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́, ́ ́ (. Félis silvéstris cátus) , [1] ( ) «-»[2][3][4].
, . . (Felis silvestris catus) (Felis silvestris)[5].
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, , [22] Felis silvestris, Felis silvestris catus[5][23]. F. silvestris, F. silvestris catus 2003 [24], , - , , , F. catus.
, () : Felis catus domesticus, Felis silvestris domesticus, 1777 « » Felis domesticus ( Felis domestica, Felis ). , .
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. . « » (Old Possums Book of Practical Cats) « » (The Naming Of Cats). . . « ?», , .
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while the feral and free-living domestic cat, Felis catus, can survive in the solitary state , social groups that have internal structure, and in which group members recognize each other and engage in a variety of social behaviors, are formed whenever there are sufficient food resources to support a group In other words, they are a social species.
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Descending from the wild cats of the Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ago, domestic cats spread with human agriculture, trade and colonization.
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This shows that the whole set of words is fairly old. It is based on *khath- 'cat', from which are derived verbs meaning 'give birth' (to small animals) and names for the young of small animals.
- , , 12.03.2004
«» , . «» , , , , catulus ( ).
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A genetic assessment of 979 domestic cats and their wild progenitors (Felis silvestris silvestris European wildcat; F. s. lybica Near Eastern wildcat; F. s. ornata Central Asian wildcat; F. s. cafra sub Saharan African wildcat; and F. s. bieti Chinese desert cat) indicated that each wild group represents a distinctive subspecies of Felis silvestris.
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At least five females, of the wildcat subspecies known as Felis silvestris lybica, accomplished this delicate transition from forest to village, scientists have concluded, based on new DNA research. And from these five matriarchs, all the worlds 600 million house cats are descended.
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The evidence comes from the Neolithic, or late stone age, village of Shillourokambos on Cyprus, which was inhabited from the 9th to the 8th millennia BC.
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In view of the finds at Shillourokambos, an Anatolian origin seems more likely.
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The available archaeological evidence indicates that the process of wildcat domestication began in the Neolithic in the same place and time as the development of year-round settlements and the onset of an agricultural economy.
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High-rise syndrome was diagnosed in 119 cats over a 4-year period. 59,6 % of cats were younger than one year, and the average height of the fall was four stories. High-rise syndrome was more frequent during the warmer period of the year. 96,5 % of the presented cats, survived after the fall. 46,2 % of cats had fractured limbs; 38,5 % of fractures were of the forelimb, 61,5 % of the hindlimb. The tibia was fractured most often (36.4 %), followed by the femur (23.6 %). 78,6 % of femoral fractures were distal. The mean age of patients with femoral fractures was 9.1 months, and with tibial fractures 29.2 months. Thoracic trauma was diagnosed in 33,6 % of cats. Pneumothorax was diagnosed in 20 % of cats, and pulmonary contusions in 13,4 %. Falls from the seventh or higher stories, are associated with more severe injuries and with a higher incidence of thoracic trauma.
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Above seven stories, however, the number of injuries per cat sharply declined.
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Vaccination is a potent medical procedure with both risks and benefits. While there is evidence that some vaccines provide immunity beyond one year, revaccination of patients with sufficient immunity does not necessarily add to their disease protection and may increase the potential risk of post-vaccination adverse events.
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In general, guidelines for vaccination of cats have been strongly influenced by the appearance of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats, and in particular their epidemiologic association with feline leukemia virus vaccines and killed rabies virus vaccines. Thus, there is clear evidence for minimizing frequency of vaccination in cats.
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- James B. Lawhead,MeeCee Baker. Introduction to veterinary science. Cengage Learning, 2005. . 195. 327 . ISBN 076683302X, 9780766833029
Chocolate toxicity can be fatal. Cats happen to be very sensitive to a toxin in onions.
- Michael W. Fox. Cat Body, Cat Mind: Exploring Your Cat's Consciousness and Total Well-Being. Globe Pequot. . 190. 233 . ISBN 1599210622, 9781599210629
Problems arise when people get into the habit of giving their cats more than a taste of various human foods.
- Sandra Choron, Harry Choron, Arden Moore. Planet Cat: A CAT-alog. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2007. . 202. 424 . ISBN 0618812598, 9780618812592
- Pam Johnson-Bennett, Pam Johnson. Cat love: understanding the needs and nature of your cat. Storey Communications, 1990. . 77. 247 . ISBN 0882665944, 9780882665948
A tablespoon of yogurt is a wonderful and healthy snack. Buy plain, unflavored yogurt your cat wont miss the fruit flavors.
- : (.). 19 2012. 4 2010.
- Debra Eldredge,Delbert G. Carlson,Liisa D. Carlson,Beth Adelman,James M. Giffin. Cat owner's home veterinary handbook / Beth Adelman. John Wiley and Sons, 2007. . 273. 626 . ISBN 047009530X, 9780470095300
As cats groom their coat, they pick up and swallow hair. The hair forms tubular wads. Other material, such as wool, may be incorporated into the wad of hair, resulting in the formation of a bezoar.
- .
- .. " " . Vetdoctor.ru. 19 2012. 5 2010.
- -. WCF . 19 2012. 5 2010.
- [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/125.htm http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Reports/Html/125.htm European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals (ETS No. 125), Explanatory Report] (.). (13-11-1987). 10 2010.
Article 10 Surgical operations 1. Surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative purposes shall be prohibited and, in particular: 1. the docking of tails; 2. the cropping of ears; 3. devocalisation; 4. declawing and defanging; 2. Exceptions to these prohibitions shall be permitted only: 1. if a veterinarian considers non-curative procedures necessary either for veterinary medical reasons or for the benefit of any particular animal; 2. to prevent reproduction. 3. a Operations in which the animal will or is likely to experience severe pain shall be carried out under anaesthesia only by a veterinarian or under his supervision. Operations for which no anaesthesia is required may be carried out by a person competent under national legislation.
35. It was also agreed that the example in sub-paragraph 1.d of Article 10, relating to declawing, applied particularly to cats and dogs. 36. Surgical procedures are prohibited but may be carried out if: - deemed necessary by a veterinarian, either for veterinary medical reasons, or in the interest of the animal itself, such as the removal of dewclaws; - such procedures would prevent reproduction. 37. Such procedures must be carried out by a veterinarian, or at least under his supervision, and under anaesthesia if they are likely to cause severe pain to the animal. If no anaesthesia is required, the operation may be carried out by persons who are competent to do so under domestic law.
- Tilly Anger. How to Be the Purrfect Guardian to Your Feline Companion. Trafford Publishing, 2004. . 70. 123 . ISBN 1412042402, 9781412042406
CFA disapproves of declawing or tendonectomy surgery." A cat that has been declawed is considered mutilated and is not allowed in the show ring. The kitten/cat who has been declawed frequently falls or appears clumsy.
- , , ( / . . . : «», 2010. . 171. 224 . ISBN 978-5-9603-0124-4)
- Thorndikes Puzzle Box experiments noted (.)
- Adler, H. M. Some Factors Of Observation Learning In Cats // Journal of Genetic Psychology. . 159-77.
- Hart, Benjamin L. Learning Ability in Cats // Feline Practices. 1975. № 10 12.
- Caro, T M, and M D Hauser Is There Teaching in Nonhuman Animals? // Quarterly Review of Biology. . 151 74.
- John, E R, P Chesler, F Bartlett and I Victor Observation Learning in Cats // Science. . 15891591.
- Pallaud, B Hypotheses On Mechanisms Underlying Observational Learning In Animals (.) // Behavioural Processes. 1984. № 9. DOI:10.1016/0376-6357(84)90024-X
- Doré, François Y Search Behaviour of Cats (Felis catus) in an Invisible Displacement Test: Cognition and Experience (.) // Canadian Journal of Psychology. . 359370. DOI:10.1037/h0084262
- Dumas, Claude Object Permanence in Cats (Felis catus): An Ecological Approach to the Study of Invisible Displacements (.) // Journal of Comparative Psychology. . 404410. DOI:10.1037/0735-7036.106.4.404
- Dumas, Claude Doré, François Y Cognitive Development in Kittens (Felis catus): An Observational Study of Object Permanence and Sensorimotor Intelligence (.) // Journal of Comparative Psychology. . 357365. DOI:10.1037/0735-7036.105.4.357
- Fiset, Sylvain, Doré, François Y Spatial Encoding in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) (.) // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behaviour Processes. 1996. . 22. . 420437. DOI:10.1037/0097-7403.22.4.420
- Heishman, Miriam, Mindy Conant and Robert Pasnak Human Analog Tests of the Sixth Stage of Object Permanence (.) // Perceptual and Motor Skills. . 1059 68.
- Re-Directed Aggression Towards Other Cats. 19 2012. 1 2010.
- Okujava et al., Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2005;65(2):205-11.
- Fiset, Sylvain, and François Y Doré Duration of cats' ( Felis catus ) working memory for disappearing objects. Animal Cognition Volume 9, Number 1, 62-70, DOI: 10.1007/s10071-005-0005-4. Springer Berlin (2006 Jan 9). 7 2010.
- Sarah Hartwell How Intelligent Are Cats?. MESSYBEAST. 31 2010.
Cats that are given a mix of simple and tough problems catch on faster to the tough problems than do cats who are given a straight course of nothing but the tough problems. In certain types of test, intelligent cats are content to underachieve a problem with the design of the test, not with the cats' intelligence!
- Jouvet, Michel (1979). «What does a cat dream about?». Trends in Neurosciences 2: 280282. DOI:10.1016/0166-2236(79)90110-3. ISSN 0166-2236. 2010-06-03.
- . 19 2012. 7 2009.
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- 1 2 ""?. 19 2012. 7 2009.
- // .info. : 2009. № 2. . 20-22.
- H. H ?. 19 2012. 1 2010.
- Why Cats Are a Threat to Our Ecosystem
Cats are a very adaptable species that have excellent eyesight and are skilled hunters. Their numbers and their natural hunting skills make them extremely damaging to the ecosystem.
- Domestic cat predation on birds and other wildlife (pdf) (.)
- Robbie A. McDonald . Predation of wildlife by domestic cats Felis catus in Great Britain. Mammal Review (27 May 2003). 19 2012. 26 2010.
Based on the proportion of cats bringing home at least one prey item and the back-transformed means, a British population of approximately 9 million cats was estimated to have brought home in the order of 92 (85-100) million prey items in the period of this survey, including 57 (52-63) million mammals, 27 (25-29) million birds and 5 (4-6) million reptiles and amphibians.
- (.). 19 2012. 27 2010.
- (.).( ) 27 2010.
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- Gary M. Landsberg, Wayne L. Hunthausen, Lowell J. Ackerman. Handbook of behavior problems of the dog and cat. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2003. . 1. . 49. 554 . ISBN 0702027103, 9780702027109
Some cats are independent, with little desire for contact with humans and other cats. Others maintain social relationships with people or other family pets throughout life. Approximately 15 % of cats seem resistant to socialization with humans. Most cats adapt well to sharing a home or apartment with people, other cats, and other pets.
- :" ", : . , .. ( (.)). Animalsprotectiontribune.ru. 19 2012. 4 2009.
- R. Galbreath, D. Brown The tale of the lighthouse-keeper's cat: Discovery and extinction of the Stephens Island wren (Traversia lyalli) (.). Notornis (2004).( ) 10 2010.
- p. 19 2012. 26 2010.
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- Dogs Are Smarter Than Cats - Study. eNotAlone.com (July 3, 2009). 19 2012. 31 2010.
Hogben said that in spite of the fact that humans have had a huge impact on the behavior of cats, it is still not easy to understand them or how they percieve the world around them. Cats are very intuitive animals and like to do things their own way.
- ( 5 2009)
- 1 2 , , . "" (1989 .).( ) 22 2010.
- Allergies to Cats (.). Cat Care Society (2000-2010). 13 2011. 9 2010.
The cat should be combed/brushed daily to control shedding. A coat conditioner should be added to its food to help prevent dry skin and reduce shedding. Coat conditioners can be purchased from pet supply stores or your veterinarian. Bathe your cat about every six weeks. Use a veterinarian-approved shampoo and rinse the cat very well. Towel off the excess water when the pet is in the tub or sink.
- Allergies to Cats (.). Cat Care Society (2000-2010). 13 2011. 9 2010.
If possible, invest in a large commercial-size air purifier because room-size units are usually not adequate. An air purifier cleans the air of animal dander, dust, molds, fur, and other air-borne irritants. Clean up the dander that has accumulated all over the house by vacuuming thoroughly. Damp wipe all counters and furniture. Thoroughly wash all bedspreads, sheets, throw rugs and slip covers, etc. It may take several house cleanings to allergize the home. If this is not accomplished, your family and your pet will simply be picking up loose dander from the house even after the pet has been allergized. The more washable surfaces in the home, the better, e.g. wood or linoleum floors, furniture with simple lines and Venetian blinds that wipe clean are better than carpets, upholstered and ornate furniture, and draperies that collect dust.
- ( , ) ( 19 2011)
- Nie W, Wang J, O'Brien PC (2002). «The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding». Chromosome Res. 10 (3): 20922. DOI:10.1023/A:1015292005631. ISSN 0967-3849. PMID 12067210.
- Pontius JU, Mullikin JC, Smith DR (November 2007). «Initial sequence and comparative analysis of the cat genome» (Free full text). Genome Res. 17 (11): 167589. DOI:10.1101/gr.6380007. ISSN 1088-9051. PMID 17975172.
- O'Brien SJ, Johnson W, Driscoll C, Pontius J, Pecon-Slattery J, Menotti-Raymond M (June 2008). «State of cat genomics». Trends Genet. 24 (6): 26879. DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2008.03.004. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 18471926.
- Sewell AC, Haskins ME, Giger U (September 2007). «Inherited metabolic disease in companion animals: searching for nature's mistakes». Vet. J. 174 (2): 2529. DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.08.017. ISSN 1090-0233. PMID 17085062.
- 1 2 Samurai Scottish Fold (.)
- Orca Starbuck David Thomas. (.). 19 2012. 26 2010.
- Orca Starbuck David Thomas. (.). 19 2012. 26 2010.
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- Diane Marcus Breed Article: Turkish Van (.). CFA. 13 2011. 9 2010.
- Feline Health Center Ask Elizabeth. Cornell University Feline Health Center. 19 2012. 26 2010.
- : ( 26 2009)
- (.). 19 2012. 26 2009.
- ( 4 2009)
- Tashiro (.). 19 2012. 10 2010.
- Alley Cat Rescue FAQs (.). Alley Cat Rescue. 25 2012. 10 2010.
- Alley Cat Rescue FAQs (.). Alley Cat Rescue. 25 2012. 10 2010.
- Indoors or Outdoors? (.). Kisses Cattery. 19 2012. 12 2010.
As with other breeds, and more especially the longhaired breeds, the Longhair Silver or Golden is an indoor cat. There are several reasons why they should not be allowed to roam freely outside: These cats are usually very friendly and soft-natured and get stolen easily. They are easy prey for dogs. They are the oldest man-made breed and have been cared for by humans since their inception, hence they are poor hunters that will not survive out on their own if they stray.
- (.) // «« » ». 2010.
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- O'Connor, T. P. (2007). «Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the cat Felis silvestris Schreber». International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 17 (6): 581595. DOI:10.1002/oa.913. 2010-06-12.
- Snorri Sturluson. Edda / Faulkes, Anthony. Everyman, 1995. . (1995:24). ISBN 0-460-87616-3
- . « » 1661,
- . . . (.). 19 2012. 9 2011.
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- Shizuko Mishima Manekineko: Japanese Lucky Cats. Japan Travel. About.com. 19 2012. 16 2010.
- Maneki neko museum (.). 19 2012. 27 2010.
- Rajaram Narayan Saletore. Encyclopaedia of Indian culture, Volume 4. Sterling Publishers, 1984. . 1316.
From this legend the black cat, which has been linked with the Sasti deitys name, has not been harmed. The Sasti worship is widespread in Bengal and also prevails in Western India.
- Tichenor, Henry Mulford. Archive.org Life - of Jehovah. . 6869.
«The Chronicle of Tabari further gives this interesting information Then Noah passed his hand down the back of the lion, who sneezed, and a pair of cats leaped out of his nostrils. And the cats ate the rats.»
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(2008) «, ». Koshki.Info (7-9). - (.).( ) 5 2009.
- KM.RU . (.). 19 2012. 26 2010.
- « » (.). 19 2012. 19 2010.
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- . (.). 19 2012. 15 2010.
- Simon, of HMS Amethyst, awarded the Dickin Medal (.). 19 2012. 15 2010.
- Stall, Sam (2007), 100 Cats Who Changed Civilization: History's Most Influential Felines, Quirk Books, pp. 5758, ISBN 1594741638
- Scarlett dies, New York Daily News, October 24, 2008 (.)
- Scarlett, the World-Famous Brave Mother Cat Who Survived a Fire and Saved Her Kittens, Passes Away . ( 19 2011)
- Below are the most popular names for the search criteria you entered. (.). 19 2012. 16 2010.
Tigger 1, Tiger 2, Max 3
- Top Names for Cats (.). 19 2012. 16 2010.
1. MAX, 2. BUDDY, 3. JAKE, 4. ROCKY, 5. BAILEY, 6. BUSTER, 7. CODY, 8. CHARLIE, 9. BEAR, 10. JACK. 1. MOLLY, 2. MAGGIE, 3. DAISY, 4. LUCY, 5. SADIE, 6. GINGER, 7. CHLOE, 8. BAILEY, 9. SOPHIE, 10.ZOE
- Naming Your Cat (.). 19 2012. 16 2010.
- Our Litters (.) ( 19 2011)
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- / . , . , . . .; . . . . . , . . . . . : «». , 1993. 216 . 1 350 . ISBN 5-02-030567-7
- . . . (Felis silvestris catus) // . 2009. № 12 ( 1 2).
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- ., . : , , . --, , 2007. ISBN 5-9567-0142-0
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