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Newah Bhaye |
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1 . |
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| 7.7597: |
478 |
| ISO 639-1: | |
| ISO 639-2: |
new |
| ISO 639-3: |
new |
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́ (, -, : Newah Bhaye, /newa bhæ:/) ( ). , . ( ). . 850 . ., 825 . . (2001, ), . 14 . . (2007, ).
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-
p pʰ b bʱ t tʰ d dʱ č čʰ ǧ ǧʱ k kʰ ɡ ɡʱ
s ɦ
m mʱ n nʱ
l lʱ (r rʱ)
w y
(p ph b bh) ( - ), m, n, l, r. s ɦ.
.
[]
, ( ). (), (-sãː, -sɔ͂ː, -syãː), (-ya), (-(ya)tɔ), (-ke), (-e), - (nɔ). . . , , , . . .
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« + + ».
, , .
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, , .
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[]
(, ), XI , . . XX . , . 1114 . XVIII .
| Orthography | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman | a | aa | i | ii | u | uu | e | ai | o | au | am | aha | ru | Ru | lru | lRuu |
| IPA | /ə/ | /ɑː/ | /i/ | /iː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | /eː/ | /əi/ | /oː/ | /əu/ | /əⁿ/ | /əʰ/ | /ru/ | /ruː/ | /lru/ | /lruː/ |
, , , .
| k /k/ |
kh /kʰ/ |
g /ɡ/ |
gh /ɡʱ/ |
ng /ŋ/ |
| ch /cɕ/ or /ts/ |
chh /cɕʰ/ |
j or z /ɟʝ/ or /dz/ |
jh or zh /ɟʝʱ/ or /dzʱ/ |
ny /ɲ/ |
| t /ʈ/ |
th /ʈʰ/ |
d /ɖ/ |
dh /ɖʱ/ |
n /ɳ/ |
| t /t̪/ |
th /t̪ʰ/ |
d /d̪/ |
dh /d̪ʱ/ |
n /n̪/ |
| p /p/ |
ph or f /pʰ/ or /f/ |
b /b/ |
bh /bʱ/ |
m /m/ |
| y /j/ |
r /ɾ/ |
l /l/ |
v or w /v/ or /w/ |
|
| s /ɕ/ |
sh /ʃ/ |
s /s/ |
h /h/ |
|
| ksh /kʃ/ |
tr /t̪ɾ/ |
gny /ɡɲ/ |
[]
- . . . .: (), 1989. 130, [2] . ( ).
- Genetti, Carol. A Grammar of Dolakha Newar. Berlin: GmbH & Co., 2007.
- Hale, Austin; Shrestha, Kedār P. Newār (Nepāl bhāsā) / Languages of the World/Materials, 256. Muenchen: Lincom Europa, 2006.
- Hargreaves D. Kathmandu Newar (Nepāl Bhāśā) // Thurgood G., LaPolla R.J. (eds.) Sino-Tibetan Languages. L., NY.: Routledge, 2003.
- Kölver U.; Shresthacarya I. A Dictionary of Contemporary Newari. Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag, 1994.
- Manandhar T. L. Newari-English Dictionary: Modern language of Kathmandu valley. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1986.
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. , . |
