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, 1919 (. Frederick Alexander Lindemann) , , , .[2]

1930- , , , . . 50- . , . (. Ludwig Franz Benedikt Biermann) , . , , , , .[3]

1955 . . , . . , . .  . .  [4], . .   « ». : , 56/1, . . , FeXIV , FeX, . , «» , , . . , , . 1955 . , « » .

(. Eugene N. Parker) , ,   , « ».[5][6] , , , , . , . , , , , : .[7]

. , 1958 Astrophysical Journal , .

1959 -1.[8] .[9] -2.[10]

, . (. Pneuman and Knopp) 1971 .[11]

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. Tp, 7·104 3,4·104 2,3·105
. Te, 1,4·105 1,3·105 1,0·105
Te / Tp 1,9 4,4 0,45

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  1. Kristian Birkeland, «Are the Solar Corpuscular Rays that penetrate the Earths Atmosphere Negative or Positive Rays?» in Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter, I Mat  Naturv. Klasse No.1, Christiania, 1916.
  2. Philosophical Magazine, Series 6, Vol. 38, No. 228, December, 1919, 674 (on the Solar Wind)
  3. Ludwig Biermann (1951). «Kometenschweife und solare Korpuskularstrahlung». Zeitschrift für Astrophysik 29: 274.
  4. .., .., .., .. (1955). « ». 32: 165.
  5. Christopher T. Russell THE SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California, Los Angeles. 22 2011. 7 2007.
  6. Roach, John. Astrophysicist Recognized for Discovery of Solar Wind, National Geographic News (August 27, 2003). 13 2006.
  7. Eugene Parker (1958). «Dynamics of the Interplanetary Gas and Magnetic Fields». The Astrophysical Journal 128: 664.
  8. Luna 1. NASA National Space Science Data Center. 22 2011. 4 2007.
  9.  (.) 40th Anniversary of the Space Era in the Nuclear Physics Scientific Research Institute of the Moscow State University, contains the graph showing particle detection by -1 at various altitudes.
  10. M. Neugebauer and C. W. Snyder (1962). «Solar Plasma Experiment». Science 138: 10951097.
  11. G. W. Pneuman and R. A. Kopp (1971). «Gas-magnetic field interactions in the solar corona». Solar Physics 18: 258.
  12. . ., . ., . ., . .  // . 2010. . 48. № 1. . 332.
  13. Cosmic Rays Hit Space Age High. (28  2009). 22 2011. 30 2009. (.)

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