) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 1980 | CNES | 718,8 | 17,9% | |
| 30 1980 | DLR | 750,5 | 18,7% | |
| 30 1980 | ASI | 350,5 | 8,7% | |
| 30 1980 | UKSA | 240,0 | 6,0% | |
| 30 1980 | CDTI | 184,0 | 4,6% | |
| 30 1980 | BELSPO | 169,8 | 4,2% | |
| 30 1980 | NSO | 60,3 | 1,5% | |
| 30 1980 | SSO | 105,6 | 2,6% | |
| 30 1980 | SNSB | 65,3 | 1,6% | |
| 30 1980 | DTU Space | 27,8 | 0,7% | |
| 10 1980 | EI | 15,6 | 0,4% | |
| 30 1986 | NSC | 63,1 | 1,6% | |
| 30 1986 | FFG | 52,2 | 1,3% | |
| 01 1995 | TEKES | 19,4 | 0,5% | |
| 14 2000 | FCT | 15,8 | 0,4% | |
| 9 2005 | ISARS | 8,6 | 0,2% | |
| 30 2005 | Luxinnovation | 15,0 | 0,4% | |
| 12 2008 | CSO | 11,5 | 0,3% | |
| 23 2011 | ROSA | 7,6 | 0,2% | |
| 01 1979[6] | CSA | 18,7 | 0,5% | |
| 2900,1 | 72,1% | |||
| 28 2004[8] | ESP | 867,7 | 21,6% | |
| ECS | 5,8 | 0,1% | ||
| 246,5 | 6,1% | |||
| ESA | 4020,1 | 100,0% | ||
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ESA 2,977 . 2005 , 2,904 . 2006, 3,018 . 2008 3,600 . 2009[9][10]. 3-4 ESA ESA. , . 2008 , 2012 .
, - ESA . , CNES , ESA . ESA .
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ESA . (. Cooperation Agreement). ESA, ECS (. European Cooperating State Agreement). , , .
2012 2013 20- [11].
«» 10 : , , , , , , , , .[12] , .
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2014 ESA [13].
. 2009 ESA[14].
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. , , - . , , , 1978 , . , 1982 - , -7.
CNES, , 1983 STS-9. STS-9 , . . , , , .
80- 1990 ʸ, , .
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- -
- , « »
- ,
- ATV
- ( ) «» ( NASA)
- -1
- -
- -
- BepiColombo JAXA
- ( 2015 .)
- Gaia ( 2011 .)
- Galileo
- MetOp
- YES YES2
- ( 19871993 .)
- -.
- - -
- CSTS - ( 2018 .)
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:[15]
- EURECA
- Horizon 2000 (.).,
- Horizon 2000 plus
- Cosmic Vision
- Aurora
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- European Space Agency (31.05.2005). ESA turns 30! A successful track record for Europe in space. -. (.)
- ESA Convention. 6th. European Space Agency, 2005. ISBN 92-9092-397-0
- (November 2004) «Enlarging ESA? After the Accession of Luxembourg and Greece» (PDF). ESA Bulletin (120): 4853.
- ESA Romania accedes to ESA Convention
- Romanian Space Agency Comunicat de presa
- 1 2 (November 1998) «Canada and ESA: 20 Years of Cooperation» (PDF). ESA Bulletin (96).
- Dotto Lydia Canada and The European Space Agency: Three Decades of Cooperation. European Space Agency, 2002.
- Framework Agreement between the European Community and the European Space Agency
- ESA budget for 2009 (PDF). European Space Agency (January 2009). 3 2012.
- ESA and the EU. European Space Agency (9 October 2008). 3 2012.
- ESA Opens up to Ten EU Nations, Eyes Poland as Newest Member.
- 2012 , Lenta.ru (22.11.2011).
- ESA BR-268
- Bulgaria Slated to Join European Space Community (9 2009).
- Cosmic Vision 20152025 , 29 2007 .
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