GNU Free Documentation License . .

: ,
P vivax trophozoite4.jpg
, P.vivax
-10 B50.50.B51.51.B52.52. B53.53. B54.54.
-9 084084
OMIM 248310 248310
eMedicine med/1385  emerg/305emerg/305 ped/1357ped/1357 med/1385  emerg/305emerg/305 ped/1357ped/1357
MeSH C03.752.250.552 C03.752.250.552

( . mala aria  « »[1], « »)  , Anopheles (« ») , , ( ), ( ), . . Plasmodium (80-90 %   Plasmodium falciparum)

350500 1,3-3 [2]. 85-90 % [3], 5 .[4] , , 20 .[5]

[]

, 50 000 [6]. , (P. falciparum) (P. vivax). - , , , . Diptera, 150200 , . 30 . , Anopheles.

, , . 2700  . ., [7].

[]

1880 , , , . , .[8] 1907 . Plasmodium 1895  ( .) (. Ettore Marchiafava)  ( .) (. Angelo Celli)[9]. 1894 . . 1896 . , , . , , 1898 , , . , , . 1898 ( , ). , Anopheles , . 1902 . , , 1900 , . C. , .

[]

(Artemisia annua L), , 340 .  . .

, , . - , ,   ,   ; 1632 .[10]

, . , - . . , . - , (Loja) (),   [11], , ( « » Chucchuni chucchuhuanmi chucchum hapihuan chucchuymanchayani;   Hamppi, , 1608). , , , , , « ». , , , , .[12]

, X quinquina (  ). , . ­ .[13] ­ «», «» , - « ».

1640- , [14]. , , 1820 .[15]

XX , , , . , , . , . , , .[16]

[]

, , XIX  XX ., 80- .[17][18] , , , .

[]

, , . , . : , .

, , , , . , . .

: , XX , , .[19]

[]

  Plasmodium (). : P.vivax, P.ovale, P.malariae P.falciparum.[20] , -   Plasmodium knowlesi[21][22][23]. () ( ) , .

, () . , , , , 2000 40 000 . 1-6 . , P.vivax, 10 , , .

, P.falciparum P.malariae, . , , «» ( ) , ().

, , . , , -, .

[]

: , , ( ), , , , ( ) . , , P. falciparum. ( ), , . . .

.   ( « »). , ( ) . , , , . , , , , .

(RDT, Rapid Diagnostic Tests) ( , 5-15 ) ( , )[24]

[] ()

, , .

  •   P. falciparum. , . (91 % 2006 ).
  •   Plasmodium malariae. 72 .
  • -  , Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale. 40-48 .

, , [25].

[]

. . . , . .

, , , T-, B-, .

[]

, , . - , . , , , Plasmodium falciparum .

, , , . . , .

[26]. WHA60.18 ( 2007) , .

.
- Artemether-lumefantrine - +
Artesunate-amodiaquine + -
Atovaquone-proguanil + +
Quinine - +
Chloroquine + +
Cotrifazid + +
Doxycycline + +
Mefloquine + +
Proguanil - +
Primaquine + -
- Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + +

Artemisia annua ( ), , , . (2006) .[27] , G25 TE3, .[28][29]

, , , . « », , , 0,25  2,40 .[30]

[]

, , , , . , .

[]

, , . , , . , - . , , , . (, ) .

XVII . XX , (), , . Plasmodium falciparum, , , .

(®), - (, ®). . , 1-2 1-4 .

[]

. - , , , . , 2002 1 059 , 8 . , ,   .

. . , . , , , . 1960- , 1970-. . . () . , , , .[31]

[]

 

.   , , , , . , , .[5]

. : .   .

:

[]

.   . , . 2002 .[32][33]

[]

(., , [1]).

 Malaria vaccine (.)
, .

[]

1962 : « !»
1962 : « !»

. , , : , ( ), , , 5 , , V, , , , .

[34]:

  • 2,4 , 40 % .
  • 300 500 , , , 16 %. 90 % ,   70 % , , -, , .
  • 1,5 3 ( 15 , ).
  • ( ) .
  • 30 000 , , , 1 % .
  • 65 . , 3400 .

[] .

[]

  1. // : 86 (82 . 4 .).  ., 18901907.
  2. Campbell, Neil A. et al. «Biology» Seventh edition. Menlo Park, CA: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 2005
  3. Scott P. Layne, M.D. UCLA Department of Epidemiology, «Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology / EPI 220»
  4. Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA Malaria. 2005. . 365. . 1487-1498.
  5. 1 2 Hull, Kevin. (2006) «Malaria: Fever Wars». PBS Documentary
  6. Joy D, Feng X, Mu J, Furuya T, Chotivanich K, Krettli A, Ho M, Wang A, White N, Suh E, Beerli P, Su X Early origin and recent expansion of Plasmodium falciparum. // Science  2003300 (5617)  318-21
  7. Cox F (2002). «History of human parasitology.». Clin Microbiol Rev 15 (4): 595612.
  8. Biography of Alphonse Laveran Nobel foundation. Accessed 25 Oct 2006
  9. Ettore Marchiafava at http://www.whonamedit.com/ Accessed 6 Nov 2006
  10. Bernabé Cobo. Historia del Nuevo Mundo
  11. Peru. History of coca, «the divine plant» of the Incas; with an introductory account of the Incas, and of the Andean Indians of to-day (1901)
  12. http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/NERI-1.ART
  13. " Blog Archive "
  14. Kaufman T, Rúveda E (2005). «The quest for quinine: those who won the battles and those who won the war.». Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 44 (6): 854-85.
  15. Kyle R, Shampe M (1974). «Discoverers of quinine». JAMA 229 (4): 462.
  16. Raju T (2006). «Hot brains: manipulating body heat to save the brain.». Pediatrics 117 (2): e320-1. PMID 16452338.
  17. Krotoski W, Collins W, Bray R, Garnham P, Cogswell F, Gwadz R, Killick-Kendrick R, Wolf R, Sinden R, Koontz L, Stanfill P (1982)."Demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted Plasmodium vivax infection.". Am J Trop Med Hyg 31 (6): 1291-3. PMID 6816080.
  18. Meis J, Verhave J, Jap P, Sinden R, Meuwissen J (1983). «Malaria parasites--discovery of the early liver form.». Nature 302 (5907): 424-6. PMID 6339945.
  20. Mueller I, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC (June 2007). «Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovalethe "bashful" malaria parasites». Trends Parasitol. 23 (6): 27883. DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2007.04.009. PMID 17459775.
  21. Naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in [Emerg Infect Dis. 2004]  PubMed result
  22. GeneDB Plasmodium knowlesi
  23. Singh B, Kim Sung L, Matusop A, et al. (March 2004). «A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings». Lancet 363 (9414): 101724. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15836-4. PMID 15051281.
  24. http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/diagnosis.htm
  26. |
  27. «Malaria drug resistance warning», BBC News, 2005-06-06
  28. Malaria drug offers new hope. BBC News 2002-02-15.
  29. Salom-Roig, X. et al. (2005) Dual molecules as new antimalarials. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 8:49-62.
  30. Medicins Sans Frontieres, «What is the Cost and Who Will Pay?»
  31. WHO frequently asked questions on DDT use for disease vector control
  32. Imperial College, London, «Scientists create first transgenic malaria mosquito», 2000-06-22.
  33. Jacobs-Lorena et al, «Researchers genetically alter mosquitoes to impair malaria transmission», Case-Western, 2002.
  34. Malaria Site

[]

. .  . .  ( ; )

«/w/index.php?title=&oldid=44523086»