,[1] VIII XIII . . ., . , . , . , . : « , , ».
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- Joel L. Kraemer (1992), Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam, p. 1 & 148, Brill Publishers, ISBN 90-04-07259-4.
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- , . . ., 1973.
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- Wiet, Gaston. «Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate.» Chapter 5 (.)
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伊斯蘭時代 (.)
, .
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