-
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
| 190 000 4500 4000 7330 500+ 100+ [1] |
305 000 (+ 500 000 ) 1000 1000 3000 720 65 [2] |
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- , 1980 1988. « » (دفاع مقدس ́- ), « » (جنگ تحمیلی - ́), « » (قادسیه صدام ́ ) , .
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17 1980 1975 -- . « », « ».[3]
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22 1980, -- . , 4 , . , , , , . , ( 1980 ) 224 , .[4] 4-16 324 ² -.[5]
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, , . , . , . , , . , , , . , . : , , , [9].
, , . , . , , [10]. 20 . ² [11]. -, , , , . , 6160 ; 570 [4]. , 20000 , 4800 [12]. . - : 5-10 - 60 , [11].
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1981 . . , , . 1981 . ; , .
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, . . . , , . , , . 26 29 ; , . [13]. : , , . , [14].
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1981 . 7 , . .
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14 1982 , . 1982 1987 , , . , , « ». « » , , . . 1986 , , . - . 1988 .
, (« »). 1984 . . « » , . .
1985 «». .
1987 - «Earnest Will» . ( ).
1987 («-5»), . , , . . , 1987 - ( 18 1988 «»[15]). , 1988 , , , «». , 17 , 20 1988 .
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- , . 350 .[16]
8 , , 188 . ( 900 . [17]). . . 500 ( . ), .
, , , . [18] [19][20]. , [21]. , 70- , . . , [22], .
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-54, -55, -62, -72, -1, -50, -60, OT-64, -8, -24, «», «» III. - - -21, -23, -17, «» F-1, -16, -22.
M47, M48, M60, «», , -1, M113, -50, AH-1, UH-1, CH-47. - F-4, F-5, F-14.
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1979 . , , , , . , , 600 , 3 . ( ), , [23]. 1981 , , , . , . 1982 . «» 1984 , - 25 - F-4 190, 30 F-5 166[24].
. , . . 1980 . , , ( -24 AH-1). , 1982 445 , 40 %[11]. « » ( ) , 1984 . 4-5 , 4, 2,5 [24].
-24 F-4 «Phantom» II (27 1982 ), , . : , «», F-4[25], [26]. . , « » ( ), 27 1982 , , , . , [27]. , , , : , 1968 , 212 -2[28].
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- , . , . 1984 , . , , . , 5000 . , .
[]
| . ( 1990 $US) | % | |
|---|---|---|
| 25.2 | 57 | |
| 5.6 | 13 | |
| 5.2 | 12 | |
| 2.9 | 7 | |
| 1.7 | 4 | |
| 0.7 | 2 | |
| 0.6 | 1 | |
| 2.1 | 4 | |
| 43.9 | 100.0 |
1981 , , 25 . $[30]. , - . 1982 , [4].
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. 1985 «»[31]. 1986 , «-» («»). , - , [32].
[]
- , . .. - :
| . , . ? , . . - , . ... , , . . [33]. |
[]
- Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) (27.04.2005).
- Country Studies Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
- 1 2 - : 19691979
- 1 2 3 .. - . . .: , 1989. . 77. ISBN 5-02-016696-0, 63.3(5)
- , 1980
- 1 2
- .., .. : // : ... . .: , 2008. . 197. ISBN 978-5-392-00071-5, 342.61(567)+929, 66.3(5)8
- . . II: .
- 1 2 Anthony H. Cordesman and Abraham Wagner. The Lessons of Modern War - Volume II - The Iran-Iraq War Chapter 4: Phase One: Iraq's Invasion Of Iran (01.05.1991).
- Efraim Karsh. The Iran-Iraq War 19801988. Osprey Publishing/Essential Histories, 2002. . 9, 29.
- 1 2 3 4 ., .. - .
- .., .., .. XX . .: , 2002. . 419.
- 1 2 3 Anthony Cordesman, Abraham Wagner.. The Lessons of Modern War - Volume II - The Iran-Iraq War Chapter 5: Phase Two: Iran Liberates Its Territory 1981-1982 (01.05.1991).
- Anthony Cordesman, Abraham Wagner.. Chronological Listing of Iranian Losses & Ejections.
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- Rajaee, Farhang. The Iran-Iraq war: the politics of aggression. Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 1993. p. 1
- Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
- Metz, Helen Chapin. Iraq: a Country Study. Arms from France (.). U.S. Library of Congress. 27 2010.
- Tony Paterson. Leaked report says German and US firms supplied arms to Saddam (.). The Independent (18 December 2002). 11 2010.
- Kenneth Timmerman. The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. 443 p. ISBN 1-857-02031-6
- Ted Koppel. The USS Vincennes: Public War, Secret War. (.). ABC Nightline (1 June 1992). 9 2012. 27 2010.
- Kenneth Timmerman. The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. P. 75. 443 p. ISBN 1-857-02031-6
- .. - . . .: , 1989. . 78. ISBN 5-02-016696-0, 63.3(5)
- 1 2 .. - . . .: , 1989. . 83. ISBN 5-02-016696-0, 63.3(5)
- . . «» F-4. .: , , 2001. . 310.
- http://www.wartechnic.ru/rus/aviation/mil/mi24/app.shtml
- Tom Cooper, Farzad Bishop. Fire in the Hills: Iranian and Iraqi Battles of Autumn 1982 (09.09.2003).
- John Correll. The Fall of Lima Site 85 (2006).
- SIPRI .
- .. - . . .: , 1989. . 112. ISBN 5-02-016696-0, 63.3(5)
- .. - . . .: , 1989. . 101. ISBN 5-02-016696-0, 63.3(5)
- .. - . . .: , 1989. . 100. ISBN 5-02-016696-0, 63.3(5)
- . . : . .: , 1981. . 245.
[]
- . , . . - // " ", № 1, 1985. .22-28.
- . . - // " ", № 2, 1987. .14-19.
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