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Melbourne
Melbourne montage six frame infobox jpg.jpg
31
: 37°4914 . . 144°5741 . . / 37.820556° . . 144.961389° . . (G) (O) ()37°4914 . . 144°5741 . . / 37.820556° . . 144.961389° . . (G) (O) ()
1835
  1847
8806 ²
3 806 092  (2007)
432 ./²
UTC+10, UTC+11
http://melbourne.vic.gov.au/  (.)
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́ (. Melbourne /ˈmɛlbə(r)n/, [ˈmælbən, -bn̩])  , , -. 3,8 ( 2007 )[1].   - .

, . « » , [2]. , , . 1956 , 2006   [2]. 1981 , 2006   G20, . 2011 The Economist [3].

1835 ( 47 )[4]. 1865 [5]. XX [6].

1901 , , 1927 , , [7].

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, -, , . , 40 000 [4]. 1803 , -, [8].

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1836 -, , 1837 , « ».   , - , , 2- , , , . 25 1847 [9].

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, 1891 , [11]: 16 , 133 . , 90- XIX , 1893 . , , . , XX .

1 1901 . 9 1901 . 1927 , - 1930 . XX .

- 1942 1944 . , . , 1956 . , . . 60- 70- XX . , . 70- , , , [12].

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1997 , . , , . 2006 , 2000 [13].

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- - , -, -, -, , , , , . , , 85 , .

[]

 , °C 45,6 46,4 41,7 34,9 28,7 22,4 23,1 26,5 31,4 36,9 40,9 43,7 46,4
, °C 25,9 25,8 23,9 20,3 16,7 14,0 13,4 15,0 17,2 19,7 21,9 24,2 19,8
, °C 20,1 20,2 18,6 15,6 12,7 10,5 9,7 10,9 12,6 14,6 16,6 18,6 15,0
, °C 14,3 14,6 13,2 10,8 8,6 6,9 6,0 6,7 8,0 9,5 11,2 12,9 10,2
, °C 5,5 4,5 2,8 1,5 1,1 2,2 2,8 2,1 0,5 0,1 2,5 4,4 2,8
, 47,7 47,4 50,4 57,1 55,7 49,1 47,6 50,2 58 66,4 60,1 59,3 649,2
, °C 22 21 21 20 19 18 16 16 17 18 20 21 19
: ,
 
 
48
 
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48
 
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50
 
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58
 
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10.7
 
 
56
 
16.7
8.6
 
 
49
 
14
6.9
 
 
48
 
13.4
6
 
 
50
 
14.9
6.6
 
 
59
 
17.2
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67
 
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°C
: Bureau of Meteorology[14]

ʸ[15] . , , , -. , , . « » [16].

, , , . 21 1869 , 2,8 °C[17]. . 10 1986 . . 10 2005 [18], 15 2006 25 2006[19]. .

, . . 40 °C. 46,4 °C 7 2009 .

, , [20]. 1891 , 305 . 1897 - -, - -. 1908 . 2 1918 , - , , . «», F3 . 13 1939 45,6 °C, , [21]. «׸ », , ( ). 1951 , [17]. 1972 , - [22]. 8 1983 . 16 1983 , XX . « ». 2004 2005. 9 2006 - [23]. 200 . 2008 [24].

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. 100 , (- ), (-), (), (), (), (), (-) ( ) (-). 2006 .

 156 457
 73 801
 57 926
   54 726
  52 453
52 279
 50 686
 - 30 594
 29 174
 27 568
 21 182
 18 951
 17 317
  17 287
 16 917
 16 439
 15 367
 14 645
 14 581
 14 124
:
, 2006[25]

. , , 233 , 180 116 [26]. , , - .

, , , , , . . 20 000 (0,6 % )[27].

. , . 50- XIX . 75 %, 25 40 [8]. , , , 1865 [5]. , .

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-, 1854 , , .

, , . 2001 , 151 785 [28]. 47 % [29]. « ».

, . , ,   , -  - ,   , ,   , ,   ,   -,   ,   ,   ,   ,   .

, , 34,8 % (   23,1 %). 4,7 % , (2,4 %), (1,9 %) (1,3 %).

[]


1836 177
1854 123 000
1880 280 000
1956 1 500 000
1981 2 806 000
1991 3 156 700
2001 3 366 542
2006 3 744 373
2011 3 872 918
2021 4 253 367
2031 4 591 846
:
[30]

2006 , 28,3 % (1 018 113) [31]. ,   20,0 % (717 717),   12,1 % (433,564),   5,9 % (212 887)   4, 0 % (143 552)[31]. , , , , 7,5 %. . , [32].

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, , 50 000 , 2003 . , - , . , [33][34]. , , , . , , 2028 [35].

, . . 1980- 1990- .

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. ,

1835 1,6  0,8 . (. Hoddle Grid), , . . , - -, [36]. , , , . , , , - , XX [37].

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, «-», « » XIX . . , .

, , 2002[38], 2004 2005 [39]. , , , , . 36- 2- [40].

, . , - , ( ) , [41]. 2006 - « »[42]. 2008 .

30 . , . ( 1989 [43]), .

, , , , -. : , , , , , . , , . , ́ .

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. AUD$ 75 . 39 % [44][45].

́ , , . , [46].

  . , , 60 000 , . AUD$ 19,8 , AUD$ 615 [47].

- . , « » , NAB ANZ, - . [48].   .

. 2004 4,6 1,88 - [49]. 2008 [50].

, , , ( ), ANZ, BHP Billiton, National Australia Bank, Rio Tinto Telstra[51]. .

34 50 , .

. 2006 - 5000 . AUD$ 1 .

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-
-, -

Metlink. XIX- , . 1950- [52]. , , , , 25 %, 1940- , 9 %[53]. 1999 [54].

,[55]. , . , . , .

17 . , , . . - [   275 ]. 1926 [56]. , . -.

300 , .

: 7,1 % [57], - [58]. 3,6  22 320 , [57].

. 2007 2 12 , [59]. . , .

Qantas JetStar

. , . , Jetstar Airlines Tiger Airwais Australia, Australian Air Express Toll Priority, Qantas Virgin Blue. Jetstar. -, AirAsia X.[60] , . , . , - , , , . , , , .[61]

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(1857),

, , (DEECD)[62]. , , : .

: (. primary school), (. secondary schools . secondary colleges) .

6 15 . , . 12 , . , , , , .

. 2006 [63]. , The Times Higher Education Supplement 22- , 38 . , [64].

, (1857), (1860), (1862), (1897), (1891). , , , .

1990 .

, , , , .

XVIII , 24 30 2011 . , [65].

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,

. . :

, 1956 2006 . 2003 ; 2001 , . 2007 , 2008 - .

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29 , 10 000 . 2000   , 56 000 . , .

2006 . [67].

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Herald Sun, , The Age, Fairfax, mX, . The Australian . . 50 % Fairfax, , , , .   Leader Newspapers  33 , .

: Seven, Nine Ten, : ABC, SBS C31. ( : 3MBS, Triple J, Fox FM, 3AW, SEN 1116), : DMG Radio Australia, Austereo Southern Cross Broadcasting.

[]

. 2004  7,6 1,88 - [68]. [69]. , , , . 2008 , , [70]

[]

-

[]



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-[71]:

, -.

[]

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