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́ ́ ́ (. ғ ўғ , Islom Abdugʻani oʻgʻil Karimov; 30 1938, )  , (19891991), (19901991), ( 1990 ).

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  1. 1 2 -
  2. David Seddon A political and economic dictionary of the Middle East.  Taylor & Francis, 2004.  . 363.  ISBN 1857432126, 9781857432121 Islam Karimov. President of Uzbekistan since 1990. Born on 30 January 1938 in the southern city of Samarkand to a Tajik mother and an Uzbek father, Karimov lost both his parents at a young age grew up in an orphanage.
  3.  (.)
  4. Leokadia Drobizheva, Rose Gottemoeller, Catherine McArdle Kelleher Ethnic conflict in the post-Soviet world: case studies and analysis.  M.E. Sharpe, 1998.  . 282.  ISBN 1563247410, 9781563247415 As with many Samarkand "Uzbeks", Karimov has Tajik blood as well, and it is said that his mouther was Tajik.
  5. Micah D. Halpern Thugs: How History's Most Notorious Despots Transformed the World Through Terror, Tyranny, and Mass Murder.  Thomas Nelson Inc, 2007.  . 310.  ISBN 1595550739, 9781595550736 He was born of an Uzbek father and a Tajik mouther and raised in a Soviet-run orphanage.
  6. - , 109-112.  "", 2009.  . 20. (. 1938 .), , 1991 . 30 1938 . (). , , , , , .
  7. Craig Murray. Murder in Samarkand. 2006. [ISBN 978-1-84596-194-7], and Dirty Diplomacy, 2007, Scribner
  8. Civil and political rights, including the questions of torture and detention United Nations Economic and Social Council
  9. The Worlds Worst Dictators2007 | Parade.com
  10. Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana Decorato di Gran Cordone S.E. Islam Abduganievich Karimov (.)
  11. Ar Triju Zvaigžņu ordeni apbalvoto personu reģistrs apbalvošanas secībā, sākot no 2004. gada 1.oktobra (.)
  12. . . . « » ( 10-і ї ї ї). ISSN 0130-5247. . і. ., 2002, № 6, . 78-91.  (.)
  13. ї № 128/98 і 17 1998 « і ї » (.)
  14. ї № 129/98 і 17 1998 « і ї І » (.)

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(19231991)
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. .  (1929) . .  (19291937) . .  (19371950) . .  (19501955)
. .  (19551957) . .  (19571959) . .  (19591983)
. .  (19831988) . .  (19881989) . .  (19891991)
 
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