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́ ́ (. Qarabağ Müharibəsi, . Արցախյան պատերազմ) , .
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XX [6] ( 19051907 19181920 ) - ( . ).
19181920 , . 22 1918 - ( 1918 . ). . 1920 11- , , . 1920 .
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1987 - 1991
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-, «» , , . - (, ), , . «» . -, - , 60- 70- . . ( -, -). , . -, , 19181920 .[16]
20 1988 , . « » , « »[17]. 22 , 27 29 , . . 1988 , . 1989 . ; , ( ). , , (, , ) ( , 50 . ).
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1989 . [8].
28 1989 - . , . , () . , , [19].
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13-18 , 35 . , 90 . 20 , (. ).
25 1990 , , , « , , ». , . . , 1990 160 - , 156 , [19].
1991 , «». , « » , . 24 .
25 «», .
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. 4- ( ), , , . ( , , , , , ). 11 000 . 4- 49- 1992 . . 19- [21].
. , . 1992 (15- 164-) 7- , 500 [21].
1992 14 -24 9 -8, . 13 -24, 7- , .[22]
1992
- 1 [23]. .
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- 21-22 . [24].
- 28 -8, . .[22]
- 31 [25].
- , , , 99 , 140 .[3]
- 14 7 .
- 19 , , , [22].
- 25-26 , [26][27][28], .[29][30] , , - .[31]
- 2 1992 , . «» [32] , 2 «» « » [32][33].
- 3 - -26, . 16 (. -26 ).
- 21 , 28 . , ( ). 29 , . «» 163. , 12 «» . 29 , . - , , , 30 2.30 . 8 , 28 . , 150 [34].
- 30 , . 15 7 , 10 [34].
- 1 , , 50 [34].
- 4 [34].
- 8 , 80- , -25[35].
- 10 , [36][37][ ?]
- , , .[38] [39].
- 8 -25, , , ( 30 120 )[35]. -24, , , [35].
- 8 9 , , , [40][41][42].
- 9 , -40, . , , . .[35].(. -40 (9 1992))
- 12 -26, () ().[35].
- 18 , «faits accomplis ».[38]
- 18 , . . .[40]
- 18 -25 , , [35].
- 19 , -25 [43].
- 20 , . 18 , , 15 .[38]
- 20 -24 . , [43].
- 2526 -25 -24 [43].
- 910 , , . , - . ( 30) -25, , ( ) , . , , , , . 9 , - , . 16 : 5 -25 11 -24. -76, [43].
- 12 : . . 100 , .[39] , . 10 ( -72 ), 200 , [39].
- 13 3- -25 , , . , « »[43].
- 18 -23-2 2- -24, -30. , , , [44].
- 8 , , , -23-2, «», . 57- -60. , -24. -23-2 -24[44].
- 20 , -25, 16- - 82- . , , - [44].
- , [44]. -250 -500 . , [45]. -24[44].
- 23 -25 . 500 , 14 [45]
- 31 20 (), 16 121 [45].
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- 10 -25, . , , , [45].
- 24 907 « », [47][48][49][50].
- 12 -24[44].
- 17 -, .
- 7 , -24 -25. 1993 14 8 -24, 11 13[45].
1993
- 15 -21[45].
- 27 .
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- 23 40- .
- 22 .
- 19 ( ), 10 . [51].
- 23-25 .
- 31 1 , -24[51].
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- 23-24 . . , .
- 28 (25 ) .
- 1 . .
1994
1994 , , . : 4 , 2 [53]
- 17 - C-130 Hercules , . 19 ( ) 13 [57].
- 25 () , . [51].
- 10 1994 - . 1500 30 (17 ) ( ) , . , . , . -25 -500 [51].
- 12 , 38 . . ˸ . , [51].
- 23 , [51].
- 14 . [58].
- 16 6 1994 - , 5- « », . . . . . , (14-21 ) - 2000 (600 ). 28 8 , 5 , 15 .
, , , 19921996 , ( . , . ) , [59].
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1992 -24 (14 ) -8 (9 ) , 13 -24, 7- , .
1992 4- 14 , 96 40 , 4 -21 «»>.( / 02105. 4 , - , , . - .) , . , .
8 1992 -25, - ( , 1967 , ) -, 80- . : , , (8 ) . , . , , , . , , , , .
1992 . 4- . 22 1992 № 314(3)022 :
- 54 ,
- 40 , 50 .
, 6 -23-2, 4 -23-4 «», 4 57- -60 «-2». 57- -60, -23-2 «» -23-4 «». , . . 1992 -250 -500 ( ) ( « »).
21 1991 12 1994 (11 . ) ( ) 21000 «», 2700 «» 1900 . 180 ( ) 100 500- - , 8 ( ).
«» , - - , 13,4 (11.722 . ) ; 92,5 % - « »: (, , , ) ( ). , 15 % - : (327 ., ), ( « » 701 . , ).
, , 21 [61].
1995 , . 90 , , 30 , . 1996 « ». 1997 . 1996 . 6 , .[62]
.
- Karl DeRouen, Jr. and Uk Heo, Editors Civil Wars of the World: major conflicts since World War II. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2007. . 1. . 148. 865 . ISBN 1-85109-919-0, 978-1-85109-919-1
:
: 19921994(.)War: NKR vs Azerbaijan
Dates: 19921994 - 12 1994
- 1 2 . « : »
- Tom de Waal, Black Garden, pp. 285-86:
On 27 October 1993, Aliev said that 20 percent of his country was occupied by the Armenians. Perhaps because Azerbaijanis did not want to contradict their president or because it was a powerful round number, this figure has been repeated by Azerbaijanis ever since. <> This means that the combined area of Azerbaijan under Armenian control is approximately 11,797 km2 or 4,555 square miles. Azerbaijans total area is 86,600 km2. So the occupied zone is in fact 13.62 percent of Azerbaijan still a large figure, but a long way short of President Alievs repeated claim.
- Nicu Popescu. EU Foreign Policy and Post-Soviet Conflicts: Stealth Intervention. 96
- .
- ." ". , . 33(95). -
- 1 2 3 Svante E. Cornell. The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Report No 46, Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University, 1999
- Vladislav Martinovich Zubok A failed empire: the Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev. UNC Press, 2007. . 58. 467 . ISBN 0807830984, 9780807830987
- 1 2 . . :
- Archie Brown «The Gorbachev factor» 262(406)- Oxford University Press, 1997 . ISBN 0-19-288052-7, 9780192880529
The Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had good reason for their discontent. The region was economically impoverished and exploited by the authorities in Baku, while Armenian culture was suppressed. Despite its closeness to the border with Armenia, the people of Nagorno-Karabakh could not receive television broadcasts from Yerevan and the teaching of Armenian history was suppressed in the schools
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/in_depth/newsid_4640000/4640183.stm . « ». 1. 1988
- :
- . . . . - , 2003. 416 . ISBN 5-699-03011-5
- . . . , 21.09.2006 .
- . . (19881993 ) // . ., 1994. N 4. C. 155156. . .: . , 19881994. . Contested Borders in the Caucasus, ed. Bruno Coppieters. VUB University Press, 1996. ISBN 90 5487 1172 NUGI 654
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<ref>;vaal - http://lib.ru/MEMUARY/1939-1945/KRIWOSHEEW/poteri.txt#w11.htm XX . , - . . . «-» 2001
- 1 2 3 . . . . , . .: -, 2007. 384 . . ISBN5-7117-0163-0
- 1 2 «» , 25 26 1992 .
- 1 2 3 ()
- 1 2 3 «» № 6/2000 . « » 3
- 1 2 , « , »
- . , « , »
- , . « XX (19892000)»
- Human Rights Watch World Report 1993 The Former Soviet Union. (.)
, , , . , .
(.)A large column of residents, accompanied by a few dozen retreating fighters, fled the city as it fell to Armenian forces. As they approached the border with Azerbaijan, they came across an Armenian military post and were cruelly fired upon.
- «»
.
- .
366- ( ) . 613 , , .
- Human Rights Watch / Helsinki Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York Washington Los Angeles London Brussels, 1994. . 6. ISBN 1-56432-142-8 (.)
200 , .
(.)More than 200 civilians were killed in the attack, the largest massacre to date in the conflict.
- . . . 11. 1991 1992 . .
. , , , .
- : -, . « : »
- 1 2 «» № 234 (457) 04.12.1993
- ." : " - 154 ISBN 978-985-513-326-2
- 1 2 3 4 «» // // № 114 (114) 06.04.1992
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- BBC
10 - .
- .
- 1 2 3 Michael P. Croissant The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: causes and implications p. 81 [1]
- 1 2 3 «» // - // № 125 (125) 22.06.1992
- 1 2 // . 11. 1991 1992
- :
- Nicholas Griffin // Caucasus: a journey to the land between Christianity and Islam // 185 (240) University of Chicago Press, 2004 ISBN 0226308596, 9780226308593 [2]
- 1 2 3 4 5 [ « » ( № 6/2000 . 5)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 « »( № 6//2000 . 6)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 « »( № 6//2000 . 7)
- , « »
- Svante E. Cornell Small nations and great powers: a study of ethnopolitical conflict in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2001. . 368. 480 . ISBN 0700711627, 9780700711628
- F. Stephen Larrabee, Ian O. Lesser Turkish foreign policy in an age of uncertainty. Center for Middle East Public Policy (Rand Corporation). 2003. . 116. 218 .
- Thomas De Waal Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war. NYU Press, 2003. . 234, 276. 337 . ISBN 0814719457, 9780814719459
- Heather S. Gregg Divided They Conquer: The Success of Armenian Ethnic Lobbies in the United States. Inter-University Committee on International Migration, 2002. . 22. 35 .
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 « »( № 6//2000 . 8)
- 1 2 Radio free Europe|Radio Liberty // Nagorno-Karabakh: Timeline Of The Long Road To Peace
- 1 2 , « »
- , « . 19921994. »
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17 -24 -21, .
- «Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh Human rights documents»( 1245). - Human Rights Watch, 1994 . ISBN 1564321428, 9781564321428 108(118)
In February 1994, for example, the Armenian Defense Ministry reported shooting down an Azerbaijani Air Force SU-25 that strayed over the Border near Vardenis and capturing a Tatar mercenary from Kyrgyztan, Marat Ishkinovich
- C-130
- 1 2 . . ( ).
- : ?
- Robert Bevan «The Destruction of Memory:Architecture at War» pages 52-59. 2006, 240 pages ISBN 1-86189-205-5
- . .
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