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[] -- (MSK-64)

12- -- 1964 . 1996 (EMS). MSK-64 II-7-81 « » . 2.03-30-2006 « ».

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(. ) 23 1556 . 830 000 , . , , . , . 20- . , 500 . , 60% . , , [9]. [10].

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1692 , - () 7 1692 11:43 , [11]. ́ , « -» « », . 2 , 3 [11].

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1693 . 11 1693 , . 60 100 [12][13]. - . --, , , « »[14].

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(. : ?) , 14:00 28 1707 , [15] 2011 , , 1896, 1995 1923 ( ) . - , - [16]. [17]. 8,6, , , 49 [18].

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1897 , 12 1897 , . , 8,1 Mw[19]. , 32 . 390 000 ², 650 000 ² -. . , ( 1500 ), . -- , [20][21]. 11 , 16 . [20]. 110 , 9 45 . . , .

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6,9, 13 (31 ) 1902 , , , 4 000 3 000 [22].

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(. Terremoto di Messina) 7,5 28 1908 . -. [23]. 5:20 28 , . , 15-20 . , . . 1909 .

, 200 000 [23].

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́ (. : ?) ( 8,3), 1 1923 . , . , . . 1 1923 , . 90 - , , . 356 , . - 12- , . ( , , 2011 , ).

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, 5 6 1948 1:14 ( , ). , 9-10 , = 7,3. 90-98 % . 1/2 2/3 ( 60 110 , )[24]. , 176 [25].

1995 6 .

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( , . Terremoto de Valdivia) , 9,3 9,5, 22 1960 19:11 UTC . (38°16 . . 73°03 . . / 38.266667° . . 73.05° . . (G) (O)) 435 . 10 10 . , . 6 . , .

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, , , 9,1-9,2. 27 1964 17:36 (UTC-9). Good Friday Earthquake. -, 20 - . , , 120 .

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( 5,2 .), 26 1966 5 23 . (=5,2), ( 8 3 ) , 89- ( 12- MSK-64) . . 6 . 23 1012 . (8 ) ( ) , . , 10 % , 35 % (, , . .) . 55 % , ( , ). .

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(. ) , ( ) 28 1976 . 8,2 XX . , 242 419 , , , 800 . , 7,8. 3:42 , 22 . , 140 . 5,3 , . , 7,1, ́ .

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(. Սպիտակի երկրաշարժ), (. Լենինականի երկրաշարժ) 7,2 [26], 7 1988 10 41 - . 58 ; ( ), , ( ) 300 [26]. 25 , 514 [26]. , 40 % [26]. - .

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(. ) . 17 1995 05:46 . 7,3 . , 6 434 . : 200000 , 1 , 120 150 , . - , . 102,5 . , 2,5% .

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7,6, 28 1995 1:04 . 2040 [27] 3197 [28]. . , c 30 000, 6 . .

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( 7,6), 17 1999 3:01 [29]. 17 , ( 41.81º.. 30.08º..). 17 , 44 , 500 000 .

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(. ) , 12 2008 14:28:01.42 (06:28:01.42 UTC) . 8 Mw 7,9 Mw . 75 , 19 [30]. (. ), . ( 1,500 ) (1,700 ), [31]. : , , , , , , . , 04 2008 69 197 (www.cctv.com), 18 . , 288 431 [32]. (1976), 250 000 .

[] (2011)

(. 方平洋沖 : : :- ?, « , »), (. ?) , , 9,0[33]. 9,1[34] 11 2011 14:46 (8:46 [05:46:23 UTC +03:00 Moscow Time Zone ( )]). 38,322° . . 142,369° . . , 130 373 - [33]. ( 05:46:23 UTC) 32 . 70 . , 10 30 , . 69 .

[33] [35], [36], [34] [37] [38]. 1896 1923 ( ) .

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[]

  1. Google
  2. , «», ., 1973
  3. National Geophisical Data Center
  4. Second International Workshop on Disaster Casualties
  5. 25
  6. 60 Fascinating Facts About Earthquakes. The Top Five Deadliest Earthquakes in History
  7. History.com, History Channel's Record of the earthquake.
  8. Kepu.ac.cn, China virtual museums quake
  9. 1 2 USGS Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica 1692 June 07 UTC (October 21, 2009). 10 2010.
  10. IL TERREMOTO DEL 9 GENNAIO 1693 a cura di M. Stucchi, P. Albini, A. Moroni, I. Leschiutta, C. Mirto e G. Morelli
  11. « », ru.sizilien-netz.de  ( 15  2009)
  12. IISEE Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2007). 23 2009.
  13. . Miyazawa, J. Mori Historical maximum seismic intensity maps in Japan from 1586 to 2004: construction of database and application. Annal of Disas.Prev.Res.Inst., Kyoto Univ. 48C (2005). 30 2010.
  14. M. Ando Groundwater and Coastal Phenomena Preceding the 1944 Tsunami (Tonankai Earthquake) (2006). 30 2010.
  15. D.P. Hill, F. Pollitz & C. Newhall (2002). «Earthquake-Volcano Interactions». Physica Today (November): 4147. 2010-01-30.
  16. The Great Assam Earthquake of 1897 by Jugal Kalita. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
  17. 1 2 Bilham and England, Plateau Pop-up during 1897 Assam Earthquake, Nature, 410, 806809, 2001.
  18. Hough, S.E., Bilham, R., Ambraseys, N. & Feldl, N. 2005. Revisiting the 1897 Shillong and 1905 Kangra earthquakes in northern India: Site response, Moho reflections and a triggered earthquake, Current Science, 88, 16321638.
  19. 1 2 Messina Earthquake, PBS
  20. . . :
  21. http://tdh.gov.tm/?id=1890
  22. 1 2 3 4 http://www.epicentrum.ru
  23. . 28 1995
  24. 28 1995 . . (28/05/2010). 6 2011.
  25.  (.)
  26. Magnitude 7.9 - Eastern Sichuan, China, United States Geological Survey (22  2008). 22 2008. (.)
  27. 'Hundreds buried' by China quake, BBC (22  2008). 20 2008.  (.)
  28. Casualties of the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sina.com (22  2008). 22 2008. (.)
  29. 1 2 3 Magnitude 8.9 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN 2011 March 11 05:46:23 UTC. United States Geological Survey (USGS). 11 2011.
  30. 1 2 Tsunami warning center raises magnitude of Japan quake to 9.1. Honolulu Star-Advertiser. 11 2011. (.)
  31. Japan quake 7th largest in recorded history (11 March 2011). 11 2011.
  32. /
  33. (12 March 2011). 12 2011.
  34. Is the reliable prediction of individual earthquakes a realistic scientific goal? (.)

[]

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  • . .  . .: , 1993. 312 .
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  • . .  . .: , 1990. 191 .
  • . .  . .: , 1978. 232 .
  • . .: , 1990. 323 .
  • . . .: , 1988. 382 .
  • . .  . // .: . 2002, 140 .
  • . .  . ., 1963
  • . . ., 1975

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