20
|
|
[]
, , () 1938 , , , . , 1938 . , , [1][2]. - , 18 1938 , , - , ø -, , , , , ø . ø , [3], , -, 18 , , , [4]. 1938 , 28 , - , . [5].
, - ( , ) . , , ( , « » .), [6]. 1941 , , . , [7]. - , , , . , [8]. , «» . - «» , . , ø . ø , [8][9].
1942 , . [8]. , , , . 1942 , [10].
[] «»
19411942 «», . , [11]. [12]. «» , . , . , - , ø[11]. , [13]. , , [14].
ø . ( , ), 1943 , [15]. : ( ), ø , . , [16]. ø , . , , ( , , , ), [17].
1943 , ( ). , , - . 1942 , . , . , ́ . : « (. coûte que coûte); . ; , . »[18].
[]
1944 , ( ; ). «» , . 1 . , . 3 , , « ». , [19].
6 , . , . , [20][21]. 11 , . , , , , , [22][23]. , , [24].
15 «». «» . . , . , [25].
[] 20
[]
20 7:00 - - Junkers Ju 52 [26]. , , . , , , , . [27].
10:15 ( ). , . . , - c 13:00 12:30, . , , , [28]. , . , [29].
, [30]. , , [31]. . , [32][33]. , , [34]. , , , . , . , , [35][36].
12:42. 24 , , , , . , , . , [37].
13:00 «». , [38]. 13:15 [32]. - : « - . ». , : [32]. , , [39]. «». , , , .
16:00 , , «». - , , , . , «» , , .
[]
16:30 . , - , , «». , , . , «». - .
17:00 «Großdeutschland» - , , , «» . 17:00 ( 18:28 ).
17:30 1- - « », . .
18:00 , , , .
18:35 19:00 , . . 19:00 , , . . . . 19:30 - .
, , . [42][43]. . , . . , , . - [44][45].
23:30[44] ( , [46]) , . , . , , , . . , . 00:21 , , [42]. , [47]. [48].
, . 20 : 22:30 1200 , - [42][49]. «», --, , . , [50]. , , , [51]. «» [52][53].
, , , .
[]
, [54]. . , 20 , . , ; . 20 . , , , « »[55][56].
, , , , , [57]. , , . , . . , [57][58]. , , [59]. , [57][60].
21 , : ( ). , ø 6 78 . 8 . 200 [61][62]. 4980 7000 [63]. «» (Sippenhaft) : , ( )[64].
- , , ( ) . 19 , , . , , , . , , , , : 4 1945 , . 30 , 4 - . 9 ø, , - , . 2 , [65][66].
: , . 24 . 200 1 (), 19 , 26 , 2 , 7 , 1 , 3 («», ) /- . . 3 1945 , ø , , . (12 , ). , , , ; 8 , 22 .
[]
20 , ; , . , , [67][68][69]. 20 [16].
, . , 1933 -[70], ø [71], [72].
[]
- 1955 20 / Es geschah am 20. Juli (, . )
- 1955 20 / Der 20. Juli (, . )
- 1966 / Ohne Kampf kein Sieg ( , . )
- 1967 / The Night of the Generals (. )
- 1970 / Claus Graf Stauffenberg Porträt eines Attentäters (ZDF, , . )
- 1970 . (, . )
- 1971 «» / Operation Walküre (WDR, , . )
- 1990 / The Plot to Kill Hitler (, . )
- 2004 / Stauffenberg (ARD, , . )
- 2004 20 1944 ? / Was geschah wirklich am 20. Juli 1944? (RBB, , . )
- 2004 / Die Stunde der Offiziere (ZDF, , . - )
- 2008 «» / Valkyrie (. )
- 2009 / Stauffenberg Die wahre Geschichte (ZDF, , . )
[] .
[]
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 87.
- , . = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. .: , 2009. . 1. . 514515.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 5557.
- , . = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. .: , 2009. . 1. . 521.
- , . = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. .: , 2009. . 1. . 560561.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 263.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 265.
- 1 2 3 Robert B. Kane Disobedience and conspiracy in the German Army, 1918-1945. McFarland, 2002. P. 182. 259 p. ISBN 9780786411047
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 271.
- Thomsett, M. C. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 19381945. P. 172.
- 1 2 Robert B. Kane Disobedience and conspiracy in the German Army, 1918-1945. McFarland, 2002. P. 186. 259 p. ISBN 9780786411047
- Fest, J. Plotting Hitlers Death: The German Resistance to Hitler 19331945. P. 219.
- , . . . 2. . 539.
- Hoffmann, P. Stauffenberg: a family history, 1905-1944l. McGill-Queen's Press, 2003. P. 201. 424 p. ISBN 9780773525955
- Ralf Blank, Jorg Echternkamp, Karola Fings, Jurgen Forster, Winfried Heinemann, Tobias Jersak, Armin Nolzen, Christoph Rass Germany and the Second World War Volume IX/I: German Wartime Society 1939-1945: Politicization, Disintegration, and the Struggle for Survival. Oxford University Press, 2008. . 9. P. 858859. 1035 p. ISBN 9780199282777
- 1 2 , . . « 20 1944» .
- Wolfgang Benz, Thomas Dunlap A concise history of the Third Reich. University of California Press, 2006. P. 238239. 309 p. ISBN 9780520234895
- Joachim Fest, Plotting Hitlers Death: The German Resistance to Hitler 19331945, 236
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 380.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 376.
- Ralf Blank, Jorg Echternkamp, Karola Fings, Jurgen Forster, Winfried Heinemann, Tobias Jersak, Armin Nolzen, Christoph Rass Germany and the Second World War Volume IX/I: German Wartime Society 1939-1945: Politicization, Disintegration, and the Struggle for Survival. Oxford University Press, 2008. . 9. P. 863. 1035 p. ISBN 9780199282777
- Hoffmann, P. Stauffenberg: a family history, 1905-1944l. McGill-Queen's Press, 2003. P. 254. 424 p. ISBN 9780773525955
- , . . . 2. . 560561.
- , . . . 2. . 561.
- , . . . 2. . 562.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 397.
- , . . . 2. . 565.
- , . . . 2. . 566.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 398399.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 399.
- , . . . 2. . 568.
- 1 2 3 Thomsett, M. C. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 19381945. P. 203.
- , . . . 2. . 570.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 401.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 402.
- , . . . 2. . 569.
- , . . . 2. . 572.
- , . . . 2. . 571.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 470.
- « . ». . . : «», 2001. . 612 613. 688 . ( ); ISBN 5-8138-0381-5
- http://www.20juli1944.de/zeittafel/walkuere_1.html.
- 1 2 3 Thomsett, M. C. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 19381945. P. 224.
- , . . . 2. . 589.
- 1 2 Thomsett, M. C. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 19381945. P. 225.
- , . . . 2. . 589590.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 503.
- , . . . 2. . 591.
- , . . . 2. . 592.
- , . . . 2. . 600.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 476.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 477.
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 19331945. P. 478.
- , . . . 2. . 601.
- , . . . 2. . 593.
- , . . . 2. . 594.
- Fest, J. Hitler. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002. P. 712. 856 p. ISBN 9780156027540
- 1 2 3 Thomsett, M. C. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 19381945. P. 231.
- . . 1998. ISBN 5-222-004595-X
- . .
- , . . . 2. . 596.
- Ian Kershaw, Hitler 19361945: Nemesis, 693
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002. P. 650
- , . . . 2. . 598.
- Crawshaw, Steve The German who bombed Hitler: When a plot to kill Hitler failed, 50 years ago, retribution fell swiftly and brutally on the plotters and their families. But a few survived.. The Independent (9 1994). 20 2012. 1 2010.
- , . . . 2. . 597.
- David Nicholls Adolf Hitler: a biographical companion. ABC-CLIO, 2002. P. 105. 357 p. ISBN 9780874369656
- , . . Deutsche Welle (20 2009). 20 2012. 14 2010.
- . Deutsche Welle (15 2007). 20 2012. 14 2010.
- , . 20 1944-: . Deutsche Welle (20 2007). 20 2012. 14 2010.
- Hoffmann, P. Stauffenberg: a family history, 1905-1944l. McGill-Queen's Press, 2003. P. 69. 424 p. ISBN 9780773525955
- Klemperer, K. von German resistance against Hitler: the search for allies abroad, 19381945. P. 19.
- , . . «ø, » .
[]
- Duffy, James P., Ricci, V. Target Hitler: the plots to kill Adolf Hitler. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. 229 p. ISBN 9780275940379
- Fest, J. Plotting Hitler's death: the German resistance to Hitler, 1933-1945. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996. 419 p. ISBN 9780297817741
- Hoffmann, P. The history of the German resistance, 1933-1945. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1996. 853 p. ISBN McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
- Kershaw, I. Hitler 19361945: Nemesis. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. 832 p. ISBN 0393049949
- Klemperer, K. von German resistance against Hitler: the search for allies abroad, 1938-1945. Oxford University Press, 1994. 512 p. ISBN 9780198205517
- Thomsett, Michael C. The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 1938-1945. McFarland, 2007. 278 p. ISBN 9780786430277
- , . . 20 1944 : . .: - - , 1962. 302 .
- ., . . .: , 2007. 268 . 5000 . ISBN 978-5-9524-3062-4
- , . 20 1944 . . .: , 2004. 264 . ISBN 5-275-01068-0
- , . = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. .: , 2009. . 2. . 517611. ISBN 978-5-8159-0922-9
[]
| 20 1944 | ||
|---|---|---|
| / | ||


