| . Heard Island |
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| : | |
| 372 ² | |
| 2745 | |
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| (2012 ) | 0 . |
(. Heard Island and McDonald Islands, HIMI) [1] . , , . .
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: 4099 - ( )[2], 3845 - ( - ), 4200 - , 3830 - , 1630 450 - [3].
() 43 21 . - , 2745 . , . 80 % , . 368 ².
() , 44 , . 230 . -, . 2004 2,5 ².
75000 1992 , . , 2004 , , - , [4]. 2000 2001 1,13 2,45 2, 230 186 1980[5]. [6]. , , 10 2005 . [5].
, . 101,9 , 12- (22 ) , 200- (370 ) [7].
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(+0,1 °C) (+4,2 °C). . . 26 33,5 /, 180 /. 1300 1900 . , [9].
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, . , . , , , , , , . : , , , , , , . .
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, 43 , 19 71 , , , , . . . 1980 , , .
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100 , . Durvillaea antarctica 17 . , , , , .
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, , , [10].
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19 , . . , : , . , . , [11].
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. . BirdLife International , [12].
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, 25 1853 , «» . , 4 1854 , «» , . 20 , ( 200 ). 1880 ́ . 1929 [15]. 1971 1980 . - .
1910 , Union Jack. 26 1947 , 1961 . , ( ) ( ).
, .hm.
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( ) , , , , . . 65 000 2, . [7].
1947 1955 Atlas Cove - , 1969 1971 . 1971 -. - - , , 1988 , 1992-93 2004-05 .
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- .
- Cocky Flies, Geoscience Australia (.)
- DistanceFromTo
- 1980 2004 .
- 1 2 http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Au/AU/Heard/McDonald.htm (.)
- « » (.)
- 1 2 3 CIA World Factbook
- antipodr.com
- « » (.)
- http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/wildfinder/ (.)
- (.)
- BirdLife International. (2011) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Heard and McDonald Islands. http://www.birdlife.org (.)
- Woehler, EJ & Croxall, JP 1991. «Status and conservation of the seabirds of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands», in Seabird status and conservation: a supplement, ICBP Technical Publication 11. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge
- Woehler, EJ (2006). «Status and trends of the seabirds of Heard Island, 2000», in Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. . Green, K. & Woehler, E. Surrey Beattie
- travel.ru
- timegenie.com
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