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  2. Keown, Damien (2003), A Dictionary of Buddhism: p. 38
  3. Nattier, Jan (2003), A few good men: the Bodhisattva path according to the Inquiry of Ugra: p. 172
  4. . - W. Rahula, Theravada  Mahayana Buddhism
  5. Williams, Paul. Buddhism. Vol. 3. The origins and nature of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Routledge. 2004. p. 50.
  6. , , jāa *jāna ([. , ) , buddha-yānā (« »), mahāyāna (« »), hīnayāna (« ») buddha-jñāna (« »), mahājñāna (« ») hīnajñāna (« »). Karashima, Seishi (2001). Some Features of the Language of the Saddharma-puḍarīka-sūtra, Indo-Iranian Journal 44: 207230
  7. Williams, Paul. Buddhism. Vol. 3. The origins and nature of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Routledge. 2004. p. 50
  8. Akira, Hirakawa (translated and edited by Paul Groner) (1993. A History of Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass: p. 260
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  10. e.g. Williams, Mahayana Buddhism
  11. « , , , , , , , , - , , .»  (.): «As scholars have moved away from this limited corpus, and have begun to explore a wider range of Mahayana sūtras, they have stumbled on, and have started to open up, a literature that is often stridently ascetic and heavily engaged in reinventing the forest ideal, an individualistic, antisocial, ascetic ideal that is encapsulated in the apparently resurrected image of wandering alone like a rhinoceros.» Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism (2004): p. 494
  12. « , , , , , . , , » (.) «One of the most frequent assertions about the Mahayana is that it was a lay-influenced, or even lay-inspired and dominated, movement that arose in response to the increasingly closed, cold, and scholastic character of monastic Buddhism. This, however, now appears to be wrong on all counts.» Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism (2004): p. 494
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  14. Williams, Paul (2008) Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations: p. 4-5
  15. Williams, Paul (2008) Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations: p. 5
  16. 1 2 «     , . II , , , Lokakṣema.» Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism (2004): . 492
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  29. 1 2 Williams, Paul (1989). Mahayana Buddhism: p.103
  30. «, , , », Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism (2004): p. 492
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  32. « , - , ,   , ». -Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism (2004): p. 492
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