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 IV

7 , 1610[1]

1 869 000 [b]

1 897 000 [a]

 (a)

1 882 700 [2]

 (e)

0,0074[2]

16,6890184 [2]

 (v)

8,204 /

 (i)

0,192° ( )[2]

2410,3 ± 1,5  (0,378 )[3]

 (S)

7,30·107 2 (0,143 )[c]

 (V)

5,9·1010 3 (0,0541 )[d]

 (m)

1,075 938 ± 0.000 137·1023 (0,018 )[3]

 (ρ)

1,834 4 ± 0,003 4 /3[3]

 (g)

1,235 /2 (0,126 g)[e]

 (v2)

2,440 /[f]

[3]

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( )

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0,22 ()[4]

5,65 ( )[5]

 
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80 ± 5 134 ± 11 165 ± 5

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2020 Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM), / . 2009 , , Titan Saturn System Mission.[25] , .[26] EJSM 4 : Jupiter Europa Orbiter (), Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter () , , Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter (JAXA), Jupiter Europa Lander ().

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( ), ( ) ( ). «»

. Ÿ 1 882 000  26,3 (71 492 )[2]. , , , , 1 070 000 . , [9].

, [3]. , 16,7 . , ­ - . 0,00720,0076 0,200,60°, [9]. 0,4 1,6°[27]. « » , [28]. , 300  , . , , [10]. 0,01  (0,1 ) [29].

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() (), ( 1 2 )[30] .

1,83 /3[3], [16]. , 4955 %[16][15]. , L/LL, , , H. 0,9:1,3 ( , 1:8)[16].

20 %[4]. , , . 1,04, 1,25, 1,5, 2,0 3,0 [4]. , , 25 50 %[17]. , «» , , : , [4], [23], [31], , , [4][17]. [32]. , . , ́ , [4][11].

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,

, 80 150 [16][15]. , 50200 [16][15][34][35]. , : , 10 [35]. , , 5 % [15]. , 250300 [16]. ́ 300 .

, , , , , . [h] , «»[3] 0,3549 ± 0,0042, , , [16][36]. , . , . , 600  3,1 3,6 /3[3][16]. , , , , [17][37].

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 (.). . .

, - .[11][39] , , 600 , , 1800  .[41] , , 1600 .[41] , , , , , .[22] "" , , . , , , , .[11][42] , - (. ).

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, . , .[43] , , ~4.5  , . , 1 4  .[11][38]

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.[6] (NIMS) 4.2 . - 7.5 ·1012 (0.75 ), 4·108 3. 4  (. ), , ,[6] .

;[13] 717·104 3 . , - 10100 .[7]

2012 , . (HST) , , .[44] HST .[45]

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() () (~100 ), ,

, , .[28] , , , , .[46] ≈1 /, , .[46] " ", , .[15][46] , 100 , .[46][47] , , I, ˸ VII.[28] - , . , , .[47]

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1980 , [56]. 2003 Human Outer Planets Exploration (HOPE .) . [8][57].

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2003 , , 2040- , , , [58][59].

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  1. ^  (a) (e): a(1+e).
  2. ^  (a) (e): a(1-e).
  3. ^  (r): 4\pi r^2.
  4. ^  (r): \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3.
  5. ^  (m), (G) (r): \frac{Gm}{r^2}.
  6. ^  (m), (G) (r): \textstyle\sqrt{\frac{2Gm}{r}}.
  7. ^  - ; .
  8. ^  I/(mr2), I , m , r . 0.4 , 0.4 .
  9. ^  , , , ; () Greeley. 2000.[11]

[]

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