Îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð
Îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð (íåì. Obergruppenführer) â çâàíèå â ÑÑ è ÑÀ. Ôàêòè÷åñêè (óñëîâíî) ñîîòâåòñòâóåò çâàíèþ ãåíåðàëà âîéñê (General der) â âåðìàõòå.
Ââåäåíî â íîÿáðå 1926 ãîäà, ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî â â êà÷åñòâå âûñøåãî çâàíèÿ â ñòðóêòóðå îðãàíèçàöèè ÑÑ. Ïåðâûì çâàíèå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåðà ïîëó÷èë Éîçåô Áåðõòîëüä.  ïåðèîä ñ 1926 ãîäà ïî 1936 ãîä èñïîëüçîâàëîñü â êà÷åñòâå çâàíèÿ âûñøèõ ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ÑÑ.
 ÑÀ äàííîå çâàíèå íîñèëè ðóêîâîäèëè «îáåðãðóïï» (îòñþäà è íàçâàíèå) â êðóïíåéøèõ ñîåäèíåíèé, ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè ïðèáëèæàâøèõñÿ ê «ãðóïïàì àðìèé» â âîåííîå âðåìÿ.  êàæäóþ «îáåðãðóïïó» âõîäèëî íåñêîëüêî «ãðóïï» (ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè ïðèáëèæàâøèõñÿ ê àðìèÿì). Ïåðâûìè äàííîå çâàíèå â ÑÀ ïîëó÷èëè Àäîëüô Õþíëÿéí, Ýäìóíä Õàéíåñ (çàìåñòèòåëü Ý. иìà), Ôðèö ôîí Êðàóññåð, Êàðë Ëèòöìàí è Âèêòîð Ëóòöå.  1934 çâàíèå ïîëó÷èëè Àâãóñò Øíàéäõóáåð è Ãåðìàí Ðåøíû.  õîäå «íî÷è äëèííûõ íîæåé» ìíîãèå ÷ëåíû âûñøåãî ðóêîâîäñòâà ÑÀ (êðîìå À. Õþíëÿéíà, Â. Ëóòöå è Ê. Ëèöìàíà) áûëè êàçíåíû, è çâàíèå íå ïðèñâàèâàëîñü â ÑÀ â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ ëåò, íîâàÿ âîëíà ïðèñâîåíèé çâàíèÿ ïîñëåäîâàëà â ãîäû 2-é ìèðîâîé âîéíû.
Ñ ïîÿâëåíèåì âîéñê ÑÑ, äàííîå çâàíèå ìîæíî ëèøü óñëîâíî ïðèðàâíÿòü ê áîëåå ïîçäíåìó ñîâåòñêîìó çâàíèþ ãåíåðàë-ïîëêîâíèêà, ïîñêîëüêó â Êðàñíîé Àðìèè äàííîå âîèíñêîå çâàíèå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äîëæíîñòè êîìàíäóþùåãî àðìèåé, à ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ çâàíèé ìåæäó ãåíåðàë-ëåéòåíàíòîì è ãåíåðàë-ïîëêîâíèêîì íåò. Îäíàêî âîéñêà ÑÑ íå èìåëè ôîðìèðîâàíèé êðóïíåå äèâèçèè. Ïîýòîìó äàííîå çâàíèå íîñèëè ëèáî êîìàíäèðû äèâèçèé, ëèáî âûñøèå ðóêîâîäèòåëè öåíòðàëüíîãî àïïàðàòà ÑÑ. Íàïðèìåð, îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåðîì ÑÑ áûë Ýðíñò Êàëüòåíáðóííåð.
Èçìåíåíèå çíàêîâ ðàçëè÷èÿ âûñøèõ ôþðåðîâ (ãåíåðàëîâ) ÑÑ â àïðåëå 1942 ãîäà áûëî âûçâàíî ââåäåíèåì çâàíèÿ îáåðñòãðóïïåíôþðåð è æåëàíèåì óíèôèöèðîâàòü êîëè÷åñòâî çâ¸çäî÷åê íà ïåòëèöàõ è íà ïîãîíàõ, êîòîðûå íîñèëèñü íà âñåõ äðóãèõ âèäàõ ôîðìû, êðîìå ïàðòèéíîé, ïîñêîëüêó ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì êîëè÷åñòâà ÷àñòåé âîéñê ÑÑ âñå ÷àùå âîçíèêàëè ïðîáëåìû ñ êîððåêòíûì ðàñïîçíàâàíèåì çâàíèé ÑÑ îáû÷íûìè âîåííîñëóæàùèìè âåðìàõòà.
 ñëó÷àå íàçíà÷åíèÿ îáëàäàòåëÿ ýòîãî çâàíèÿ íà äîëæíîñòü âîåííîé (ñ 1939 ãîäà) èëè ïîëèöåéñêîé (ñ 1933 ãîäà) ñëóæáû îí ïîëó÷àë äóáëèðóþùåå çâàíèå â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ õàðàêòåðîì ñëóæáû:
- îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÑ è ãåíåðàë ïîëèöèè â íåì. SS Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei
- îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÑ è ãåíåðàë âîéñê ÑÑ â íåì. SS Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS
 ÷àñòíîñòè óïîìÿíóòûé Ý. Êàëüòåíáðóííåð íîñèë äóáëèðóþùåå çâàíèå ãåíåðàëà ïîëèöèè.  ñèëó ðåçêîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ âîéñê ÑÑ â 1941â1942 ãîäàõ íåêîòîðûå ãðóïïåíôþðåðû è îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåðû ïåðåøëè â ñòðóêòóðó âîéñê ÑÑ ñ ïîëèöåéñêèìè äóáëèðóþùèìè çâàíèÿìè.
Çâàíèå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåðà ïîëó÷èëè 109 ÷åëîâåê, â òîì ÷èñëå 2 âåíãðà (Ôåêåòåõàëìè è Ðóñêàè). Õåëëüäîðô[1] áûë ðàçæàëîâàí è êàçíåí çà ó÷àñòèå â çàãîâîðå ïðîòèâ Ãèòëåðà, 5 ÷åëîâåê (Øâàðö, Äàëþãå, Äèòðèõ, Õàóññåð è Âîëüô[2]) áûëè ïîâûøåíû äî îáåðñòãðóïïåíôþðåðà.
Ñîäåðæàíèå |
[ïðàâèòü] Îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåðû ÑÑ
- Ãåññ, Ðóäîëüô (Hess) 1933
- Õåëëüäîðô, Ãåíðèõ ôîí (Helldorf) 1933, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÀ (àâãóñò 1933)
- Øâàðö, Ôðàíö Êñàâåð (Schwarz) 1 èþëÿ 1933
- Çåëüäòå, Ôðàíö (Seldte) 26 ôåâðàëÿ 1933, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÀ (àâãóñò 1933)
- Äèòðèõ, Éîçåô (Dietrich) 1 èþëÿ 1934
- Âàéòöåëü, Ôðèö (Weitzel) 9 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1934
- Äàëþãå, Êóðò (Daluege) 9 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1934
- Áóõ, Âàëüòåð (Buch) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1934
- Äàððå, Ðèõàðä (Darre) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1934
- Âîéðø, Óäî ôîí (Woyrsch) 1 ÿíâàðÿ 1935
- Êðþãåð, Ôðèäðèõ Âèëüãåëüì (Krüger) 25 ÿíâàðÿ 1935, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÀ (1934)
- Ýáåðøòåéí, Êàðë ôîí (Eberstein) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1936
- Âàëüäåê-Ïèðìîíò, Èîñèàñ ôîí (Waldeck-Pyrmont) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1936
- Àìàíí, Ìàêñ (Amann) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1936
- Áîóëåð, Ôèëèïï (Bouhler) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1936
- Åêêåëüí, Ôðèäðèõ (Jeckeln) 13 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1936
- Ëîðåíö, Âåðíåð (Lorenz) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1936
- Õàéññìàéåð, Àâãóñò (Heissmeyer) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1936
- Øìàóçåð, Ýðíñò-Ãåíðèõ (Schmauser) 20 àïðåëÿ 1937
- Øóëåíáóðã, Ôðèäðèõ ôîí äåð (Schulenburg) 20 àïðåëÿ 1939
- Áîðìàí, Ìàðòèí (Bormann) 20 àïðåëÿ 1940, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÀ
- Ëàììåðñ, Ãàíñ Ãåíðèõ (Lammers) 20 àïðåëÿ 1940
- Äèòðèõ, Îòòî (Dietrich) 20 àïðåëÿ 1941
- Çåéññ-Èíêâàðò, Àðòóð (Seyss-Inquart) 20 àïðåëÿ 1941
- Ãåéäðèõ, Ðåéíõàðä (Heydrich) 24 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1941
- Õàóññåð, Ïàóëü (Hausser) 1 îêòÿáðÿ 1941
- Áàõ, Ýðèõ ôîí äåì (Bach) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1941
- Ïðþòöìàí, Ãàíñ Àäîëüô (Prützmann) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1941
- Ðåäèåñ, Âèëüãåëüì (Redies) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1941
- Ðåéíãàðä, Âèëüãåëüì (Reinhard) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1941
- Ôîðñòåð, Àëüáåðò (Forster) 31 äåêàáðÿ 1941
- Çàóêåëü, Ôðèö (Sauckel) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÀ (9.11.1937)
- Áåðêåëüìàí, Òåîäîð (Berkelmann) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Áþðêåëü, Éîçåô (Bürkel) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Âîëüô, Êàðë (Wolff) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Ãèëüäåáðàíäò, Ðèõàðä (Hildebrandt) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Ãèëüäåáðàíäò, Ôðèäðèõ (Hildebrandt) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Êåïïëåð, Âèëüãåëüì Êàðë (Keppler) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Êîïïå, Âèëüãåëüì (Koppe) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Ìóðð, Âèëüãåëüì (Murr) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Ôèëåð, Êàðë (Fiehler) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Êëàããåñ, Äèòðèõ (Klagges) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Ãðåéçåð, Àðòóð Êàðë (Greiser) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- ʸðíåð, Ïàóëü (Körner) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1942
- Ýéêå, Òåîäîð (Eicke) 20 àïðåëÿ 1942
- Ïîëü, Îñâàëüä (Pohl) 20 àïðåëÿ 1942
- Øàðôå, Ïàóëü (Scharfe) 20 àïðåëÿ 1942
- Ìàçóâ, Ýìèëü (Mazuw) 20 àïðåëÿ 1942
- Øìèòò, Âàëüòåð (Schmitt) 20 àïðåëÿ 1942
- Áàêêå, Ãåðáåðò (Backe) 9 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1942
- Êàóôìàí, Êàðë (Kaufmann) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1943
- Òàóáåðò, Çèãôðèä (Taubert) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1943
- Àëüïåðñ, Ôðèäðèõ (Alpers) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Áåðãåð, Ãîòòëîá (Berger) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Ýããåëèíã, Èîàõèì Àëüáðåõò (Eggeling) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Êàëüòåíáðóííåð, Ýðíñò (Kaltenbrunner) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Ãåíëåéí, Êîíðàä (Henlein) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Þòòíåð, Ãàíñ (Jüttner) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Õîôìàí, Îòòî (Hoffmann) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Íåéðàò, Êîíñòàíòèí ôîí (Neurath) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Áîëå, Ýðíñò Âèëüãåëüì (Bohle) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Ôðàíê, Êàðë Ãåðìàí (Frank) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Ôëåïñ, Àðòóð (Phleps) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Êâåðíåð, Ðóäîëüô (Querner) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Ðàéíåð, Ôðèäðèõ (Rainer) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Ðîéòåð, Ãàíñ Àëüáèí (Rauter) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Çàêñ, Ýðíñò (Sachs) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Àéãðóáåð, Àâãóñò (Eigruber) 21 èþíÿ 1943, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÑÀ (9.11.1943)
- Þðè, Õóãî (Jury) 21 èþíÿ 1943
- Øòàéíåð, Ôåëèêñ (Steiner) 1 èþëÿ 1943
- Âþííåíáåðã, Àëüôðåä (Wünnenberg) 1 èþëÿ 1943
- Øååëü, Ãóñòàâ Àäîëüô (Scheel) 1943
- Ïôåôôåð-Âèëüäåíáðóõ, Êàðë (Pfeffer-Wildenbruch) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1943
- Ëàóòåðáàõåð, Õàðòìàí (Lauterbacher) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1944
- Ãðåéôåëüò, Óëüðèõ (Greifelt) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1944
- Õàíêå, Êàðë (Hanke) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1944
- Øòóêêàðò, Âèëüãåëüì (Stuckart) 30 ÿíâàðÿ 1944
- Âèíêåëüìàí, Îòòî (Winkelmann) 15 ìàðòà 1944
- Õ¸ôëå, Ãåðìàí (Höfle) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944, òàêæå îáåðãðóïïåíôþðåð ÍÑÊÊ
- Áåñò, Âåðíåð (Best) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Ãðàâèö, Ýðíñò-Ðîáåðò (Grawitz) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Áðåéòõàóïò, Ôðàíö (Breithaupt) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Õåðôô, Ìàêñèìèëèàí ôîí (Herff) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Êîíòè, Ëåîíàðäî (Conti) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Ïàíêå, Ãþíòåð (Pancke) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Êåïïëåð, Ãåîðã (Keppler) 20 àïðåëÿ 1944
- Êðþãåð, Âàëüòåð (Krüger) 21 èþíÿ 1944
- Äåìåëüõóáåð, Êàðë (Demelhuber) 21 èþíÿ 1944
- Øàóá, Þëèóñ (Schaub) 21 èþíÿ 1944
- Êíîáëàóõ, Êóðò (Knoblauch) 24 èþíÿ 1944
- Ãîòòáåðã, Êóðò ôîí (Gottberg) 30 èþíÿ 1944
- Øâåðê, Îñêàð (Schwerk) 16 èþëÿ 1944
- Ìàóð, Ãåíðèõ ôîí (Maur) 19 èþëÿ 1944
- Ìàðòèí, Áåííî (Martin) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Áèòòðèõ, Âèëüãåëüì (Bittrich) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Âàëü, Êàðë (Wahl) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Âåãåíåð, Ïàóëü (ãàóëÿéòåð) (Wegener) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Ãóòåíáåðãåð, Êàðë (Gutenberger) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Êàìïòö, Þðãåí ôîí (Kamptz) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Îáåðã, Êàðë (Oberg) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- иçåíåð, Ýðâèí (Rösener) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Êëÿéíõàéñòåðêàìï, Ìàòòèàñ (Kleinheisterkamp) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Âýõòëåð, Ôðèö (Wächtler) 1 àâãóñòà 1944
- Ôðàíê, Àâãóñò (Frank) 9 îêòÿáðÿ 1944
- Ôåêåòåõàëüìè-×åéäíåð, Îòòî (Feketehalmy-Czeydner) 1 íîÿáðÿ 1944
- Ãèëëå, Ãåðáåðò Îòòî (Gille) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1944
- Øëåññìàíí, Ôðèö (Schlessmann) 9 íîÿáðÿ 1944
- Ðóñêàé, Åíè (Ðàíöåíáåðãåð) (Ruszkay) 1 ôåâðàëÿ 1945
- Êàììëåð, Ãàíñ (Kammler) 1 ìàðòà 1945
[ïðàâèòü] Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ
[ïðàâèòü] Ñì. òàêæå
[ïðàâèòü] Ëèòåðàòóðà
- Þ.Âåðåìååâ. Âîéñêà ÑÑ (Waffen-SS).Çíàêè ðàçëè÷èÿ çâàíèé âûñøèõ ðóêîâîäèòåëåé (Höhere Führer).
- Þ.Âåðåìååâ. Òàáëèöû çâàíèé ãåðìàíñêîãî âåðìàõòà (Die Wehrmacht) 1935-45ãã. Âîéñêà ÑÑ (Waffen-SS).
- Ê.Çàëåññêèé. ÑÑ. Îõðàííûå îòðÿäû ÍÑÄÀÏ. 2004
- Ê.Çàëåññêèé. Êòî áûë êòî â Òðåòüåì ðåéõå. 2002
[ïðàâèòü] Ññûëêè
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