8 1986 |
|
| : | ; , |
|---|---|
| : | 1758 ( ) |
| : | , 1P |
| [1] | |
| : | 2449400,5 (17 1994) |
| : | 35,1 . . (9 2023)[2] |
| : | 0,586 . . |
| : | 17,8 . . |
| : | 0,967 |
| : | 75,3 a |
| : | 162,3° |
| : | 9 1986[2][3] |
| : | 28 2061[2][3] |
| : | 15×8 [4], 11 ( )[1] |
| : | 2,2·1014 [5] |
| : | 600 /³ ( 200 1500 /³[6]) |
| : | 0,04[7] |
| -, | |
́ ́ ( 1P/Halley[1]) , 7576 [1][8]. , . . . - . , , , . , , 30 . 240 . .[8][9] 1986 ; 2061 [2][3][10].
1986 , , «1» «2»[11], [12][13].
|
|
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. , , [14]. , . , , (V . . .) , « , , , , , , . , , , [ ] , , , »[15]. , , , , , . (I . . .) , , : «, , ; - ; , »[16].
, 1577 ( , ), , . , [17].
16801681 24- (C/1680 V1, ), , , . , , , , . 1682, , , , , , . [18], , , , [19]. , , 1684 « » (. De Motu Corporum in Gyrum)[20]. 10 1684 . . 1686 , « », , , , . 1687 120 [21]. , . . . , , 1680 1681 ( ), , [22]. , 1705 « » (. Synopsis Astronomiae Cometicae) [23].
1531 ( ), 1607 ( ) 1682 . ( ), , , 7576 . , 1758 [24].
, 25 1758 , - . . 13 1759 , , , 618 [25]. . , . .-. . 31 [26][27][28]. , 1742 [29]. , . [30]. . 1759 [30].
[]
75 76 , 240 . . . 74 79 [30][31]. , . 0,967 (0 , 1 ). 0,587 . . ( ) 35 . . ( ). 162,5° ( , , , , 180162,5=17,5°)[32]. 0,17 . .[33] . 1910 70,56 /[34]. (. ), : - [35].
, , 200 [36]. 200 . ( 10 ) 10 , [30]. 20 2030 . , , , 20 200 , 90 , [36][37][38]. 54 , 400[39].
, , -[36]. , [38] , , 20 00050 000 . . , , [38] 30 . . ( ) 50 . . . 2008 , , 2008 KV42[40][41]. 20 . . ( ), 70 . . ( ). , [42].
, 16 000 200 000 , - , [43]. [43], , . [44][45].
10 . , , [38]. 20003000 8090 %[13].
[]
[48] .
« , , , , »[49].
| , . . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26.08.1531 | 162°18 | 50°48 | 301°36 | 0,58 |
| 27.10.1607 | 162°58 | 50°21 | 302°16 | 0,58 |
| 15.09.1682 | 162°24 | 49°25 | 301°39 | 0,57 |
1456 , , - . 1758 , 76 . , 25 1758 . , , (, ). 13 ( , 12 ). 1835 , , , , 4 , , . 1910 , [50].
1456 (17831784 ). , , 837 1301 , .
.-. 1843 , , , 65 . . . 989 . , (1843) 1378 , . 760, 451 1301 .
1850 . 1301 , , 76,5 , . 18 11 . . (1223, 912, 837, 603, 373 11 . .) , , .
, . . . . (1907)[51][52][53], , . 1531 1910 , , , . , , , , . 1301 239 . .[54][55][56][57][58]
1,5 , 15 240 . ., , .
451 . . 622 . . . . . 451 . . 622 . . 530 1910 , . . [59] . , , . (1862) 1910 2,8 , [60] (1986 ) . , , [48].
1986 :
- 1967 2000 , 4 1986 (, , 4 )[61].
- 1971 [62] 5000 , , 1986 1,5 . , . , , 87 . . . , 1971 1682 218 . , 141 . 141 0,17 . . , . 1682 , 141 . 1982 [63].
- 1971 , [44], 1682 240 . . . , , 4 . , .
- 1973 , [64] , , .
- 1977 [65] 1607 1911 . , 1682, 1759 18351836 837 . 837 ( 0,04 . .) .
- 1981 [48] 1759, 1682 1607 1404 . ., , 837, 374 141 . , 837 800 .
- 1984 1986 [66][67], , 2317 . . . 2284 . . 467 . . . 2580 . . , 0,03 837 .
- 1988 [68] 300 , 1835 1987 .
, , . , , , . , , [46].
, , . , , , .
[]
| [44][48] | [63] | , [44][48] | [66] | [68] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2134/03/28.66 | ||||
| 2061/07/29.31 | 2061/07/28.86 | |||
| 1986/02/09.46 | 1986/02/09.39 | 1986/02/09.66 | 1986/02/09.51 | |
| 1910/04/20.18 | 1910/04/19.68 | 1910/04/20.18 | 1910/04/20.18 | |
| 1835/11/16.44 | 1835/11/15.94 | 1835/11/16.44 | 1835/11/16.44 | |
| 1759/03/13.06 | 1759/03/12.55 | 1759/03/13.06 | 1759/03/13.06 | 1759/03/12.51 |
| 1682/09/15.28 | 1682/09/14.79 | 1682/09/15.28 | 1682/09/15.28 | 1682/09/14.48 |
| 1607/10/27.54 | 1607/10/26.80 | 1607/10/27.54 | 1607/10/27.52 | 1607/10/25.00 |
| 1531/08/25.80 | 1531/08/25.59 | 1531/08/26.23 | 1531/08/26.26 | 1531/08/23.68 |
| 1456/06/09.1 | 1456/06/08.97 | 1456/06/09.63 | 1456/06/09.50 | 1456/06/08.10 |
| 1378/11/09 | 1378/11/10.87 | 1378/11/10.69 | 1378/11/10.62 | 1378/11/09.64 |
| 1301/10/24.53 | 1301/10/26.40 | 1301/10/25.58 | 1301/10/25.19 | 1301/10/25.22 |
| 1222/10/0.8 | 1222/09/29.12 | 1222/09/28.82 | 1222/09/28.55 | 1222/09/29.68 |
| 1145/04/21.25 | 1145/04/17.86 | 1145/04/18.56 | 1145/04/18.12 | 1145/04/20.60 |
| 1066/03/23.5 | 1066/03/19.52 | 1066/03/20.93 | 1066/03/20.07 | 1066/03/22.68 |
| 989/09/08 | 989/09/02.99 | 989/09/05.69 | 989/09/04.09 | 989/09/07.69 |
| 912/07/9.5 | 912/07/16.59 | 912/07/18.67 | 912/07/17.00 | 912/07/19.28 |
| 837/02/28.27 | 837/02/27.88 | 837/02/28.27 | 837/02/28.48 | 837/02/28.31 |
| 760/05/22.5 | 760/05/21.78 | 760/05/20.67 | 760/05/20.61 | 760/05/20.53 |
| 684/09/28.5 | 684/10/6.73 | 684/10/02.77 | 684/10/01.43 | 684/10/02.47 |
| 607/03/12.5 | 607/03/18.20 | 607/03/15.48 | 607/03/13.57 | 607/03/15.04 |
| 530/09/26.7 | 530/09/26.89 | 530/09/27.13 | 530/09/25.63 | 530/09/27.31 |
| 451/06/24.5 | 451/06/25.79 | 451/06/28.25 | 451/06/27.23 | 451/06/27.96 |
| 374/02/17.4 | 374/02/12.56 | 374/02/16.34 | 374/02/15.29 | 374/02/15.35 |
| 295/04/20.5 | 295/04/22.54 | 295/04/20.40 | 295/04/20.63 | 295/04/20.02 |
| 218/05/17.5 | 218/05/27.56 | 218/05/17.72 | 218/05/17.71 | 218/05/17.76 |
| 141/03/22.35 | 141/04/10.24 | 141/03/22.43 | 141/03/21.08 | 141/03/22.53 |
| 66/01/26.5 | 66/02/19.97 | 66/01/25.96 | 66/01/21.90 | 66/01/25.57 |
| 11/10/05.5 | 11/10/08.64 | 11/10/10.85 | 11/10/06.00 | 11/10/08.92 |
| 86/08/02.5 | 86/07/10.40 | 86/08/06.46 | 86/08/03.54 | 86/08/03.41 |
| 163/10/5.5 | 163/06/22.38 | 163/11/12.57 | 163/10/30.11 | 163/10/23.13 |
| 239/03/30.5 | 240/11/30.64 | 239/05/25.12 | 239/04/16.52 | 239/03/22.55 |
| 316/10/15.78 | 314/09/08.52 | 314/05/15.22 | 314/02/13.31 | |
| 392/04/22.19 | 390/09/14.37 | 390/04/28.98 | 391/12/15.22 | |
| 466? | 467/07/16.05 | 465/07/18.24 | 465/04/11.15 | 466/12/2.00 |
| 543/04/10.57 | 539/05/10.83 | 541/12/17.11 | 542/04/13.94 | |
| 612? | 619/10/5.17 | 615/07/28.50 | 617/09/19.97 | 619/10/16.14 |
. . : 1 . . = 0 , 2 . . = 1 . . 1607 , .
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. -. [70], , , , , 100 [69][71]. ( , , 6 7 1910 )[12]. , , . , I . . , . , . II III . II . III . , , , , II . . I, II . III 1835 [33]. 1986 I () II .
, 15×8×8 [4]. , 2,2·1014 [5], 600 /³, , , , , [72]. , 7,4 , , , , 52 [13]. , , , [69]. 25 % , , , [13].
. , , , [13]. (, ) , . , , , 80 % , 17 % ( ) 34 % ( )[73], [74], 10 % [75]. , --- (CHON) , , , [69]. , (~1 )[12]. , , , , , , , . , , , [69].
«» , « ». , , , ( ) , , . «» , [69], . , 4 %, , 4 % . , [76]. , , -, -. « » 170 (103 °C) , 220 (53 °C) , «-1» , 300400 (+30+130 °C). , 10 , , [12]. , , « », « »[13][77].
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. 30 . . , . . «» [78][79], [8].
( 78- 466 . ., , , , ; 618 619 . .) . , 240 . . 16 . , 315 . . [48] .
164 . . 1985 . . [80]. , , , , . « », 750 . . . 70 . . . « » .
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607 : «, , , »[91]. , , , , . [8].
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837 (0,0342 . .). « » « ». 80°. , . I , « » .
912 ( ), , , ( ), , , , , , , . X , [92].
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1378 - . , , , . .
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[98]. 1066, 1145, 1222, 1301, 1378, 1531, 1607, 1682 , 912 . , 1066 :
ѣ, ѣ , , ѣ ѣ 7 . , ѣ , ѣ ѣ , .
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. 989 , , 989 , . , , , , [99][100].
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ѣ ѣ ѣ, ѣ 18 , ѣ , , ѣ , , ѣ .
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ѣ і, і і : ѣ, , ѣ , , , ѣ, , . і , і , ѣ і, ѣ .
[]
1456 . Ÿ 26 . , 8 8 . , , « ». 1468 II «De Cometa», [8].
1531 , .
1607 , , .
1682 . 1531, 1607 1682 , , , 1758 . « » ( 17261727 ). , « , , , , , »[102]
1759 . 13 1759 ., 32 . . Ÿ 1758 - . . 1759 , , . , 25°. . [33].
1835 , , 1834 . 6 1835 . . . 20 . . , . 1- 20°. . . . , . , , , [103]. 17 . . . , . 16 1835 ., . , , 1/1049 ( 1/1047,6). . 19 1836 [33].
1910 [12]. 0,15 . ., [104]. 11 1909 . 72- -, , 1617 ( 1 ). , 28 . 20 ( 3 . . . . . ) . . 18 , , . 18 . . . . . 0,20,3, . 23 , , 2030 . . ( 15 ) , . 1910 . 1- , 30°. 20 , 16 1911 . ( 5,4 . .).
500 , 100 . , , 1986 . . . [33].
, [105]. 18 , , « » « »[106][107]. , , , [108]. 18 , , , [33].
- 1909 : « 1835 . , , . , . , , : , , »[109][110]. : 30 1835 , , 21 1910 , .
[] 1986
1986 . 1986 , , , [111]. , - [112]. , , [113]. 16 1982 5,1- -[114]. , 1986 , - (Stephen James OMeara), 24 1985 - 60- , 19,6[115]. ( - NASA) [116]. 1984 1987 : The International Halley Watch (IHW)[117].
, . , , «-1» «-2» ( « » ). «-1» 4 1986 14 , . «-1» 6 8879 . ~78 /, 45 %, . «-2» 8045 9 . «» 1500 [11]. «», 14 , 605 ( , , 1200 , - «», )[11]. : «» ( 8 , 150 ) «» (10 , 7 , ). , , « »[118].
, «» () 1985 , [119]. « » (International Cometary Explorer) ( « 3»), L1 21P/ [120].
«» (STS-51L[121] STS 61-E [ 1986 ]), «» 28 1986 . «ASTRO-1», [122], , 1990 «» STS-35[123].
[] 1986
12 1991 14,4 . . , 300 000 [69]. 68 2003 « » ESO -, , 28,2 4/5 . (28,06 . . 4200 ) , [124][125]. [125]. 2023 , .
28 2061 [2], , 19851986 ., , [31]. , 0,3 +2,1 1986 [126]. 9 2060 0,98 . . , 20 2061 0,0543 . . (8,1 ) [127]. 2134 , 0,09 . . (13,6 ) [127]. Ÿ 2,0[126].
[] .
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[]
| ? |
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| 236P/LINEAR 237P/LINEAR 1P/ 2P/ 3D/ | ||
| International Cometary Explorer · | |
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| Stardust | |
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| . | , : 103P/ · 67P/ · 81P/ · 9P/ · |
| . |




