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  1. Dvornik, Francis, The Slavs in European History and Civilization, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0813507995, Google Print, p.254
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199253390, Google Print, p.50
  3. W. H. Zawadzki, A Man of Honour: Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland, 1795-1831, Oxford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0198203039, Google Print, p.1
  4. 1 2 3 A concise history of Poland  Jerzy Lukowski, Hubert Zawadzki  Google
  5. 1 2 A history of Russia  Nicholas Valentine Riasanovsky  Google
  6. P. Magocsi, A history of Ukraine, Toronto University Press, 1996, Google Print, p. 149
  7. Diplomats without a country: Baltic   James T. McHugh, James S. Pacy  Google
  8. A union for empire: political   John Robertson  Google
  9. Federalism or Force: A Sixteenth-Century Project for Eastern and Central Europe
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 , « » ., ., . | | 2004 | 544
  11. Jerzy Czajewski, «Zbiegostwo ludności Rosji w granice Rzeczypospolitej» (Russian population exodus into the Rzeczpospolita), Promemoria journal, October 2004 nr. (5/15), ISSN 1509-9091 , Table of Content online, Polish language
  12. Heritage: Interactive Atlas: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, accessed on 4 October 2011: At it. apogee, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth comprised some :Convert/sqmi and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million. For population comparisons, see also those maps: [1], [2].
  13. , , Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 19181940, Palgrave, 1999, ISBN 0-312-22458-3. Print, p.78
  14. 2009-

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