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London Underground
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10 1863

408

270 (260 )

11

3,04-3,4 [1]

1090

London Underground full map complete.svg

www.tfl.gov.uk/tube

́ ́ (. London Underground (), .   , , --, 1863 [2]. ́ , , . 1890 , [3]. the Underground («») Tube («»), . 2010 270 ,   253 (408 ). . 2008 1090 , 3 .

, . 1933 , , (London Passenger Transport Board). 1985 , London Underground (London Underground Limited)[4]. 2003 London Underground Limited (LUL) Transport for London (TfL), , [5].

  . [6]. . 2007 , , 10 . . , .

, , [7].

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10 1863 , 26 000 . [9]. -- 30 1864 , . , , 1865 , « ». 23 1865 . . ́ (Swiss Cottage), . , , . 1863 « » , , . 1869 .

24 1868 , « ». , «he District», 1864 . «he District» , , .

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( , « »). . - , . , [11].

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, Tube «»

, , , . , , , , . 10 , , , . , . , .

City and South London ( ) 1890 (Stockwell) 1900 (King William Street). [12]. 1900 : (Clapham Common) . --, 1898 [13]. - .
30 1900 ( ), Shepherds Bush[13]. , [14]. . --- (Baker Street and Waterloo Railway) 1898 , 18 , [15].

[]

(1908 .)

XX , , . , , . , , . , . , , , - (Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead), 1 1900 , . 1901 , «he District», « » (Metropolitan District Electric Traction Company) 15 1901 . , (Great Northern and Strand Railway Brompton and Piccadilly Circus Railway) 1901 , 1902 . GN&SR (Great Northern and Strand Railway) B&PCR (Brompton and Piccadilly Circus Railway) . 9 1902 MDET ( ) Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL). UERL 1855 1933 , London General Omnibus Company, «he Combine», 1930-.

, «he District» 1903 , « » . . 1904 , . 1910 - «he District» « ». , . , 1933 . 1905 , .

--- 1906 , 1907 . - . & , . Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton 1906 . , 200 (61 ) , . - . . 1907 - . - . . , . - (Golders Green), . ( ).
«he Combine», 1904 , , . - . , , . () . 1970-. (City and South London Railway) 1907 . .

1908 , , , . , ( ), ( ), , -, . , , ( 1908 «Other railways») -- . ,   «The Underground», - [16]. , 1913 , , , , [17].

, 1 1913 UREL : . , « » , . 1913 , , « » . .

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1915 , . Queens Park, 1817 , - , . , 29  . , . -, 1920 .

(1926 .)

- , . 1922-24 . 1924 , . Edgware, 1926 . (Clapham Common) . (Morden), , [18]. -, 1920-30 , [19].

« » 1925 , . . 1892 . (Stanmore), .

1933 , . . Cockfosters. (Manor House) (Turnpike Lane), , , . , [20]. 1933 UERL (Underground Electric Railways Company of London) , , , . , .

[] «London Transport»

1933 , «he Combine», « » (LPTB), , 1 1933 , . LPTB, , «London Transport» (LT).

, LT . «» . , LT , , , , , ( ), ( ). 1937 , , , . -- LT, 1937 , , , . LT , «New Works Programme, 19351940», . . 1930-40- , . (Loughton) , .

LT , . 1936 , LT . , . .

. 1940 , ( ), , . 177 500 . 200 000 . , , 22 000 , . . , ( 8 000 .), , . ( ) , . , [21]. .

, , LT . . (West Ruislip) 1948 , . 1949 . . . (Ongar) LT 1957 .

[]

, . .

1 1948 , London Transport - , (British Transport Commission), ( ). (London Transport Executive). «New Works Programme, 19351940» .

, , , , , . 1960 , . . , , 9 1961 , « » . 1971 [17]. 1963 , , , .

[]

1 1970 , «London Transport» . , , . 1980 , «Fares Fair», . , . -   , . , , (Transport (London) Act 1969). , «Fares Fair» , , 1982 , , . - «London Transport» 1984 , 1986 .

[]

, 1984 , «London Transport» LT (London Regional Transport), . , . , 1 1985 London Underground Limited , .

1987 , , :

« , London Underground Ltd , . 1985-86 ., 762 , , 1948 , 720 . , «Driver-only operation» ( , ). (Underground Ticketing System). 1986 . 1988 , 125 , [22]. »

1994 , , --, . (Epping Ongar) , , , .

1999 -. . - 1999 .

[] - -

. - - 18 1987 .

18 1987 , 19:30 , - - , 31 . «- -» , , . . - . , 1985 , (Oxford Circus) 1984 , - - , [23]. . 19:30 , , . 19:43 . , , , . . , , , . . 18 , . , - , . , , , , , . . , «» , , . . . , , 30 . . 7,5 : . , 800 °C, . , . 30° . , , , . 500600 °C , , .

, , , , 200 000 , 16 10 , 14 2[24]. , 18 . , .

[] -

2000 , Transport for London (TfL) . 2003 , - , («Metronet» «Tube Lines»), 30- . London Underground Limited Transport for London. , , , , , . , «Metronet», 18 2007 , - [25][26]. - , , «Metronet» 2 . , «Metronet» 70 000 000 , . , 2003 , . [27]. Transport for London «Metronet» . , Transport for London, TfL , «Metronet». TfL. Transport for London. , - , [28].

,   «Tube Lines», . «Tube Lines» - , , «Tubes Lines» [29]. 2009 , «Tube Lines» TfL £1,75  . Transport for London , £400 [30]. . 7 2010 , , Transport for London «Bechtel» «Amey plc» Tube Lines £310  «Metronet» , - , Transport for London[31][31].

- 2004 , - , , London Underground Ltd £180  , - , £275  [32].

23 2007 () . . 27 2010 Overground,   2012 .

[] Transport for London

Transport for London 2000 , , , 2003 London Underground Limited[17].

TfL , , [33]. : London Transport Insurance (Guernsey) Ltd., the TfL Pension Fund Trustee Co. Ltd. Transport Trading Ltd (TTL). TTL , London Underground Limited.

Transport for London . . Transport for London. , (Peter Hendy)[34].

, TfL. , . TfL Transport for London. 2000 «London TravelWatch», [35].

[]

[]

11 : . , --, , , , , , --, . 12 , 2007 , 2010 (London Overground)[36].

* (.)

Metropolitan Line
1863 1863 66,7 34
S
58 000

District Line
1858 1868 64 60 C69/C77
D78
188 000

Circle Line
1863 1884 27 36 C69/C77 74 000

Northern Line
1867 1890 58 50 1995 206 987
--**
Waterloo & City Line
1898 1898 2,5 2 1992 9 616

Central line
1856 1900 74 49 1992 199 000

Bakerloo line
1906 1906 23,2 25 1972 104 000

Piccadilly Line
- 1869 1906 71 53 1973 176 177

Victoria Line
1968 1968 21 16 2009 183 000

Jubilee line
1879 1979 36,2 27 1996 127 584
--
Hammersmith & City line
1858 1988 26,5 29 C69/C77 50 000
* , , , - .

** 1994 , ( )

270 . , : , --, . 25 ( ). 32 , (, , , , ) , : - , .

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, , , , 1938

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[]

XIX
1996

  , . . , . . , , . , . 1890 , .

1960 2009 . , , , ( Stock) , --, , , , 1995, . , , , : D. ,   S, . , , , .

London Underground Limited Alstom, Bombardier Siemens , «Evo» ( . evolution  ), , 1972, 1973, 1992. Siemens . , - , . , 11 % [37]. ( 30 ), , 17 % 30 % [38]. , , , , -- [39].

, . . « ». , . , , . , . 420 , « », 210 , 630 . , « » 630 , « » 0 [40].

[]

(Crossrail line) , , .

, , 2018 [41]. - (Chelsea-Hackney) 2, 1 2018 . , . - - - , , . .

: , , (Automatic train operation, . ), , [42]. , (Communications-Based Train Control . CBTC)  , , [43].

--[44] , , , 2012, [45]. , : Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile, Hutchison 3G O2[45].

, - , 47 °C 2006 , [46]. 20062007 . . , [47]. S, , , , -- [48].

. 14 2011 [49]. 2014 2016 [50].

, , ( )[51].

,[52][53] -, , [54][55], , . , -, [56]. , (Nine Elms) ( )[57]. - (West Ruislip) . , 40 (-[ru] ()) , 2021 . , , 2017 [58].


[]

  • , - (   Blake Hall, 1981 6 ). . #.
  • «» - Metropolitan Railway (« »), , «».
  • « , , ». , , , 40 . , , , 93 . 3 , , . 50 . « , 50 », «». , , .
  • : « , .» , . .
  • Aldwych «Tomb Raider III. Adventures of Lara Croft»

[] .

[]

  1. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/corporate/tfl-annual-report-2010-11-final-interactive.pdf
  2. Wolmar (2004), p. 18.
  3. Wolmar (2004), p. 135.
  4. History. Transport for London. 31 2007.
  5. Board members. Transport for London. 12 2011.
  6. Barboza, David. Expo Offers Shanghai a Turn in the Spotlight, The New York Times (29 April 2010). 31 2010.
  7. Tubes start air con trial. BBC (23 June 2009). 31 2011.
  8. Green (1987), pp. 3-4.
  9. Green (1987), p. 5.
  10. Clegg Gillian Chiswick Past.  London: Historical Publications, 1995.  P. 72.  ISBN 9780948667336
  11. Slocombe, Mike 23/24 Leinster Gardens, Paddington, London W2. London Landmarks. Urban75 (January 2007). 11 2008.
  12. Wolmar (2004), p. 4.
  13. 1 2 Rose (2005).
  14. Wolmar (2004), pp. 154155.
  15. Wolmar (2004), p. 168.
  16. London Underground Factsheet. Transport for London. 16 2010.
  17. 1 2 3 Milestones. Transport for London. 12 2011.
  18. Underground Journeys: Moving Underground. Royal Institute of British Architects. 20 2011.
  19. Underground Journeys: Integrated Design. Royal Institute of British Architects. 20 2011.
  20. Underground Journeys: Changing the face of London Underground. Royal Institute of British Architects. 20 2011.
  21. Conner J.E. Down Street // London's Disused Underground Stations.  London: Capital Transport, 1999.  P. 33.  ISBN 185414-250-X
  22. Green Oliver Illustrated History of the London Underground.  P. 66.
  23. Fennell 1988.  P. 111.
  24. Smolowe, Jill, Flamini, Roland. Britain Escalator to An Inferno, Time (30 November 1987).
  25. Metronet calls in administrators, BBC News (18 July 2007). 21 2007.
  26. PPP Administration. Metronet Rail. 5 2008.
  27. Template error: argument title is required.
  28. Wright, Robert. TfL to maintain control of former Metronet Tube lines (30 October 2009).
  29. Milmo, Dan. London Underground slams Tube Lines' plan for tube overhaul (29 September 2009).
  30. Mayor wants government Tube money, BBC News (7 December 2009). 10 2010.
  31. 1 2 Tube maintenance back 'in house' as new deal is signed, BBC News (8 May 2010). 10 2010.
  32. London Underground PPP: Were they good deals?. National Audit Office (17 June 2004).
  33. Company information. Transport for London. 11 2008.
  34. Chief Officers. Transport for London. 13 2008.
  35. About. London TravelWatch. 12 2011.
  36. East London Line officially opened by Boris Johnson, BBC News (27 April 2010). 27 2010.
  37. Waboso, David. Transforming the tube, Modern Railways, . 44.
  38. Siemens unveils London Underground concept train, Railway Gazette International (20 June 2011).
  39. Siemens reveals innovative air-con for deep Tube trains, Rail (29 June 2011), . 12.
  40. Train Blog: London Underground tidbits. 16 2009.
  41. Leftly, Mark. Crossrail delayed to save £1bn (29 August 2010).
  42. Subsurface network (SSL) upgrade. alwaystouchout.com (7 December 2006). 10 2007.
  43. Bombardier Transportation (14 June 2011). Bombardier to Deliver Major London Underground Signalling. -. 6 February 2012.
  44. London Underground to run mobile phone trial, TechRadar UK (15 March 2007). 12 2011.
  45. 1 2 Mobile coverage coming to London's Tube by the 2012 Olympics. ThinkBroadband (20 September 2010). 1 2010.
  46. Griffiths, Emma. Baking hot at Baker Street, BBC News (18 July 2006). 11 2008.
  47. Carry a bottle of water TfL poster. Flickr.
  48. Metropolitan Line air-conditioned Tube trains launched, BBC News (2 August 2010). 30 2010.
  49. Binnie, Adam. Croxley Rail Link plan approved by Government, The Watford Observer (13 December 2011). 6 2012.
  50. Best and final funding bid: Croxley Rail Link. Croxley Rail Link (September 2011). 15 2011.
  51. Boris Moots Bakerloo Line Extension. The Londonist (blog). 12 2011.
  52. Metropolitan to Barking. Tube Prune. 30 2008.
  53. Proposals for the Upgrade of the Sub-surface Lines. Tube Prune. 30 2008.
  54. Battersea Power Station: Northern Line extension. Battersea Power Station (May 2010). 11 2010.
  55. Transport 2025 Transport Vision for a Growing World. Transport for London (11 November 2006). 21 2008.
  56. [ru] (11 November 2010). Battersea Power Station scheme approved. -. 12 November 2010.
  57. Northern line extension. Transport for London (No date). 22 2012.
  58. Coombs, Dan. Extending Central line to Uxbridge will cut traffic, Uxbridge Gazette (17 June 2011). 15 2011.

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