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́ ́ (. Paasch-Eyland, . Isla de Pascua) , . - (. Rapa Nui). 163,6 ². .
- , , , , -. 1888 . 1995 «-» .[1]
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[]
:
- (. Hititeairagi), -- (. Hiti-ai-rangi);
- (. Tekaouhangoaru);
- --- (. Mata-ki-te-Ragi «, »);
- ---- (. Te-Pito-o-te-henua « »);
- - (. Rapa Nui « »), , ;
- - (. San Carlos Island), ;
- (. Teapi) ;
- (. Vaihu), (. Vaihou), , ( - );
- (. Easter Island), , 1722 .
- ( « »), , . , , , 650 . «-» . «Rapa Nui» (2 ) , «Rapanui» (1 ) .[2]
[]
- , . 3703 ( ) ( ) 1819 .[3] : . 163,6 ².[4] --, .
, - . «» 16, 18 24 . : - (. Rano Kao) (324 ) ; - (. Puakatike) (377 ) (. Terevaka) (539 ).[5]
- (. Rano Aroi) ( 200 ). «-» , .
- (. Rano Raraku) (160 ) , . 650 .
- 1500 , 800 . . .
. , « ».
: - - (. Motu Nui) ( , -), - (. Motu Iti), -- (. Motu Kao Kao) ( ), - (. Motu Tautira) - (. Motu Marotiri).
[]
, . 21,8 °C, (19,2 °C), (24,6 °C). - , . -, - - . , . . - . - 20° .
- , [6]
| t max | t min | . | (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | °C | °F | |||||
| 26 | 79 | 19 | 67 | 74,5 | 2,9 | 15 | 79 | |
| 27 | 81 | 19 | 67 | 83,7 | 3,2 | 7 | 77 | |
| 26 | 79 | 20 | 68 | 98,9 | 3,8 | 16 | 80 | |
| 24 | 76 | 18 | 65 | 130,4 | 5,0 | 15 | 80 | |
| 24 | 76 | 17 | 63 | 141,1 | 5,4 | 12 | 80 | |
| 20 | 70 | 16 | 61 | 115,8 | 4,4 | 16 | 82 | |
| 20 | 70 | 15 | 59 | 108,1 | 4,3 | 12 | 82 | |
| 20 | 70 | 15 | 59 | 90,0 | 3,5 | 9 | 82 | |
| 20 | 70 | 15 | 59 | 92,1 | 3,6 | 14 | 81 | |
| 22 | 72 | 15 | 59 | 85,0 | 3,4 | 6 | 76 | |
| 23 | 74 | 17 | 63 | 72,2 | 2,8 | 9 | 81 | |
| 25 | 77 | 18 | 65 | 75,7 | 2,9 | 15 | 79 | |
[]
: 30 , -. , , . , -, . IX XVII , (, Paschalococos disperta).[7] . , - .
Sophora toromiro, (. toromiro). : « » .
, (. mahute). : , . .
(. ti), Dracaena terminalis, . - , .
(. makoi) (Thespesia populnea) .
, - - Scirpus californicus, .
[]
: , , . XIX . , -, . , Rattus exulans, . Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus, , .
25 6 .[8]
[]
, XVIXVII - 10 15 . - , , 23 . 3000 . 1877 , , 111 . 1888 , , 178 .
XX - ( ) . 1950- , , . 1960 - 1 .
2002 3791 ( , 1988 1938 ). 200300 , .[9] . . 1982 70 %, 2002 60 %. 39 % , 1 % .
[]
, , . 1984 ( , ). --. 1966 - 6 , .[10]
[]
1966 - , 1986 «»,[10] , . , ( ).
, . -, . -, , . - . - , . , . : . - , , , .
(, , , , , , ) 1960- . , . , +56, +32 5 2006 2. , 6 ( 100 551 ).[11]
[]
. «LAN Airlines», , . « ».[12] , , , . . . - . 5 . 2010 , .[13] .[14] - . .
1975 , «» (. Tapati Rapa Nui), , .[15]
[]
, . , «» . - . ( - ), . «-» , . , . , , , , , , . . . , , .[16]
- - . 300 , . , 15 .
- . . . - . , -, -, .
- --- (. ) . -. , --- 1960- , .
- - . .
- - -. , « » .
[]
[]
, 300400 ( 900 .) . . , .[17] 1200 , . , ́ .
80- XV (, . ) . , , (, ) - . : ; , ; , , , XIV , [18]. [19].
«», , , , «», . , XVI , , . , .
[]
. IXX , [20], .
-, (Triumfeta semitriloba), (Sapindus saponaria), (Thespesia populnea) -, (. Mara'e Renga). , , , , . , , . .
(, , .), . , , 1600 . , , , , , .[21]
. - , . , , .
, , , -, . , . . , - (. mangai ivi), , - (. mangai kahi) . , - (. tangata manu). . , , . . , (. mana) , .
, . , (. tupa), .
( . vaka), , , , . , . : , , , .
[]
, XIX , . , , - , , , .
XIX - , (. mata), , , , -. , - , . . , , .
, - . , , , .
- (. mata iti), , . , . , , - .
. , (. ivi). . , , ( , ) .
, , , . , (. mata), . - -. -. « -».
, , . - (. ariki mau), , . , - (. ivi atua), , - (. ariki paka). . . , - .
, (. matato'), . (. kio), ( , ). , , .
. , . , . - (. kai tangata). .
[]
1687 «Batchelors Delight», . , 20°27 . , . . .
5 1722 «Afrikaanse Galley» -. . .
50 . , , . , , , . 1770 -- (Manuel de Amat y Junyent), , «San Lorenzo» (Felipe Gonzáles de Haedo) , .
- III - ( , ). . , , .
12 1774 ; , (), . 1787 . «» 16 21 1804 .
1816 «» , . - . - - .
12 1862 - 8 . 1000 2000 , - (Kamakoi) (Maurata). , . - , 1000 . , . , . - , , 15 . , , , , , . 600 .
[] - XX
, , . . . 1862 , . , , . 11 1864 .
17 - (Hippolyte Roussel) . ----, - . 1868 .
, . 14 1868 . 5 : ( ), , , , , , .
1868 - (Dutroux-Bornier), - . , , , 1866 .
, - 1877 111 .
- 1830- , 1870- . 18791883 , . 9 1888 (Policarpo Toro Hurtado) - . --. 1898 , . .
[] XX
XX - . 1914 1915 . . . , . 19341935 . - , , . (Alfred Métraux) . (Henri Lavacherry).
50- XX , , [22]. «-» , . , , . . , . . , , . , .
1914 . , , . 1953 . - , . 1956 , . 1966 .
[] «» (XVI / XVIIXIX )
1680 , , -, , , . , - (. tangata manu). , .
- , -, . . - , - , , (. manutara). , . « » , . 1867 .
[] -
, -. , . , , , , , , .
- , , . 1995 -, [23].
1864 .
, . . , . , . - , , . . , . . -, . , , , 25 - 1770 .[21]
[]
1687 , , (), , , . , , , .
, .
500 , - , [3]. , . 3 . , 4,55 .
[]
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Rapa Nui National Park.. 18 2011. 13 2007.
- Easter Island Foundation. Frequently Asked Questions. What's the difference between "Rapa Nui" and "Rapanui"?.( ) 13 2007.
- 1 2 Easter Island Statue Project. About Easter Island. Location..( ) 13 2007.
- Easter Island Statue Project. About Easter Island.( ) 13 2007.
- . 3- . « ».
- http://islandheritage.org/vg/vg06.html
- Easter Island Statue Project. About Easter Island. Flora..( ) 13 2007.
- Easter Island Statue Project. About Easter Island. Fauna..( ) 13 2007.
- Ethnologue.com. Rapa Nui.. 21 2011. 13 2007.
- 1 2 Centre for South Pacific Studies. The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Rapanui (Easter Island). Dr. Grant McCall.( ) 13 2007.
- Easter Island Foundations Visitor Guide to Easter Island. Mail, phones and the Internet.( ) 9 2007.
- Easter Island Foundations Visitor Guide to Easter Island. Getting there by plane.( ) 9 2007.
- BuenoLatina.
- http://www.lan.com
- Easter Island Foundations Visitor Guide to Easter Island. The Annual Tapati Festival.( ) 12 2007.
- . -.
- «» ISBN 978-5-9713-8389-5, . 104
- Dumont, Henri J.; Cocquyt, Christine; Fontugne, Michel; Arnold, Maurice; Reyss, Jean-Louis; Bloemendal, Jan; Oldfield, Frank; Steenbergen, Cees L.M.; Korthals, Henk J. & Zeeb, Barbara A. (1998): The end of moai quarrying and its effect on Lake Rano Raraku, Easter Island. Journal of Paleolimnology 20(4): 409422. DOI:10.1023/A:1008012720960
- Early Americans helped colonise Easter Island
- J. L. Flenley, Sarah King "Late Quaternary pollen records from Easter Island//Nature 307:47-50
- 1 2 «» ISBN 978-5-9713-8389-5
- «-. » ISBN 5-17-018067-5, ISBN 5-271-05030-0
- Steven Fischer Rongorongo: The Easter Island Script. Oxford Univercity Press, 1997.
[]
- . . . .: , 1966. 192 . ( ). 73 000 .
- Dr. Stéphen-Chauvet «Easter Island and its mysteries». Translated by Ann M. Altman. First published in 1935. Translation prepared 2004.
- Metraux Alfred «Easter Island: A Stone-Age Civilization of the Pacific»; Oxford University Press, 1957 ( www.questia.com).
- Fischer Steven Roger «Rongorongo: The Easter Island Script History, Traditions, Texts». Clarendon Press: Oxford, England, 1997 ( www.questia.com).
- Routledge Scoresby «The Mystery of Easter Island. The story of an expedition». London, 1919
- Thomson, William J. 1891. Te Pito te Henua, or Easter Island. Report of the United States National Museum for the Year Ending June 30, 1889. Annual Reports of the Smithsonian Institution for 1889. 447552. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
- « -»
- «-. » ISBN 5-17-018067-5, ISBN 5-271-05030-0
- Dransfield J. 1991 123. Paschalococos disperta J. Dransfield gen. et sp. nov. In G. Zizka Flowering plant of Eastern Island PHF3, wissenschaftliche Berichte, Palmengarten, Frankfurt.
- «» ISBN 978-5-9713-8389-5
[]
[]
- (.)
- (.)
- (.)
- (.)
- - (.)
- Flickr (.)
- "" (.)
- Google Maps
[]
- « » (. Beneath Easter Island), National Geographic, 2009 .
- « . » (. Mysteries of History. Giants of Easter Island), Prometheus Entertainment (.), 2010 .
- ( ) - , 1994 .
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