́ ́ (. Solar wind) ( - ), 3001200 / . .
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, (. Kristian Birkeland) 1916 . « , , ». , .[1]
, 1919 (. Frederick Alexander Lindemann) , , , .[2]
1930- , , , . . 50- . , . (. Ludwig Franz Benedikt Biermann) , . , , , , .[3]
1955 . . , . . , . . . . [4], . . « ». : , 56/1, . . , FeXIV , FeX, . , «» , , . . , , . 1955 . , « » .
(. Eugene N. Parker) , , , « ».[5][6] , , , , . , . , , , , : .[7]
. , 1958 Astrophysical Journal , .
, . (. Pneuman and Knopp) 1971 .[11]
90- (. Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer (UVCS)) SOHO . , , , . , 4 , , , 1 , , .
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- . , (-); ( ) .
, , , (FIP-).
. ( 150 000 000 ) , ( ). , : ( 300500 / ) (500800 / ). , , .
| n, 3 | 8,8 | 11,9 | 3,9 |
| V, / | 468 | 327 | 702 |
| nV, 2·1 | 3,8·108 | 3,9·108 | 2,7·108 |
| . Tp, | 7·104 | 3,4·104 | 2,3·105 |
| . Te, | 1,4·105 | 1,3·105 | 1,0·105 |
| Te / Tp | 1,9 | 4,4 | 0,45 |
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«» ( ) : 2·106 , . : ; ; (13)·106 .
[]
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| . |
(), ( Sheath) ( Corotating interaction region - CIR). Sheath CIR . , ( , ). , , , . , , .
53%, 6%, CIR 10%, CME 22%, Sheath 9%, .[12].
[] ,
, . . , -, . 2009 , , 19 % .[13]
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- Kristian Birkeland, «Are the Solar Corpuscular Rays that penetrate the Earths Atmosphere Negative or Positive Rays?» in Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter, I Mat Naturv. Klasse No.1, Christiania, 1916.
- Philosophical Magazine, Series 6, Vol. 38, No. 228, December, 1919, 674 (on the Solar Wind)
- Ludwig Biermann (1951). «Kometenschweife und solare Korpuskularstrahlung». Zeitschrift für Astrophysik 29: 274.
- .., .., .., .. (1955). « ». 32: 165.
- Christopher T. Russell THE SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California, Los Angeles. 22 2011. 7 2007.
- Roach, John. Astrophysicist Recognized for Discovery of Solar Wind, National Geographic News (August 27, 2003). 13 2006.
- Eugene Parker (1958). «Dynamics of the Interplanetary Gas and Magnetic Fields». The Astrophysical Journal 128: 664.
- Luna 1. NASA National Space Science Data Center. 22 2011. 4 2007.
- (.) 40th Anniversary of the Space Era in the Nuclear Physics Scientific Research Institute of the Moscow State University, contains the graph showing particle detection by -1 at various altitudes.
- M. Neugebauer and C. W. Snyder (1962). «Solar Plasma Experiment». Science 138: 10951097.
- G. W. Pneuman and R. A. Kopp (1971). «Gas-magnetic field interactions in the solar corona». Solar Physics 18: 258.
- . ., . ., . ., . . // . 2010. . 48. № 1. . 332.
- Cosmic Rays Hit Space Age High. (28 2009). 22 2011. 30 2009. (.)
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- . . / . . .: , 1965
- . . // , 1996, No 12, . 87-94.
- . / . . .: , 1976
- , .4 .: .586, .587 .588
- . , .: , 1986
- ( . .. , .. ) / . . . , . . . 2- . .: -, 2008. . 1. 672 .; . 2. 560 .
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