OSI
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OSI (. open systems interconnection basic reference model , . ; 1978 .) . . . .
TCP/IP, OSI .
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[] OSI
| OSI | ||
|---|---|---|
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(layer) | |
| 7. (application) | ||
| 6. (presentation) | ||
| 5. (session) | ||
| 4. (transport) | ||
| 3. (network) | ||
| 2. (data link) | ||
| 1. (physical) | , | |
OSI 7- , , . OSI 1- , , :
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OSI , / . , . OSI , .
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7- OSI "All people seem to need data processing", . : " , ", .
[]
( ; . application layer) , :
- :
- ,
- ;
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: RDP, HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, POP3, FTP, XMPP, OSCAR, Modbus, SIP, TELNET.
[]
( ; . presentation layer) / . , , , . / / , , .
. . . , , . .
, , . , 6 .
, , , . EBCDIC, , IBM, ASCII ( ). , , .
, , , , . , , , . , , .
. PICT , QuickDraw .
TIFF, . , , , (Joint Photographic Expert Group); JPEG.
, . (. Musical Instrument Digital Interface, MIDI) , MPEG, -, 1,5 /, QuickTime , , Macintosh PowerPC.
: AFP Apple Filing Protocol, ICA Independent Computing Architecture, LPP Lightweight Presentation Protocol, NCP NetWare Core Protocol, NDR Network Data Representation, XDR eXternal Data Representation, X.25 PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler Protocol.
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(. session layer) , . / , , , .
: ADSP (AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol), ASP (AppleTalk Session Protocol), H.245 (Call Control Protocol for Multimedia Communication), ISO-SP (OSI Session Layer Protocol (X.225, ISO 8327)), iSNS (Internet Storage Name Service), L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol), L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol), NetBIOS (Network Basic Input Output System), PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), RPC (Remote Procedure Call Protocol), RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol), SMPP (Short Message Peer-to-Peer), SCP (Secure Copy Protocol), ZIP (Zone Information Protocol), SDP (Sockets Direct Protocol)..
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(. transport layer) . . , , (, ), , , , . , UDP , , , ; TCP , , , .
: ATP (AppleTalk Transaction Protocol), CUDP (Cyclic UDP), DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol), FCP (Fiber Channel Protocol), IL (IL Protocol), NBF (NetBIOS Frames protocol), NCP (NetWare Core Protocol), SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol), SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange), SST (Structured Stream Transport), TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
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(. network layer) . , , , «» .
: IP/IPv4/IPv6 (Internet Protocol), IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange, ), X.25 ( 2), CLNP ( ), IPsec (Internet Protocol Security), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol), RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First).
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(. data link layer) , . , , , ( ) . , .
IEEE 802 : MAC (. media access control) , LLC (. logical link control) .
: ARCnet, ATM, Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Controller Area Network (CAN), Econet, Ethernet, Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS), Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Frame Relay, High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), IEEE 802.2 (provides LLC functions to IEEE 802 MAC layers), Link Access Procedures, D channel (LAPD), IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, LocalTalk, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE), Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP, obsolete), StarLan, Spanning tree protocol, Token ring, Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD), x.25.
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(. physical layer) , . , , . , .
, . . , . , , , . . , , : V.35, RS-232, RS-485, RJ-11, RJ-45, AUI BNC.
: IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth), IRDA, EIA RS-232, EIA-422, EIA-423, RS-449, RS-485, DSL, ISDN, SONET/SDH, 802.11 Wi-Fi, Etherloop, GSM Um radio interface, ITU ITU-T, TransferJet, ARINC 818, G.hn/G.9960.
[] OSI
( TCP/IP), , OSI.
[] TCP/IP
TCP/IP : TCP, OSI, ; UDP, , , ; SCTP, TCP, . ( TCP/IP , ICMP, ; ).
[] IPX/SPX
IPX/SPX ( ) IPX, ( ). SPX, , IPX OSI.
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90- OSI . , «UNIX. » (. Evi Nemeth) :
ISO , TCP/IP.
, ISO , :
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, OSI , .
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- . . Ethernet. .: BHV, 2007. ISBN 978-5-9775-0007-4.
- . 4- . .: , 2005. ISBN 5-8459-0787-X.
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- / 7498-1-99 « . »
