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IUCN Data Deficient : / 15106 |
[1] (. Odobenus rosmarus) , (Odobenidae), (. Pinnipedia). , [2]. , .
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[3]:
- (Odobenus rosmarus divirgens Linnaeus, 1785)
- (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus Islliger, 1815)
(Odobenus rosmarus laptevi Chapsky, 1940). , . .
- , 4, 5 1000 ; , 6 7 1500 , 60 80 . , , , , .
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, 1990 , 200 . .[4][5] , , , . , , . . , , .[2] 28 . -, .[6]
, . , , , 20 . .[7][8] , , , . , , .[9] . 2006 - (. Canadian Species at Risk Act) (, -, , ) .[10]
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XVIII- XIX- . , , , .[13] , , , , , . .[14] . .[15] . . , . . , . . , - ,[16] .
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- . . . . , , , , . / . . . . .: . ., 1984. . 110. 10 000 .
- 1 2 Fay, F.H. (1985). «Odobenus rosmarus». Mammalian Species 238: 17.
- ()
- Gilbert, J.R., G.A. Fedoseev, D. Seagars, E. Razlivalov, and A. LaChugin (1992). «Aerial census of Pacific walrus, 1990». USFWS R7/MMM Technical Report 92-1: 33 pp.
- US Fish and Wildlife Service (2002), Stock Assessment Report: Pacific Walrus - Alaska Stock, <http://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/walrus/pdf/Final_%20Pacific_Walrus_SAR.pdf>
- Dyke, A.S., J. Hooper, C.R. Harington, and J.M. Savelle (1999). «The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada». Arctic 52: 160181.
- [NAMMCO] North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission. 1995. Report of the third meeting of the Scientific Committee. In: NAMMCO Annual Report 1995, NAMMCO, Tromsø, pp. 71-127.
- North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission, Status of Marine Mammals of the North Atlantic: The Atlantic Walrus, <http://www.nammco.no/webcronize/images/Nammco/654.pdf>
- Born, E. W., Andersen, L. W., Gjertz, I. and Wiig, Ø (2001). «A review of the genetic relationships of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) east and west of Greenland». Polar Biology 24: 713718.
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Atlantic Walrus: Northwest Atlantic Population.( ) 9 2007.
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation protected species list. 4 2007.
- Fay, F. H. Ecology and Biology of the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Washington, DC.: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1982. 279 p.
- Bockstoce, J.R. and D.B. Botkin (1982). «The Harvest of Pacific Walruses by the Pelagic Whaling Industry, 1848 to 1914». Arctic and Alpine Research 14 (3): 183188.
- Chivers, C.J. A Big Game. New York Times Online (25 2002).
- US Fish and Wildlife Service (2007), Hunting and Use of Walrus by Alaska Natives, <http://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/mtrp/pdf/factsheet_walrus.pdf>
- Eleanor, E.W., M.M.R. Freeman, and J.C. Makus (1996). «Use and preference for Traditional Foods among Belcher Island Inuit». Artic 49 (3): 256264.
- Garlich-Miller, J.G. and D.M. Burn (1997). «Estimating the harvest of Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens, in Alaska» 97 (4): 10431046.
- Witting, L. and Born, E. W. (2005). «An assessment of Greenland walrus populations». ICES Journal of Marine Science 62 (2): 266284.
- Kaufman, M. Warming Arctic Is Taking a Toll, Peril to Walrus Young Seen as Result of Melting Ice Shelf, Washington Post (15 2006), . A7.
- IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (20 December 2008). 19 2011.
- (21 2008).
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- http://72afisha.ru/author/7.html
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