| , (1973 ). 1977 , . | ||
| -10 | B 03. | |
| -9 | 050 | |
| DiseasesDB | 12219 | |
| MedlinePlus | 001356 | |
| eMedicine | emerg/885 | |
| MeSH | D012899 | |
́ ́ (. Variola, Variola vera) , , , . Ÿ : Variola major ( 2040 %, 90 %) Variola minor ( 13 %), Poxviridae, Chordopoxviridae, Orthopoxvirus. , , , .
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. (, 3730 3710 . . .), ( , 3000 . . .). ; , , - , , , . , , . , « ». , .[1]
, (, . IX, 9-10), , , : « , ». . . , . II . . , 60 . . . VI . , I. , , VII , , , , VIII, .[2]
VI . variola, 570 . . . , , . , . , ( 846 .), . . , , , , . , . , . , , , , , . . , , , . , , ; : «Von Pocken und Liebe bleiben nur Wenige frei» ( )[3]. XVIII , - , : « ». : , , , .
[]
, . : VIII , X . , , . , , .[2]
8 845 , 17 , 2 % .[4] 10 20 , . , ( 1758 .), , . (.) XVIII , 40 25000 , [2]. 1762 ., 1840 .[5] , , , 1862 . , , 363 , 9 12 .[2]
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XVIII , , . , , . , , . , . , XVIII , , ( , )[6].
1765 . (Fewster) , , , . , , . , 1774 . , 1791 .[7] , , 30 , 2 (14) 1796 . . , , . , . 1 , , , [8].
: «An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, a Disease Discovered in Some of the Western Counties of England, Particularly in Gloucestershire And Known by the Name of Cow-pox» ( variolae vaccinae, , , , , ., 1798) (.). , , [8].
, , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ?(.)THE DEVIATION of man from the state in which he was originally placed by nature seems to have proved to him a prolific source of diseases. From the love of splendour, from the indulgences of luxury, and from his fondness for amusement he has familiarised himself with a great number of animals, which may not originally have been intended for his associates... The cow, the hog, the sheep, and the horse, are all, for a variety of purposes, brought under his care and dominion...May it not then be reasonably conjectured that the source of the smallpox is morbid matter of a peculiar kind, generated by a disease in the horse, and that accidental circumstances may have again and again arisen, still working new changes upon it until it has acquired the contagious and malignant form under which we now commonly see it making its devastations amongst us?
. (.)
1800 . . , . 1803 . , , , , . , 22 , 3 9 , . « ». , , (.)[6].
, ( 1807 .) ( , , , ). ( ) ( ), . , , . , , . , , . . ( 60 . XIX .) , , , , . ( )[8]. XX . . , , , , [5].
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, , , , , , , , (, , , , , .). 1653 , ( ) , «» () . 1680 , . // : 86 (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.
XVII , 1610 ., ( ), 1788 . , ⅓, ½ ¾ . , , , II 18 1730 ., 15- . , ( 1768 .) , 2.000.000 (?!), , .[9]. . , « » ., 1906 .
14- II 1730 . , , , , 1727 . , III, .[4]
() . II , , Ը. , , , . , . 12- , -, .
XVIII 7- . XVIII ., , . , , , :
. , , 80 , . . , . .
, , . -, , , , (1783 .), (1772 .). . // : 86 (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907. II .
, 1801 . . . . , ( , ). . , , . , , . 1814 . , I.[2]
1802 . - , , , , ; -., , , , , , . . , . 1815 , , , . , 1824 ., . , , , . , . // : 86 (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907. , , . XIX ., : « , , 1, 12 . - ; , , 5 . , , , .»[2]
1919 . 1924 . . 1919 186 000 , 1925 25 000, 1929 6094, 1935 3177; 1936 .[11]
[] 19591960
. . , « »
, , 19 (7 , 9 3 , ). 23 . 3 46 [5].
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, . XX 300500 .[12][13][14] 1960- 10-15 . 1967 . .
1977 . 1978 . . 1980 . , , 1979 .[15]
1967 1979 298 ( 1,2 2010 ), 29 . 200 , , 98 .[16]
[] XXI
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, , , , , , .
Poxviridae, Chordopoxviridae, Orthopoxvirus; , 200350 , . , , . , . , , , , .
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812 .
, , , , , , , . .
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4- , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , . .
89- , ( , , , ). 12 . .
, .
(Variola confluens), - (Variola haemorrhagica pustulesa) ( « ») (Purpura variolosae), .. .
(Varioloid). (1517 ), ; , , , 2 . (Variola sine exanthemate) (Variola afebris).
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( 0,6 2 56 ), 36 . . ( , , ). , , , .
XIX . . , , . , .[17] , .
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(17541763) . (17751783).[18] 2- , .[19] , - . 1947 , 75 - .[20]
[]
. 2014 .[21].
[]
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- . ., . . . .: , 1985.
[] .
[]
- «».
| ? |
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- " " +. . : . ISBN 5-94623-126-X, . 1996
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 . . - « . », ., . . . , 1891
- // : 86 (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.
- 1 2 . . - . «», . 25, ., . . , 1841.
- 1 2 3
- 1 2 (.)
- 1 2 , ., 1896.
- 1 2 3 // : 86 (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.
- . . « : », . 10 - 5 «»
- Koplow, David A. Smallpox: the fight to eradicate a global scourge. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. ISBN 0-520-24220-3
- UC Davis Magazine, Summer 2006: Epidemics on the Horizon. 3 2008.
- How Poxviruses Such As Smallpox Evade The Immune System, ScienceDaily, February 1, 2008
- BBC History Silent Weapon: Smallpox and Biological Warfare. 25 2011. 2 2008.
- USAMRIIDs Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook. 25 2011. 2 2008.
- Alibek K., Handelman S. Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapon.
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