()
| Missouri | |
|---|---|
| 3767 | |
| 1 371 010 ² | |
| 2250 ³/ | |
| , . | |
| · | Centennial Mountains Brower's Spring |
| · | 2752 |
| · | |
| · | - |
| · | 123 |
| · | |
| 0,6979 / | |
| , , , , , , | |
|
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́ (. Missouri, : [mɨˈzɝi]) , [1]. 3767 [2] , - . -. 1 300 000 ² .
12 , 10 . XIX . XX . , 1830- 1850-, .
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- , . 2750 , . , , --, , -. -, - , . , , . , , , . , , - , [3].
, - (). 1,6 . -, , . , - -, . , , . , -, . .
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, -, . , , , , -, . -. , . , . -, , , , -. -, [3].
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1 371 000 ²[4], [5] 5 % [6]. , , . , . 45 %, 70 %.
1990 12 . , , , , , , , , , . ( ) 600 . , 4 2005 [7]. - : (), - (), - () - (). - . , , , , ().
440 000 ² , , , . 28 000 ² . 730 000 ² , . 113 000 ² . 34 000 ², , [8].
120 4352 .
, , . 200 250 . , - 1000 . , , . , 51 °C, 49°.
. , , . : , -, [9]. , - ( ) . , , . , , . , . - ( ). , - [10].
[]
95 [11]. , , , -, . , , . 26 000 ² 140 ³/. , , , 390 ³/[12] 2 [13].
| 2 | 2 | ³/ | ³/ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1061[14] | 1708 | 84 910[15] | 219 900 | 7037[13] | 199 | |
| 749[14][16] | 1205 | 59 500[15] | 154 000 | 7367[17] | 209 | |
| 729[16] | 1170 | 15 300[15] | 39 600 | 618[18] | 17,5 | |
| 710[16] | 1140 | 21 500[15] | 55 700 | 646[19] | 18,3 | |
| 702[20] | 1130 | 70 000[15] | 180 000 | 13 800[12] | 391 | |
| - | 580[16] | 933 | 10 200[21] | 26 420 | 570[21] | 16,1 |
| 568[16] | 914 | 13 900[15] | 36 000 | 1720[22] | 48,7 | |
| 560[16] | 900 | 9550[15] | 24 700 | 533[23] | 15,1 | |
| 493 | 793 | 14 800[15] | 38 300 | 11 980[24] | 339 | |
| - | 419[16] | 674 | 8030[15] | 20 800 | 1320[25] | 37,4 |
[]
, , , , , , - ( 2 )[26]. , , , , , , , -, , [26][27].
| [28][29][30][31][32][33] |
|
|---|---|
| ³/ | |
| - () | 292 |
| ( ) | 750 |
| - () | 812 |
| () | 912 |
| - () | 1570 |
| () | 1902 |
| () | 2478 |
, , , , . : , , . ; 10 [34]. 17 173,9 ³. . ; 3,8 ³ .
51 . (2115,5 ) 621 ³/ 483 000 ² (35 % )[35]. - (589,2 ) 1570 ³/ 1 254 000 ² ( 91 % )[28]. , (157,6 ), 1897 2010 2478 ³/ 1 353 000 ² (98,7 % ). 1993 5150 ³/; 2006 1181 ³/. . , 31 1993 21 000 ³/[36], 23 1963 17 ³/[37].
[]
- , 70-45 ( ). , , [38][39]. , [40][41][42]. , , .
, , . ( ) 35-29 [43]; , , [44]. 29-19 . [43][45]; , [46].
, , 3 : , - [47][48], , [49]. () - ; , .
, («Big Muddy»), [50]. 193290 [51]. 18-23 [52]. - . . , 32,9 . , , . , [52][53].
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, 10 000 12 000 , [54]. . ; . , , , , [55].
, , . , , ; . . , , : , , , , , , , , , , , [56].
. , . , . , . , , [57].
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1673 - . , , [58]. , , , , , , , .
1682 , , . , , , , 1714 , . , , , , [59]. , . «», , , , . .
- , 1754 . 1763 ; , , . [60]. 32 - 1795 , , . , [61].
, , 1803 ; . , [62]. 1804 ; 33 [63]. , , - . . , , . [64].
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XVIII . : , - , . , , [65]. 1806 . , , - . 1807 , . . , , .
, , , . 1809 , [66][67]. 1828 -, - [68].
, , , . . , .
30- XIX . , - . , . 1840- , . . , , [69].
[]
XIX , , -. , , , -. , 1869 -, [70]. 1830-1860- 500 . , . (), [71]. 1850- , « ».
80 % . , . , , , . , , . . 1868 [72].
, . , , - 1868 . 1876-77 , [73].
[]
XIX XX , 35 % . , - , , . 1890- , XX .
1890 1940 - () 5 , , . -, 1891 [74]. 1926 . , 1913 27 [75]. , , Montana Power Company, - . , -, 1898 . 1907 , 1908 - , . , -[76]. 1910 [77][78].
| () | , () |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | 10 | ||||
| -[79] | 69 | - | 50 | ||
| [77] | 24 | 19 | |||
| 38 | 48 | ||||
| - | 4 | - | 21 | ||
| [80] | 8,8 | 36 | |||
| [81] | 18 | 64 | |||
| [75] | 19 | 60 | |||
| [82] | 18 | 48 | |||
| -[83] | 76 | - | 185 | ||
| [84] | . | 64 | 515 | ||
| [85] | . | 75 | 786 | ||
| -[86] | . | 29 | 493 | ||
| -[87] | . | 50 | - | 320 | |
| -[88] | . |
23 | 132 | ||
1918 72 ; « » (Gates of the Mountains). 1949 - -. 1954 - 1898 , 2,4 [79]. 1940 - , . 50 . [89]. , - , .
1944 (Flood Control Act), . 1950- 5 : , , -, - -, -[90].
[]
, . Independence, - () 1819 [91]. 1830- - -, . , Western Engineer Yellowstone [92]. ,
50- XIX 1858 , 130 [93]. , . , , . - , , . 300 ; - [93]. . , 1890- . , XX .
XX . . . , , 1960- . 1977 3 , 2000 1,18 [94], 2006 180 000 [95]. XXI ( ). - , - [96].
[]
, . , , . - , [97]. 300 150 [98], , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , [99].
: , . , , , . , , . , , , . [100]. , . , . 13 [101].
[]
, XIX . . . , , , , , , . [102].
, [103]. XXI , [104]. . , , [103]. 2001 , 87 000 (350 ²) , [105].
[]
- Missouri River Environmental Assessment Program
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- The Missouri River Story. Columbia Environmental Research Center. U.S. Geological Survey. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Missouri River. Columbia Environmental Research Center. U.S. Geological Survey (8 2009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- North America. Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Crane, Gabe. Wyoming Metropolis?, Next American City. 2 2012.
- DeFranco, Anthony. No More Floods! Build The Missouri River Development Project, New Federalist American Almanac, 21st Century Science and Technology (27 1994). 2 2012.
- Gonzalez, Mark A. Continental Divides in North Dakota and North America. North Dakota Geological Survey Newsletter. The National Atlas (2003). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Watersheds (map). Commission for Environmental Cooperation (2006). 27 2008. 12 2008.
- Stone, Clifton Missouri River. The Natural Source. Northern State University. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 Yellowstone River at Sidney, Montana. River Discharge Database. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (1965-1984). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 USGS Gage #06805500 on the Platte River at Louisville, NE. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19532009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 Kammerer, J.C. Largest Rivers in the United States. U.S. Geological Survey ( 1990). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units. U.S. Geological Survey. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The National Map. U.S. Geological Survey. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06892350 on the Kansas River at DeSoto, KS. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19172010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06174500 on the Milk River at Nashua, MT. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19402010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06478500 on the James River near Scotland, SD. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19282009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Miller, Kirk A. Surface Water. Environmental Setting of the Yellowstone River Basin, Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey (1999). 20 2012. 2 2012.
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- USGS Gage #06465500 on the Niobrara River near Verdel, NE. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19282009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06337000 on the Little Missouri River near Watford City, ND. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19352009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06926510 on the Osage River below St. Thomas, MO. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19962009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06485500 on the Big Sioux River at Akron, IA. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19292009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 Kammerer, J.C. Largest Rivers in the United States. U.S. Geological Survey ( 1990). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Rivers. The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada (25 2010). 18 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 USGS Gage #06893000 on the Missouri River at Kansas City, MO. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19582010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Missouri River at Great Falls, Montana. River Discharge Database. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of WisconsinMadison. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06440000 on the Missouri River at Pierre, SD. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19341965). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06486000 on the Missouri River at Sioux City, IA. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19532009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06610000 on the Missouri River at Omaha, NE. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19532009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06909000 on the Missouri River at Boonville, MO. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19582009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Schneiders, Robert Kelley. The Great Missouri River Flood of 2011, Bismarck Tribune (5 2011). 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06342500 on the Missouri River at Bismarck, ND. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (19542010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #07010000 on the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri: Peak Streamflow. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (18442009). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- USGS Gage #06934500 on the Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri: Water-Data Report 2009. National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey (18972009). 20 2012. 24 2010.
- Cretaceous Paleogeography, Southwestern US. Northern Arizona University. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Nicholls, Elizabeth L.. Paleobiogeography of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: the vertebrate evidence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary (18 1989). 2 2012.
- King, P. B., pp. 130131
- Baldridge, pp. 190204
- Roberts and Hodsdon, pp. 113116
- 1 2 Chapin, Charles E.. Interplay of oceanographic and paleoclimate events with tectonism during middle to late Miocene sedimentation across the southwestern USA, 'Geosphere (2008), 4(6):976. 20 2011.
- Denson, N.M.; Gill, J.R.; Roberts, A.E. White River Formation. Mineral Resources On-Line Spatial Data. U.S. Geological Survey. 20 2012. 12 2011.
- McMillan, Margaret E.. Postdepositional tilt of the Miocene-Pliocene Ogallala Group on the western Great Plains: Evidence of late Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains, 'Geology (2002), 30(1):63. 20 2012.
- King, P. B., pp. 128130
- Moak, William Pleistocene Glaciation and Diversion of the Missouri River in Northern Montana. Department of Geography and Geology. University of Nebraska, Omaha. 20 2012. 1 2010.
- Missouri River. Northern State University. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Thornbury, 1965, pp. 248249, 295296
- Benke and Cushing, pp. 432434
- Missouri River Sediment. Missouri River Recovery Plan Fact Sheet, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Missouri River Stream Team Website. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- 1 2 Missouri River Planning: Recognizing and Incorporating Sediment Management (2010). Division on Earth and Life Studies. The National Academies. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Schliefstein, Mark. Missouri River helped build Louisiana coast, but it won't help restore it, New Orleans Net (29 2010). 6 2012.
- Wedel Waldo Rudolph Prehistoric man on the Great Plains. University of Oklahoma Press, 1961.
- Days of Giants and Ice. U.S. National Park Service. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Benke and Cushing, p. 432
- Knife River Indian Villages NHS. U.S. National Park Service. 29 2010. 5 2010.
- Aug. 14, 1673: Passing the Missouri. Historic Diaries: Marquette and Joliet. Wisconsin Historical Society. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Bourgmonts Expedition, Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc..
- The Mackay and Evans Map. Lewis and Clark in the Illinois Country. Illinois State Museum. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Witte, Kevin C. In the Footsteps of the Third Spanish Expedition: James Mackay and John T. Evans' Impact on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Great Plains Studies, Center for Great Plains Quarterly'. University of Nebraska Lincoln (2006). 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Jefferson's Instructions for Meriwether Lewis. U.S. Library of Congress. 20 2012. 30 2006.
- The Journey Begins. Lewis & Clark Interactive Journey Log. National Geographic. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Introduction. Lewis and Clark Expedition: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary. U.S. National Park Service. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Manuel Lisa's Fort Raymond: First Post in the Far West. Discovering Lewis and Clark. The Lewis and Clark Fort Mandan Foundation. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- South Dakota State Historical Society & South Dakota Department of History pp. 320325
- Early Exploration and the Fur Trade. U.S. National Park Service. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site. Lewis & Clark Expedition. U.S. National Park Service. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Sunder, pp. 1215
- Bridge to the Future. Kansas City Public Library (9 2009). 20 2012. 6 2012.
- The Great Platte River Road. Nebraska State Historical Society (30 1998). 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Red Cloud's War (United States history), Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 2012.
- Greene, pp. xvxxvi
- Montana: A State Guide Book, p. 150
- 1 2 Ryan Dam. Producing Power. PPL Montana. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Mulvaney, p. 39
- 1 2 Hauser Dam. Producing Power. PPL Montana. 20 2012. 2 2010.
- Kline, Larry Original Hauser Dam fell to mighty Missouri. Helena Independent Record (15 2008). 20 2012. 6 2012.
- 1 2 Canyon Ferry Dam. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (10 2010). 20 2012. 7 2011.
- Rainbow Dam. Producing Power. PPL Montana. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Cochrane Dam. Producing Power. PPL Montana. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Morony Dam. Producing Power. PPL Montana. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Fort Peck Dam/Fort Peck Lake. Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 20 2012. 6 2012.
- Wilson, Ron Garrison Dam: A Half-Century Later. ND Outdoors. North Dakota Game and Fish Department ( 2003).( ) 6 2012.
- Final Oahe Dam/Lake Oahe Master Plan: Missouri River, South Dakota and North Dakota. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ( 2010). 20 2012. 17 2012.
- Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe. Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 20 2012. 12 2012.
- Fort Randall Dam/Lake Francis Case. Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 20 2012. 13 2012.
- Gavins Point Dam/Lewis & Clark Lake. Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 20 2012. 12 2012.
- Johnson, Marc. Dam Politics: Could a Project Like Fort Peck Get Built Today?, New West Politics (20 2011). 16 2012.
- Reuss, Martin The Pick-Sloan Plan. Engineer Pamphlets. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.( ) 5 2010.
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- Carlson, Gayle F.; Bozell, John R.; Pepperi, Robert The Search For Engineer Cantonment. Explore Nebraska Archaeology. Nebraska State Historical Society (2004). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- 1 2 Dyer, p. 2
- Baumel, C. Phillip Past and Future Grain Traffic on the Missouri River. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy ( 2003). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- The Missouri River: A view from upstream, Prairie Fire ( 2007). 2 2012.
- Jorgensen, Nancy Let the river roll: MODOT studies ways to increase waterway freight. MFA Incorporated. 25 2011. 7 2010.
- Benke and Cushing, p. 436
- The Missouri River System's "Other" Fish. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (3 2006). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Dan Limbaugh, Larry E. Kinder Flyfisher's Guide to Missouri & Arkansas. Wilderness Adventures Press, 2005. 432 .
- Middle Missouri. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (26 2010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
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- Booth, Mary Dead in the Water. Environmental Working Group ( 2006). 20 2012. 2 2012.
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- Executive Summary. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Opinion on the Operation of the Missouri River Main Stem Reservoir System, Operation and Maintenance of the Missouri River Bank Stabilization and Navigation Project, and Operation of the Kansas River Reservoir System. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Missouri River tops annual rating of threatened waterways, U.S. Water News. 2 2012.
- Missouri River Planning Report. National Research Council (2010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
- Missouri River Planning Report in Brief. Division on Earth & Life Studies. National Research Council (2010). 20 2012. 2 2012.
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- Baldridge W. Scott Geology of the American Southwest: a journey through two billion years of plate-tectonic history. Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-52101-666-5
- Rivers of North America. Academic Press, 2005. ISBN 0-12088-253-1
- Demoth I. MacDonald The History of Pettis County, Missouri. 1882.
- Greene Jerome A. Battles and Skirmishes of the Great Sioux War, 18761877: The Military View. University of Oklahoma Press, 2003. ISBN 0-80612-669-8
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- Mulvaney Tom Helena. Arcadia Publishing, 2008. ISBN 0-73855-977-6
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- Sunder John E. The Fur Trade on the Upper Missouri, 18401865. University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. ISBN 0-80612-566-7
- Thornbury W. Regional geomorphology of the United States. John Wiley and Sons, 1965. ISBN 0-47186-200-2
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