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́, ́ (. Coleoptera) , , , , , () , ( )[1][2]. , , [1][2][3]. : 0,31,0 [1][4] 167 [5].
: , , . , , , . , , ( ), [1].
360 000 [6], 40 % [7]. 31 2010 , 13 342 148 [8].
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. 400 000[12]. , . [13]. XIX .. .
[3], , , . .
62 % [12]: - (Curculionidae) 60 000 [14], - (Staphylinidae) 47 700[15], (Carabidae) 30 000[12], (Scarabaeidae) 27 800[12], (Chrysomelidae) 36 350[12], (Cerambycidae) 26 000[16].
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. - (Titanus giganteus) , 167 [5], 210 [17]. - (Dynastes hercules), 160165 [18]. (Macrodontia cervicornis), 165 [19], 130155 [18]. Dynastes neptunus, 158 [20], 110135 [21]. Xixuthrus heros , 150 [22][23]. Nanosella fungi , 0,25 , 800 , [4].
, , - (Lucanus cervus), 83 86 [24] 7074 . , , (Callipogon relictus), 110 [25].
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, , , . , [44].
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Balaninus, , : Balaninus pyrrhoceras , Balaninus brassicae Nematus.
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. . , [91].
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, , Platypsyllus castoris [46] , Leptinus , Sliphopsyllus . , Amblyopini [93].
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, , , , . [96].
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, , [95].
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, . . ( ) (Meloidae), (Coccinellidae), (Lycidae), (Cantharidae), (Melyridae), (Chrysomelidae), (Staphylinidae)[95].
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Carabus , . Blaps . (Dytiscidae: Dytiscus)[95].
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[95]. , , ( (Pselaphidae: Clavigerinae), (Staphylinidae), (Histeridae)). , , ( (Scolytidae), ). , , . , , [95].
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, , , . , . , , , , , , , [101]. , , [102].
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, , . , , , [1].
, , , - (, .) , , , (Heterobasidion annosum), , , . , [105]. .
, . , «» (, , , . .) , , , . , . , , , [106].
Scarabaeinae , [90]. , . , [90]. , (, , .) [1].
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, , (320300 )[107], (299 )[108].
166 , . 67 , 19 ( )[109].
, , , (Tschekardocoleidae), (Protocoleoptera). , , . , Permocupedoidea. (120145 ) . 240250 , (Archostemata), . . , , , . [76]. (Ademosynidae), , , (Polyphaga)[76][112][113].
: (Rhombocoleoidea) (Asiocoleoidea). , (Schizophoriformia), (Myxophaga) (Adephaga), [76][112][113][114].
[]
2007 , , , , 299 [115]. , 2009 318 Mazon Creek (.) [107]. , , , , , [116]. . , . 8 , (Tshekardocoleidae). , , , , . , . , , , , , . . .
| Coleopterida |
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, , [117], , , , . , , -. . , , , . . : , , .
, 0,10,6 % . , , , , [109].
Scarabaeinae : , , , , , [90]. , [108].
[]
: (Archostemata), (Myxophaga), (Adephaga) ( ), (Polyphaga). - , , 300 000 . 50 000 . ( ) 150 [118]. 2011 24 , 211 , 541 , 1663 740 [119].
[]
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, , [120]. , , , [90]. - , - - [121]. [69], ( Rhynchophorus). , , [121]. , [121].
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, , ( ) , [124][125]. . « » (Zopheridae), , . , [126]. , [124]. XIX , « »[127]. , , , [128]. , , [127].
[]
(Zygogramma suturalis) , , (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia psilostachya)[131]. , (Aiolocaria hexaspilota) (Chrysomela populi). , , . [132] , 1906 , [133][134].
[]
. , . , - , , - . [135]. Oryctes , , . .
, . , , , , , , , , , , . [91]. , , , . : (Lasioderma serricorne) , [69], , , [138].
[]
, [90]. - , . , , «». Onthaphagus. , , , [90].
, . Ÿ [139]. , , . , [139]. Paederus, , , . [139].
(Lytta vesicatoria) . . « » [69][139]. - Paederus, [140]. Ulomoides dermestoides. [141].
[]
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|
, . , («, »). , , , . .[142] , , , «» [143]. «», , , . [144].
, .[145] . , «, ». , , , - , (- ), . -, ( , , ). « »[146].
, - . , , , [147]. , , , [148].
« » . [149].
[]
1910 -, - . , . . «Lucanus Cervus» . 1912 « , », , . .
, -, « » (1998)[150]. «Minuscule» (2006)[151]: , , , , - . , , : « » (. Caved In: Prehistoric Terror; 2006)[152], « » (. Starship Troopers; 1997)[153] . «» 1999 -, , ( ).
[]
. , - . -[154]. - , , , . , . , .
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- (496406 . .) «»[156] -[157].
- « » , , , , . « » « » , - -, . - .
: . . « -», « », , « » . «».
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, VII . . ., 1/24 600550 . .. . , 545515 . . ., . . 1 , , Themognatha variabilis[158].
1997 2 , , -. , , 20 [158]. 2006 100 -. , «Lukanus» «Lucanus»[158].
(Rosalia alpina) 500 , 2001 [158].
[]
. , [159], ( )[160], -- ()[161][162], ()[163].
[]
, [164].
- , « ». (, ), ( ). [165][166]. Xylotrupes gideon[167], , , .
[]
. , , , , , [170].
, , - . . , , . , . , [171][172].
[]
[]
- . 2- « » 32 , 25 . 36 [174].
, , , (), Dynastes satanas Colophon[176].
[]
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| : Animalia · : Arthropoda · : Tracheata · : Hexapoda · : Insecta · : Pterygota · : Neoptera · : Endopterygota | |
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| Sphaeriusoidea | |
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| · · · · · Dascilloidea · · · · · Derodontoidea · · Lymexyloidea · · · · · | |
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