, . , . 1960 [1][2][3]: , , ( )[4]. -1 1979 ,[5] 1990- .[6] .[7] .[8]
.[5][9] : « »; , « »; « » (Gossamer rings ), : .[10]
, , « » .[7] , 15 « ».[12] . , 1011 1016 .[13] , .[13]
, , , S/2000 J 11.[14]
|
|
[]
, . 1979 -1.[5] 4 : « »; « »; « », : .[10] .[6][9][10][12]
| () | () | () | [c] | ( τ) | , | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 92 000-122 500 | 30 500 | 12 500 | ~1·106 | 100 % | |||
| 122 500-129 000 | 6 500 | 30-300 | 5.9·106 | ~25 % | 107- 109 () 1011- 1016 ( ) |
||
| 129 000-182 000 | 53 000 | 2 000 | ~1·107 | 100 % | 107- 109 | ||
| 129 000-226 000 | 97 000 | 8 400 | ~3·108 | 100 % | 107- 109 | . . |
[]
[]
. 129 000 ( 1.806 RJ; RJ = 71 398 ) , .[6][9] 122 500 (1.72 RJ).[6]
6 500 . .[13] - [a] 128 600 ( ) 129 300 .[6] «-» 129 000 .[6][9] 126 000 , , 128 000 .[6] « » «» 124 000 120 000 , .[6][9] - .
[b] . , 129 100 , , .[13] , , . , 128 500 .[13] , . , « ».[13] - [8] - : 128 000 129 000 , , 122 500 128 000 , , - .[13][15] « » . , - , - 2007 .[11][16] (HST),[7] [8] , .[12] 20022003 .[17]
- , 30 .[9] , 80 160 , .[6][12] - , 300 .[6] ( 600 ) .[6] , .[6]
- 2007 « ».[18] 0.5 , . .[18] , . 0.1-0.3° , 1000-3000 .[18] 2 5 2 . , 115:116 114:115 .[18] .
[]
,[7] ,[19] [20] .[12] , , .[12] , 0.8 μm 2.2 μm.[12] [7] .[19]
0.1-10 μm. - .[13][15] - .[13][15]
n(r) r r + ,
. q 2.0 ± 0.2 r < 15 ± 0.3 μm q = 5 ± 1 r > 15 ± 0.3 μm.[12] - .[13] r 15 μm.[12][20]
, , [c]
:
.[12] , 5000 ².[d][13] .[12] 107109 .[13] , , 10111016 . , 1 .[13] : 2·1015 ,[13] 2·1018 [23], 7.4·1022 .
, , .[22] - .[13] , , - , , .[13][15]
[]
.[22][24] , , . « » 100 1000 .[13][24] , 1 0.5 [18] .[13][24] 1000 , , .[13][15] , 0.5 . .[18] [7][15] [12] 4 .[13] , , -, , ( - ) .[13][24] , .[10]
[]
2 . , . , - 1995 , 1990 .[25][26][27] 1996 «»: : 1920 ± 150 630 ± 20 , 2.4 ± 0.7 0.6 ± 0.2 , .[27] , 2-5 x 1012 , 2 .[27] [28] C D.[29]
[]
[]
. 122 500 (1.72 RJ).[6][9] , . , 10 000 .[6][8] 100 000 (1.4 RJ),[8] 92 000 .[6] , 30 000 . .[13] , .
- , .[6] , ( ) . 20 000 , , : z0.6 z1.5,[13] z . - , [8] ,[7] . , - .[13]
[]
, 15 μm .[7][13][21] , .[7][8][13] -, . , , ,
.[9][13] . « » (3:2 ).[e][22][30][31] [22][24] , . , , .[13] 2:1 .[22][30][31] , , , .[13] , .[13]
[]
[]
, 182 000 (2.54 RJ) 129 000 (1.80 RJ).[6][13] - .[6] 2300 [f][8]. . [32]. ;[6] ,[6] 4:3 .[17] - 30 .[6] - [8] ACS ( ) .[15] , : , .[8][17]
20022003 « ». 0.2-5 μm.[33][34] , , (< 1 ) .[35] , .
, , , , , , q=2 ± 0.5.[15][34] , 107, , (107109 ) .[10][24][34]
[]
. . 226 000 (3.11 RJ) 129 000 (1.80 RJ;).[6][13] .[6] 8400 .[f][8] , , , .[32] , 15 000 .[6] , 280 000 (3.75 RJ) .[6][34] - [6] - .[8] - , .[8] 20022003 0.2-5 μm , .[33][34]
3·108, , -: 107109 .[10][24][34] . q < 2. q .[34]
[]
.[24] , . .[24] -, , - -.[24] .[13] : , .[32]
, , , - .[13] . , . , , .[36] .[34][36]
, (L4) (L5) .[32] .[17] . , : , -, 1:1 .[32]
[]
S/2000 J 11 4 2000 .[37] , 170 , . . , .[14]
[]
11 1975 .[38] 1979 1 .[5] 2, .[9] , 1995 2003 , .[6] 1997 2002 [8] 1999 [7] . , - 2007 ,[16] . 2000 .[39] .
[]
[]
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